新自由主义背景下英国高等教育改革研究
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摘要
20世纪70年代,英国高等教育面临诸多困境,同时也被赋予振兴经济的重任。为此,撒切尔政府大力推行私有化改革,基于新自由主义理念与新经济政策变革高等教育系统,使其成为准市场的一部分,借此解决高等教育发展危机。撒切尔政府在准市场竞争环境、高等教育成本分担和国际化发展方面做了大量卓有成效的工作,政府各部门密切协作,保障高等教育实现转型发展。纵观这一时期及随后的英国高等教育发展历程,可以清晰地看出,英国高等教育改革和国际化发展的一系列路径特征:强调宏观管理,而不是行政干预;注重落实问责制,而不是放任发展;夯实内外部质量保证系统,而不是单纯以经济手段实行对质量的控制。这些特征充分说明英国政府对高等教育改革与高等教育质量变化的密切关注。
In the 1970s,British higher education faced many difficulties and was given the responsibility of revitalizing the economy. To this end,the Thatcher government vigorously promoted privatization reforms,reforming the higher education system based on neoliberal ideas and new economic policies,making it part of the quasi-market,thereby solving the crisis of higher education development. The Thatcher government has done a lot of fruitful work in quasi-market competition environment,higher education cost sharing and international development. The government departments work closely together to fully guarantee the transformation and development of higher education. Throughout this period and the subsequent development of British higher education,it can be clearly seen that a series of path characteristics of British higher education reform and international development: emphasis on macro management,rather than administrative intervention; focus on the implementation of accountability,and It is not a laissez-faire development; it simplifies internal and external quality assurance systems,rather than simply implementing economic quality control. These characteristics fully demonstrate the close attention of the British government to the higher education reform and higher education quality.
In the 1970s,British higher education faced many difficulties and was given the responsibility of revitalizing the economy. To this end,the Thatcher government vigorously promoted privatization reforms,reforming the higher education system based on neoliberal ideas and new economic policies,making it part of the quasi-market,thereby solving the crisis of higher education development. The Thatcher government has done a lot of fruitful work in quasi-market competition environment,higher education cost sharing and international development. The government departments work closely together to fully guarantee the transformation and development of higher education. Throughout this period and the subsequent development of British higher education,it can be clearly seen that a series of path characteristics of British higher education reform and international development: emphasis on macro management,rather than administrative intervention; focus on the implementation of accountability,and It is not a laissez-faire development; it simplifies internal and external quality assurance systems,rather than simply implementing economic quality control. These characteristics fully demonstrate the close attention of the British government to the higher education reform and higher education quality.
引文
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[2]佩德罗·泰克希拉等.理想还是现实———高等教育中的市场[M].胡咏梅,高玲等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2008:290.
[3]杨明.政府与市场———高等教育财政政策研究[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,2007:331-332.
[4]缪学超.布朗政府的高教改革:挑战与对策[J].湖南师范大学教育科学学报,2012(1).
[5]吕达,周满生.当代外国教育改革著名文献(英国卷·第一册)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2004:88.
[6]Williams Gareth,Changing Patterns of Finance in Higher Education[M]. Bucking ham:SRHE and Open University Press,1992:66.
[7]高路,林琳.变革中坚守传统———英国发达大学经验借鉴[J].高等农业教育,2015(11).
[8]曾满超,王美欣,蔺乐.美国、英国、澳大利亚的高等教育国际化[J].北京大学教育评论,2009(2).
[9]Universities UK. Statistics about International Staff Recruitment[EB/OL]. http://www. international. ac. uk,2011-08-06.
[10]Harry De Boer,Jeroen Huisman,Claudia MeisterScheytt. Supervision in “Modern” University Governance:Boards under Scrutiny[J]. Studies in Higher Education,2010(3).
[11]刘稳丰,陈坤杰.英国高等教育财政资源配置改革及借鉴———以市场化机制为视角[J].高等农业教育,2018(1).