重点产业政策的新能源技术创新效应研究
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摘要
产业政策能否成功引致新能源技术创新事关构建清洁能源体系与绿色创新体系,对推进中国工业能源革命与绿色发展至关重要。本文以中央和省级"五年规划"中提及的重点产业为依据建立"准自然实验",构建2006—2015年中国新能源专利面板数据并将其匹配至应用的工业行业,采用固定效应模型、双重差分法和三重差分法,从需求侧对重点产业政策的新能源技术创新效应及其作用机制进行检验。研究发现:重点产业政策能够有效促进新能源技术创新,但政策效果因制定层级、实施区域、行业特征等不同而存在明显差异,中央政府和地方政府共同实施的产业政策有更明显的创新激励效应,重点产业政策在东部地区落实效果更好,高技术行业的新能源技术创新对产业政策环境要求更高。在作用机制方面,重点产业政策通过外商投资促进新能源技术创新,通过环境规制抑制新能源技术创新,而市场竞争机制的作用则是两极分化,能够正向促进直辖市的新能源技术创新,却反向抑制一般省份的新能源技术创新。中央政府与地方政府应结合发展实际形成"产业政策合力"以促进新能源技术创新。
Could industrial policy successfully induce new energy technology innovation plays an important role in building a clean energy system and a green technology innovation system. It is vital to promote China's industrial energy revolution and green development. Establishing the Quasi-Natural Experiment according to the key industrial policy in national and provincial governments' "Five-Year Plan"and combining the panel data of new energy patents which is matched to the industrial sectors of use in China during 2006 to 2015, the current study examines the impacts and mechanisms of key industrial policy on new energy technology innovation from the demand side with fixed effect model, difference-in-difference method, and triple difference method. The findings show that the key industrial policy significantly promotes new energy technology innovation. However, the effects of key industrial policies differ significantly from each other due to different governments, implemented regions, and industrial characteristics. In terms of different governments, the key industrial policy that promoted by national government and provincial governments synchronously has a stronger impact on new energy technology innovation. In terms of different regions, the implementation of key industrial policy in the eastern region is better. In terms of different industries, new energy technology innovation in high-tech industries requires a higher quality industrial policy environment. From the perspective of mechanisms, the key industrial policy promotes new energy technology innovation by foreign investment and inhibits new energy technology innovation through environment regulation.However, the market competition mechanism is polarized. On the one hand, it can positively promote municipalities' new energy technology innovation. Alternatively, it postpones new energy technology innovation in general provinces. The central government and local governments should combine development practices and form the"industrial policy synergy"to promote new energy technology innovation.
Could industrial policy successfully induce new energy technology innovation plays an important role in building a clean energy system and a green technology innovation system. It is vital to promote China's industrial energy revolution and green development. Establishing the Quasi-Natural Experiment according to the key industrial policy in national and provincial governments' "Five-Year Plan"and combining the panel data of new energy patents which is matched to the industrial sectors of use in China during 2006 to 2015, the current study examines the impacts and mechanisms of key industrial policy on new energy technology innovation from the demand side with fixed effect model, difference-in-difference method, and triple difference method. The findings show that the key industrial policy significantly promotes new energy technology innovation. However, the effects of key industrial policies differ significantly from each other due to different governments, implemented regions, and industrial characteristics. In terms of different governments, the key industrial policy that promoted by national government and provincial governments synchronously has a stronger impact on new energy technology innovation. In terms of different regions, the implementation of key industrial policy in the eastern region is better. In terms of different industries, new energy technology innovation in high-tech industries requires a higher quality industrial policy environment. From the perspective of mechanisms, the key industrial policy promotes new energy technology innovation by foreign investment and inhibits new energy technology innovation through environment regulation.However, the market competition mechanism is polarized. On the one hand, it can positively promote municipalities' new energy technology innovation. Alternatively, it postpones new energy technology innovation in general provinces. The central government and local governments should combine development practices and form the"industrial policy synergy"to promote new energy technology innovation.
引文
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1)本文将2006—2015年间“十一五”规划或“十二五”规划提到的二位码行业均视为政策执行组,其行业受到“五年规划”产业政策目标影响;反之则视为非政策执行组,其行业未受到“五年规划”产业政策目标影响。
1)国家统计调查从2011年1月起,纳入规模以上工业统计范围的工业企业起点标准从年主营业务收入500万元提高到2000万元。
1)在时间维度上,按照专利申请日进行年度划分。本研究的时间跨度为2006—2015年,检索的时间为2018年1—2月,专利从申请到批准并公开往往耗时1~3年,按照这一规律,绝大部分2015年进行申请的专利在本文的搜索期内已公开。
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1)本文将2006—2015年间“十一五”规划或“十二五”规划提到的二位码行业均视为政策执行组,其行业受到“五年规划”产业政策目标影响;反之则视为非政策执行组,其行业未受到“五年规划”产业政策目标影响。
1)国家统计调查从2011年1月起,纳入规模以上工业统计范围的工业企业起点标准从年主营业务收入500万元提高到2000万元。
1)在时间维度上,按照专利申请日进行年度划分。本研究的时间跨度为2006—2015年,检索的时间为2018年1—2月,专利从申请到批准并公开往往耗时1~3年,按照这一规律,绝大部分2015年进行申请的专利在本文的搜索期内已公开。