《丛林猛兽》中马切尔的同性恋男性气质建构
|
摘要
亨利·詹姆斯《丛林猛兽》中的男主人公马切尔经常被解读为一个极度自我、错过爱情、没有活过的现代空心人形象,而其背后的深刻根源——预示他同性恋倾向的"猛兽"很少被深入探究。康奈尔的男性气质理论为解读马切尔复杂的同性恋男性气质建构提供了理论依据。在西方社会,异性恋主导的支配性男性气质一直得到男权制和主流文化的保障,面临双重压迫的马切尔表现出对异性恋男性的从属性男性气质,进而表现出对其女友梅的共谋性男性气质。他通过与梅的结盟实现与男权制的共谋,使自己看起来像正常男人,从而掩饰自己的同性恋倾向。詹姆斯在揭示20世纪初同性恋恐惧症严重性的同时,展现了男同性恋者作为少数群体的精神痛苦,并进一步探索了男性气质的多元化。
Marcher in Henry James' s The Beast in the Jungle has often been interpreted as the image of the modern hollow man who is extremely self-centralized and has missed his love and life. However,the deep root of the "beast"indicating his homosexuality has been rarely explored profoundly. Connell's theory of masculinities provides the theoretical basis for the further analysis of the complicated construction of Marcher's homosexual masculinities in this novella. In the Western society,the hegemony masculinity of heterosexuality is protected by the patriarchy and the dominant culture. Thus facing double limitations,Marcher obviously demonstrates the subordination of masculinity to the heterosexual men and the complicity of masculinity to his female companion-May. Through the complicity of masculinity,Marcher forms the alliance with May to make himself look like a normal heterosexual man in order to cover up his subordination of homosexual masculinity. Finally,James reveals the gravity of homophobia at the beginning of the twentieth century,meanwhile shows the agony of homosexual men as the minor group,and further explores the diversification of masculinities.
Marcher in Henry James' s The Beast in the Jungle has often been interpreted as the image of the modern hollow man who is extremely self-centralized and has missed his love and life. However,the deep root of the "beast"indicating his homosexuality has been rarely explored profoundly. Connell's theory of masculinities provides the theoretical basis for the further analysis of the complicated construction of Marcher's homosexual masculinities in this novella. In the Western society,the hegemony masculinity of heterosexuality is protected by the patriarchy and the dominant culture. Thus facing double limitations,Marcher obviously demonstrates the subordination of masculinity to the heterosexual men and the complicity of masculinity to his female companion-May. Through the complicity of masculinity,Marcher forms the alliance with May to make himself look like a normal heterosexual man in order to cover up his subordination of homosexual masculinity. Finally,James reveals the gravity of homophobia at the beginning of the twentieth century,meanwhile shows the agony of homosexual men as the minor group,and further explores the diversification of masculinities.
引文
康奈尔. 2003.男性气质[M].柳莉,张文霞,张美川,等译.北京:社会科学文献出版社.
詹姆斯. 2007.黛西·密勒——亨利·詹姆斯中篇小说选[M].赵萝蕤,巫宁神,杨岂深,译.上海:上海译文出版社.
DAVID V L. 1989. The Beast of the Closet:Homosociality and the Pathology of Manhood[J]. Critical Inquiry(3):587-605.
EUGENE G. 2003. What May Knew in“The Beast in the Jungle”[J]. Sewanee Review(1):116-127.
HENRY J. 2003. Tales of Henry James:The Texts of the Tales,the Author on His Craft,Criticism[M]. CHRISTOF W,HENRY B W(eds.). New York:W. W. Norton&Company,Inc..
JONN B. 2000. Henry James's Permanent Adolescence[M]. New York:Palgrave.
KATHY J G. 2011. John Marcher's Uncanny Unmanning in “The Beast in the Jungle”[C]∥ANNA D,KIMBERLY C R,(eds.). Henry James and the Supernatural. New York:Palgrave Macmillian.
KELLY C. 1994. Henry James and Masculinity:The Man at the Margins[M]. London:The Macmillan Press Ltd..
LEON E. 1977. The Life of Henry James[M]. London:Penguin Books Ltd..
SEDGWICK E K. 1986. The Beast in the Closet:James and the Writing of Homosexual Panic[C]∥RUTH B Y(ed.). Sex,Politics,and Science in the Nineteenth-Century Novel. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins.
詹姆斯. 2007.黛西·密勒——亨利·詹姆斯中篇小说选[M].赵萝蕤,巫宁神,杨岂深,译.上海:上海译文出版社.
DAVID V L. 1989. The Beast of the Closet:Homosociality and the Pathology of Manhood[J]. Critical Inquiry(3):587-605.
EUGENE G. 2003. What May Knew in“The Beast in the Jungle”[J]. Sewanee Review(1):116-127.
HENRY J. 2003. Tales of Henry James:The Texts of the Tales,the Author on His Craft,Criticism[M]. CHRISTOF W,HENRY B W(eds.). New York:W. W. Norton&Company,Inc..
JONN B. 2000. Henry James's Permanent Adolescence[M]. New York:Palgrave.
KATHY J G. 2011. John Marcher's Uncanny Unmanning in “The Beast in the Jungle”[C]∥ANNA D,KIMBERLY C R,(eds.). Henry James and the Supernatural. New York:Palgrave Macmillian.
KELLY C. 1994. Henry James and Masculinity:The Man at the Margins[M]. London:The Macmillan Press Ltd..
LEON E. 1977. The Life of Henry James[M]. London:Penguin Books Ltd..
SEDGWICK E K. 1986. The Beast in the Closet:James and the Writing of Homosexual Panic[C]∥RUTH B Y(ed.). Sex,Politics,and Science in the Nineteenth-Century Novel. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins.