稻草还田和不同耕作方式对直播稻田土壤理化性状及?经济效益的影响
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摘要
通过2 a的田间定位试验,研究了稻草还田结合不同耕作方式对直播稻田土壤的紧实度、容重、孔隙度、有机质含量、养分含量及水稻经济效益的影响。结果表明:稻草还田在一定程度上能改善土壤结构、提高土壤养分含量并增加水稻产量;稻草还田条件相同时,免耕使土壤紧实度和容重有所增加,但土壤有机质和养分含量高于翻耕处理,有一定保肥的作用;免耕虽然对水稻产量极其构成因素影响不显著,但由于节省了翻耕成本,经济效益得到了提升。因此,稻草还田结合免耕能取得良好的经济效益和生态效益,值得在湘西山地稻区推广。
The effects of straw returning and different tillage methods on soil compactness, bulk density, porosity, organic matter content,nutrient content and economic benefit of rice in direct seeding paddy field were studied through a two-year field positioning experiment.The results showed that straw returning could improve soil structure, increase soil nutrient content and rice yield to a certain extent. Under the same conditions, no-tillage increased soil compactness and bulk density, but the content of soil organic matter and nutrients was higher than that of tillage treatment, which had a certain role in fertilizer conservation. Although no-tillage had no significant impact on rice yield,its economic benefits were improved because of the saving of tillage costs. The combination of straw returning and no-tillage can achieve good economic and ecological benefits, which is worth popularizing in the western Hunan mountainous rice region.
The effects of straw returning and different tillage methods on soil compactness, bulk density, porosity, organic matter content,nutrient content and economic benefit of rice in direct seeding paddy field were studied through a two-year field positioning experiment.The results showed that straw returning could improve soil structure, increase soil nutrient content and rice yield to a certain extent. Under the same conditions, no-tillage increased soil compactness and bulk density, but the content of soil organic matter and nutrients was higher than that of tillage treatment, which had a certain role in fertilizer conservation. Although no-tillage had no significant impact on rice yield,its economic benefits were improved because of the saving of tillage costs. The combination of straw returning and no-tillage can achieve good economic and ecological benefits, which is worth popularizing in the western Hunan mountainous rice region.
引文
[1]刘崇斌. 2018湖南农村统计年鉴[M].长沙:中国统计出版社,2018.
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[3]林志强,江锦祥,徐惠波.少免耕栽培对马铃薯生长发育·产量及经济效益的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,(32):19703-19704.
[4]张爱武,鲁艳红,黄科延,等.免耕抛秧稻草还田技术在潜育化双季稻田中的应用效果[J].湖南农业科学,2014,(9):25-27.
[5]肖小平,李超,唐海明,等.秸秆还田下减氮增密对双季稻田土壤氮素库容及氮素利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报(中英文),2019(3):422-430.
[6]叶文培,谢小立,王凯荣,等.不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2008,22(1):65-70.
[7]黄秋玉,王才仁,袁箬裴,等.早稻秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对土壤理化性状及晚稻生产的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2015,(1):45-47.
[8]郭晓霞,刘景辉,张星杰,等.免耕对土壤物理性质及作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):38-42.
[9]Roth C H,Meyer B,Frede J G,et a1. Effect of mulch rates and tillage systems on infiltrability and other soil physical properties of an Oxisol in Paraná,Brazil[J]. Soil Tillage Res.,1988,11:81-91.
[10]路怡青,朱安宁,张佳宝,等.免耕和秸秆还田对小麦生长期内土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(3):329-334.
[11]郭晓霞,刘景辉,张星杰,等.免耕对土壤物理性质及作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):38-42.
[2]刘世平,聂新涛,张洪程,等.稻麦两熟条件下不同土壤耕作方式与秸秆还田效用分析[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):48-51.
[3]林志强,江锦祥,徐惠波.少免耕栽培对马铃薯生长发育·产量及经济效益的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,(32):19703-19704.
[4]张爱武,鲁艳红,黄科延,等.免耕抛秧稻草还田技术在潜育化双季稻田中的应用效果[J].湖南农业科学,2014,(9):25-27.
[5]肖小平,李超,唐海明,等.秸秆还田下减氮增密对双季稻田土壤氮素库容及氮素利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报(中英文),2019(3):422-430.
[6]叶文培,谢小立,王凯荣,等.不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2008,22(1):65-70.
[7]黄秋玉,王才仁,袁箬裴,等.早稻秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对土壤理化性状及晚稻生产的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2015,(1):45-47.
[8]郭晓霞,刘景辉,张星杰,等.免耕对土壤物理性质及作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):38-42.
[9]Roth C H,Meyer B,Frede J G,et a1. Effect of mulch rates and tillage systems on infiltrability and other soil physical properties of an Oxisol in Paraná,Brazil[J]. Soil Tillage Res.,1988,11:81-91.
[10]路怡青,朱安宁,张佳宝,等.免耕和秸秆还田对小麦生长期内土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(3):329-334.
[11]郭晓霞,刘景辉,张星杰,等.免耕对土壤物理性质及作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):38-42.