技术创新与非技术创新的协同发展——中国工业企业协同创新的微观实证
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摘要
工业是实体经济的主体,是创新的主战场,是供给侧结构性改革的关键领域。构建CDM协同创新系统模型,基于中国工业企业微观数据,考察技术创新与非技术创新的动态关联与交互作用,从中发现,中国工业企业创新的资源驱动特征比较明显,不同类型的创新具有替代性和互补性,企业创新方式选择趋于多元,技术创新与非技术创新的协同发展形成创新驱动的支持体系。技术创新是根本性决定因素,它高于非技术创新的影响强度,而非技术创新发挥支撑和保障作用,企业规模是创新模式的重要影响因素,大企业倾向于新产品研发等技术创新,小企业倾向于市场开拓等非技术创新,随着企业发展与规模的扩大,技术创新与非技术创新将更加协同均衡发展。
Industry is the main body of the real economy, the main battlefield of innovation and the key field of supply-side structural reform. In this paper, a CDM collaborative innovation system model is constructed based on the micro data of Chinese industrial enterprises to investigate the dynamic correlation and interaction between technological and non-technological innovation. According to the research, it can be found that the innovation of Chinese industrial enterprises is evidently more resource driven, different types of innovation have the characteristics of substitutability and complementarity, the choice of innovation mode of enterprises tends to be diversified, and the collaborative development of technological and non-technological innovation forms an innovation-driven support system. Technological innovation is the fundamental determinant. Its effect is higher than that of the technology innovation. Non-technical innovation plays a role of support and guarantee.Enterprise scale is one of the important factors affecting the innovation model. Large-scale enterprises tend to technical innovation such as new product research and development, while small businesses tend to non-technical innovation such as market development. With the development and expansion of enterprise, technical and non-technical innovation are necessary to develop more balanced together.
Industry is the main body of the real economy, the main battlefield of innovation and the key field of supply-side structural reform. In this paper, a CDM collaborative innovation system model is constructed based on the micro data of Chinese industrial enterprises to investigate the dynamic correlation and interaction between technological and non-technological innovation. According to the research, it can be found that the innovation of Chinese industrial enterprises is evidently more resource driven, different types of innovation have the characteristics of substitutability and complementarity, the choice of innovation mode of enterprises tends to be diversified, and the collaborative development of technological and non-technological innovation forms an innovation-driven support system. Technological innovation is the fundamental determinant. Its effect is higher than that of the technology innovation. Non-technical innovation plays a role of support and guarantee.Enterprise scale is one of the important factors affecting the innovation model. Large-scale enterprises tend to technical innovation such as new product research and development, while small businesses tend to non-technical innovation such as market development. With the development and expansion of enterprise, technical and non-technical innovation are necessary to develop more balanced together.
引文
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(2)Cuneo P,Mairesse J.“Productivity and R&D at the Firm Level in French Manufacturing”,in Nber Working Papers,1983:339-374;Hall B H,Mairesse J.“Exploring the relationship between R&D and productivity in French manufacturing firms”in Journal of Econometrics,1992,65(1):pp.263-293.
(3)Raymond W,Mohnen P,Palm F C,et al.“Persistence of Innovation in Dutch Manufacturing:Is it Spurious?”in Cesifo Working Paper,2006,92(3):pp.495-504.
(4)Goedhuys M,Janz N,Mohnen P.“What Drives Productivity in Tanzanian Manufacturing Firms:Technology or Business Environment?”in European Journal of Development Research,2006,20(2):pp.199-218.
(5)Griliches Z,Mairesse J.R&D and Productivity Growth:Comparing Japanese and U.S.Manufacturing Firms.In Productivity Growth in Japan and the United States.Ed.by Charles Hulten.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1990;Harhoff D,K?rting T.“Lending relationships in Germany-Empirical Evidence from Survey Data”,in Journal of Banking&Finance,1998,22(10-11):pp.1317-1353;Dilling-Hansen M,Eriksson T,Madsen E S,et al.“”The Impact of R&D on Productivity:Evidence from Danish Manufacturing Firms”,in The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy,1999:pp.366-387.
(6)Choi J I,Byun J W,Lee B C,et al.The Impact of Openness on Innovation Efficiency:Manufacturing and Service Industry,Proceedings of Picmet'13:Technology Management in the It-Driven Services.IEEE,2013:pp.997-1009.
(7)Broekel T.“Do Cooperative Research and Development(R&D)Subsidies Stimulate Regional Innovation Efficiency?Evidence from Germany”,in Regional Studies,2015,49(7):pp.1087-1110.
(8)Hu A G Z,Jefferson G H.“Returns to Research and Development in Chinese Industry:Evidence from State-owned Enterprises in Beijing”,in China Economic Review,2004,15(1):pp.86-107.
(9)栾斌、杨俊:《企业创新投入与创新绩效的就业效应及其差异分析》,《管理学报》2016年第5期,第725页.
(10)王兰芳、胡悦:《创业投资促进了创新绩效吗?--基于中国企业面板数据的实证检验》,《金融研究》2017年第1期,第177页.
(1)Mohnen P,Mairesse J,Dagenais M.“Innovativity:A Comparison Across Seven European Countries”,in Economics of Innovation&New Technology,2006,15(4-5):pp.391-413.
(2)Masso J,Vahter P.“Technological Innovation and Productivity in late-transition Estonia:Econometric Evidence from Innovation Surveys”,in European Journal of Development Research,2008,20(2):pp.240-261.
(3)Fulvio Castellacci.“How does Competition Affect the Relationship between Innovation and Productivity?Estimation of a CDM Model for Norway”,in Economics of Innovation&New Technology,2011,20(7):pp.637-658.
(4)Busom I,Vélez-Ospina J A.Innovation,Public Support,and Productivity in Colombia.A Cross-industry Comparison,in World Development,2017,99:pp.75-94.
(5)Jefferson G H,Bai Huamao,Guan Xiaojing,et al.“R&D Performance in Chinese Industry”,in Economics of Innovation&New Technology,2002,15(4-5):pp.345-366.
(6)吴翌琳、谷彬:《创新支持政策能否改变高科技业融资难问题》,《统计研究》2013年第2期,第32页.
(2)Cuneo P,Mairesse J.“Productivity and R&D at the Firm Level in French Manufacturing”,in Nber Working Papers,1983:339-374;Hall B H,Mairesse J.“Exploring the relationship between R&D and productivity in French manufacturing firms”in Journal of Econometrics,1992,65(1):pp.263-293.
(3)Raymond W,Mohnen P,Palm F C,et al.“Persistence of Innovation in Dutch Manufacturing:Is it Spurious?”in Cesifo Working Paper,2006,92(3):pp.495-504.
(4)Goedhuys M,Janz N,Mohnen P.“What Drives Productivity in Tanzanian Manufacturing Firms:Technology or Business Environment?”in European Journal of Development Research,2006,20(2):pp.199-218.
(5)Griliches Z,Mairesse J.R&D and Productivity Growth:Comparing Japanese and U.S.Manufacturing Firms.In Productivity Growth in Japan and the United States.Ed.by Charles Hulten.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1990;Harhoff D,K?rting T.“Lending relationships in Germany-Empirical Evidence from Survey Data”,in Journal of Banking&Finance,1998,22(10-11):pp.1317-1353;Dilling-Hansen M,Eriksson T,Madsen E S,et al.“”The Impact of R&D on Productivity:Evidence from Danish Manufacturing Firms”,in The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy,1999:pp.366-387.
(6)Choi J I,Byun J W,Lee B C,et al.The Impact of Openness on Innovation Efficiency:Manufacturing and Service Industry,Proceedings of Picmet'13:Technology Management in the It-Driven Services.IEEE,2013:pp.997-1009.
(7)Broekel T.“Do Cooperative Research and Development(R&D)Subsidies Stimulate Regional Innovation Efficiency?Evidence from Germany”,in Regional Studies,2015,49(7):pp.1087-1110.
(8)Hu A G Z,Jefferson G H.“Returns to Research and Development in Chinese Industry:Evidence from State-owned Enterprises in Beijing”,in China Economic Review,2004,15(1):pp.86-107.
(9)栾斌、杨俊:《企业创新投入与创新绩效的就业效应及其差异分析》,《管理学报》2016年第5期,第725页.
(10)王兰芳、胡悦:《创业投资促进了创新绩效吗?--基于中国企业面板数据的实证检验》,《金融研究》2017年第1期,第177页.
(1)Mohnen P,Mairesse J,Dagenais M.“Innovativity:A Comparison Across Seven European Countries”,in Economics of Innovation&New Technology,2006,15(4-5):pp.391-413.
(2)Masso J,Vahter P.“Technological Innovation and Productivity in late-transition Estonia:Econometric Evidence from Innovation Surveys”,in European Journal of Development Research,2008,20(2):pp.240-261.
(3)Fulvio Castellacci.“How does Competition Affect the Relationship between Innovation and Productivity?Estimation of a CDM Model for Norway”,in Economics of Innovation&New Technology,2011,20(7):pp.637-658.
(4)Busom I,Vélez-Ospina J A.Innovation,Public Support,and Productivity in Colombia.A Cross-industry Comparison,in World Development,2017,99:pp.75-94.
(5)Jefferson G H,Bai Huamao,Guan Xiaojing,et al.“R&D Performance in Chinese Industry”,in Economics of Innovation&New Technology,2002,15(4-5):pp.345-366.
(6)吴翌琳、谷彬:《创新支持政策能否改变高科技业融资难问题》,《统计研究》2013年第2期,第32页.