竞争性替代阻碍还是倒逼中国出口技术水平提升:基于不对称经济体系视角
|
摘要
文章在对Hausman的出口技术水平测算方法进行修正的基础上,测算出中国相对于各国的出口技术水平,另外构建这些国家相对于中国的竞争性替代指数,并就竞争性替代指数和中国出口技术水平之间的关联进行了分析。实证结果表明,发展中经济体对中国产品的竞争性替代、前期相对出口技术水平、外商直接投资、人力资本和创新能力等方面,有利于提高中国相对于发展中经济体的出口技术水平;而发达经济体相对中国的竞争性替代指数会阻碍中国相对出口技术水平的提高。中国相对于发达经济体滞后一期的出口技术水平、FDI、人力资本以及创新能力对当前中国相对出口技术水平有正效应。中国可以通过提高与发展中经济体的成本、提高创新能力等政策,来提升中国的出口技术水平。
Inspired by Hausman's method of the export technology level test,this paper calculates the relative export technology level of China to other countries. It constructs the competitive substitution index of these countries relative to China,and analyses the relationship between the competitive substitution index and the relative export technology level of China. The empirical results show that the competitive substitution of the developing economies to China's products,the relative export technology level,the foreign direct investment,the human capital and the innovation ability are beneficial to the improvement of China's export technology level relative to the developing economies,while the competitive substitution index of the developed economies will impede the competitive substitution index of China. The one-step lagged export technology level of China relative to the developing economies,FDI,human capital and innovation ability have a positive effect on the relative export technology level in China. China can improve its export technology by raising the cost of developing economies and improving its innovation capability.
Inspired by Hausman's method of the export technology level test,this paper calculates the relative export technology level of China to other countries. It constructs the competitive substitution index of these countries relative to China,and analyses the relationship between the competitive substitution index and the relative export technology level of China. The empirical results show that the competitive substitution of the developing economies to China's products,the relative export technology level,the foreign direct investment,the human capital and the innovation ability are beneficial to the improvement of China's export technology level relative to the developing economies,while the competitive substitution index of the developed economies will impede the competitive substitution index of China. The one-step lagged export technology level of China relative to the developing economies,FDI,human capital and innovation ability have a positive effect on the relative export technology level in China. China can improve its export technology by raising the cost of developing economies and improving its innovation capability.
引文
[1]洪世勤,刘厚俊.中国制造业出口技术结构的测度及影响因素研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2015(3):77-93.
[2]LALL S,WEISS J,ZHANG J.The“Sophistication”of exports:a new trade measure[J].World Development,2006,34(2):222-237.
[3]HAUSMANN R,HWANG J,RODRIK D.What you export matters[J].Journal of Economic Growth,2007,12(1):1-25.
[4]VAN ASSCHE A,GANGNES B.Electronics production upgrading:is China exceptional?[J].Applied Economics Letters,2010,17(5):477-482.
[5]RODRIK D.What's so special about China's exports[J].China and World Economy,2006(5):1-19.
[6]SCHOTT P K.The relative sophistication of Chinese exports[J].Economic Policy,2008,23(53):5-49.
[7]XU B,LU J Y.Foreign direct investment,processing trade,and the sophistication of China's exports[J].China Economic Review,2009,20(3):425-439.
[8]姚洋,章林峰.中国本土企业出口竞争优势和技术变迁分析[J].世界经济,2008(3):3-11.
[9]杨汝岱,姚洋.有限赶超与经济增长[J].经济研究,2008(8):29-41.
[10]戴翔,金碚.产品内分工、制度质量与出口技术复杂度[J].经济研究,2014(7):4-17.
[11]张先锋,张敬松,张燕.劳工成本、双重创新效应与出口技术复杂度[J].国际贸易问题,2014(3):34-43.
[12]王永进,盛丹,施炳展,等.基础设施如何提升了出口技术复杂度?[J].经济研究,2010(7):103-115.
[13]VAN ASSCHE A.China's electronics exports:just a standard trade theory case[J].Policy Options,2006(127):79-82.
[14]姚洋,张晔.中国出口品国内技术含量升级的动态研究[J].中国社会科学,2008(2):67-82.
[15]NAUGHTON B.The Chinese economy:transitions and growth[M].London:Cambridge MIT Press,2007:402-423.
[16]文东伟,洗国明,马静.FDI、产业变迁与中国的出口竞争力[J].管理世界,2009(4):96-107.
[17]陈俊聪,黄繁华.对外直接投资与出口技术复杂度[J].世界经济研究,2013(11):74-81.
[18]齐俊妍,王永进,施炳展,等.金融发展与出口技术复杂度[J].世界经济,2011(7):91-118.
[19]陈晓华,黄先海,刘慧.中国出口技术结构演进的机理与实证研究[J].管理世界,2011(3):44-57.
[20]祝树金,戢璇,傅晓岚.出口品技术水平的决定性因素:来自跨国面板数据的证据[J].世界经济,2010(4):28-46.
[21]郑展鹏,王洋东.国际技术溢出、人力资本与出口技术复杂度[J].经济学家,2017(1):97-104.
[22]杨俊,李平.要素市场扭曲、国际技术溢出与出口技术复杂度[J].国际贸易问题,2017(3):51-62.
[23]鲁晓东.技术升级与中国出口竞争力变迁:从微观向宏观的弥合[J].世界经济,2014(8):70-97.
[24]杨晶晶,于意,王华.出口技术结构测度及其影响因素——基于省际面板数据的研究[J].财贸研究,2013(4):75-82.
[25]方霞,陈志昂.不对称国际经济体系下的人民币汇率问题——一个劳动力评价视角[J].商业经济与管理,2005(12):46-50.
[26]陈志昂.东亚货币竞争性均衡与人民币货币锚效应[J].经济理论与经济管理,2008(4):5-10.
[27]BOND S R.Dynamic panel data models:a guide to Micro-Data methods and practice[J].Portuguese Economic Journal,2002,21(1):141-162.
[28]ANDERSSON M,EJERMO O.Technology specialization and the magnitude and quality of exports[J].Economics of Innovation&New Technology,2008,17(4):355-375.
[2]LALL S,WEISS J,ZHANG J.The“Sophistication”of exports:a new trade measure[J].World Development,2006,34(2):222-237.
[3]HAUSMANN R,HWANG J,RODRIK D.What you export matters[J].Journal of Economic Growth,2007,12(1):1-25.
[4]VAN ASSCHE A,GANGNES B.Electronics production upgrading:is China exceptional?[J].Applied Economics Letters,2010,17(5):477-482.
[5]RODRIK D.What's so special about China's exports[J].China and World Economy,2006(5):1-19.
[6]SCHOTT P K.The relative sophistication of Chinese exports[J].Economic Policy,2008,23(53):5-49.
[7]XU B,LU J Y.Foreign direct investment,processing trade,and the sophistication of China's exports[J].China Economic Review,2009,20(3):425-439.
[8]姚洋,章林峰.中国本土企业出口竞争优势和技术变迁分析[J].世界经济,2008(3):3-11.
[9]杨汝岱,姚洋.有限赶超与经济增长[J].经济研究,2008(8):29-41.
[10]戴翔,金碚.产品内分工、制度质量与出口技术复杂度[J].经济研究,2014(7):4-17.
[11]张先锋,张敬松,张燕.劳工成本、双重创新效应与出口技术复杂度[J].国际贸易问题,2014(3):34-43.
[12]王永进,盛丹,施炳展,等.基础设施如何提升了出口技术复杂度?[J].经济研究,2010(7):103-115.
[13]VAN ASSCHE A.China's electronics exports:just a standard trade theory case[J].Policy Options,2006(127):79-82.
[14]姚洋,张晔.中国出口品国内技术含量升级的动态研究[J].中国社会科学,2008(2):67-82.
[15]NAUGHTON B.The Chinese economy:transitions and growth[M].London:Cambridge MIT Press,2007:402-423.
[16]文东伟,洗国明,马静.FDI、产业变迁与中国的出口竞争力[J].管理世界,2009(4):96-107.
[17]陈俊聪,黄繁华.对外直接投资与出口技术复杂度[J].世界经济研究,2013(11):74-81.
[18]齐俊妍,王永进,施炳展,等.金融发展与出口技术复杂度[J].世界经济,2011(7):91-118.
[19]陈晓华,黄先海,刘慧.中国出口技术结构演进的机理与实证研究[J].管理世界,2011(3):44-57.
[20]祝树金,戢璇,傅晓岚.出口品技术水平的决定性因素:来自跨国面板数据的证据[J].世界经济,2010(4):28-46.
[21]郑展鹏,王洋东.国际技术溢出、人力资本与出口技术复杂度[J].经济学家,2017(1):97-104.
[22]杨俊,李平.要素市场扭曲、国际技术溢出与出口技术复杂度[J].国际贸易问题,2017(3):51-62.
[23]鲁晓东.技术升级与中国出口竞争力变迁:从微观向宏观的弥合[J].世界经济,2014(8):70-97.
[24]杨晶晶,于意,王华.出口技术结构测度及其影响因素——基于省际面板数据的研究[J].财贸研究,2013(4):75-82.
[25]方霞,陈志昂.不对称国际经济体系下的人民币汇率问题——一个劳动力评价视角[J].商业经济与管理,2005(12):46-50.
[26]陈志昂.东亚货币竞争性均衡与人民币货币锚效应[J].经济理论与经济管理,2008(4):5-10.
[27]BOND S R.Dynamic panel data models:a guide to Micro-Data methods and practice[J].Portuguese Economic Journal,2002,21(1):141-162.
[28]ANDERSSON M,EJERMO O.Technology specialization and the magnitude and quality of exports[J].Economics of Innovation&New Technology,2008,17(4):355-375.