中国—中东欧国家冰雪运动合作机制研究
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摘要
中东欧国家的冰雪运动实力较强,具备同中国开展合作的有利条件。以中捷冰球运动合作、中匈短道速滑合作为例,讨论了中东欧国家帮助中国的米卢—尤纳斯效应和中国帮助中东欧国家的张晶—刘少林效应。竞技上,促进对方水平提升;政治上,发展两国友好合作;"回溯"效应上,促进帮助方的体育发展。中国可以借助中东欧国家的经验提升冰雪运动竞技实力,并以16+1冰雪运动合作为突破口发展体育合作机制。中国要帮助中东欧国家提高短道速滑水平,并利用合作成就讲好中国故事。
The ice-snow sports are strong in Central and Eastern European Countries. Meanwhile, CEEC have favorable conditions for cooperation with China. Based on examples of Sino-Czech ice hockey cooperation and Sino-Hungary short-track speeding skating cooperation, this paper discusses Milutinovic-Jonas Effect of helping China and Zhang-Liu Effect of helping CEEC. In terms of competitive sports, the cooperation would help each other improve the competitive levels. Politically, the cooperation would develop friendly relations among China and CEEC. As the backtracking effect, the cooperation would promote the development of helper's sports. China should use CEEC's experience to improve the competitive strength of ice-snow sports. Moreover, China should develop a cooperation mechanism of sports by the breakthrough of 16+1 cooperation of ice-snow sports. China should help CEEC to improve their levels of short-track speeding skating and tell the world a Chinese story by the achievements of cooperation.
The ice-snow sports are strong in Central and Eastern European Countries. Meanwhile, CEEC have favorable conditions for cooperation with China. Based on examples of Sino-Czech ice hockey cooperation and Sino-Hungary short-track speeding skating cooperation, this paper discusses Milutinovic-Jonas Effect of helping China and Zhang-Liu Effect of helping CEEC. In terms of competitive sports, the cooperation would help each other improve the competitive levels. Politically, the cooperation would develop friendly relations among China and CEEC. As the backtracking effect, the cooperation would promote the development of helper's sports. China should use CEEC's experience to improve the competitive strength of ice-snow sports. Moreover, China should develop a cooperation mechanism of sports by the breakthrough of 16+1 cooperation of ice-snow sports. China should help CEEC to improve their levels of short-track speeding skating and tell the world a Chinese story by the achievements of cooperation.
引文
[1] 徐刚.中国与中东欧国家关系:新阶段、新挑战与新思路[J].现代国际关系,2015(2):39.
[2] Grants J,Belousa I,Kravalis I,et al.Qualitative research on dual career for professional athletes in Latvia:inductive approach[C]//20th European Fair Play Movement congress.Riga,Latvia,2014-10-10.
[3] 朱晓中.中国—中东欧合作:特点与改进方向[J].国际问题研究,2017(3):41.
[4] 中国—中东欧国家合作里加纲要[N].人民日报,2016-11-07(9).
[5] Dobay B,Banhidi M.Sport tourism development in Slovakia[J].Palestrica of the Third Millennium Civilization & Sport,2012,13(1):19.
[6] 邱招义,陶永纯,周瑾,等.我国2022冬奥会战略选择及项目布局的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(9):126.
[7] 中共中央文献研究室.毛泽东年谱(1949—1976)第三卷[M].北京:中央文献出版社,2013:524.
[8] 王晓亮,王帅,成盼攀.“互联网+”视域下中国冰球运动泛文化发展研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(11):16.
[9] Li H X,Nauright J.Boosting ice hockey in China:political economy,mega-events and community[J].Sport in Society,2018:21(8):1185.
[10] 蒋爽.我市冰球人才培养踏实前行[N].齐齐哈尔日报,2017-07-06(2).
[11] 孙超.捷克之“重”——访捷克驻华大使贝德日赫·科佩茨基[J].中国发展观察,2017(4):29.
[12] 曹帅英.塞尔维亚新政府经济政策评析[J].俄罗斯中亚东欧市场,2013(4):67.
[13] 杜尚泽.习近平接受俄罗斯电视台专访[N].人民日报,2014-02-09(1).
[14] 刘作奎,鞠维伟.中国与捷克的战略伙伴关系:现状、前景、问题及对策[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2016:23.
[15] 孙海光.哥俩都说自己也是中国人[N].新京报,2018-02-24(14).
[16] Cabinet Office of the Prime Minister.Prime Minister Viktor Orbán said thank you for historic gold medal[EB/OL].(2018-02-23)[2018-10-15].www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/prime-minister-viktor-orban-said-thank-you-for-historic-gold-medal.
[17] 邢博.构建中国在中东欧地区舆论新格局[M].北京:中国国际广播出版社,2014:151.
[18] 门镜,奥尔贝特索娃.中国与欧盟的相互认知:媒体的视角[M].李靖堃,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017:3.
[19] Tomik R,Kosmala G,Ardenska A.Active sport tourism in Poland:environmental condition and motivational aspect[J].European Journal of Geography,2017,8(1):129.
[20] 宋俊敏,孙永明.北京冬奥会面临的公共外交挑战及价值实现[J].河北体育学院学报,2018,32(5):53.
[21] Fourie J,Santana-Gallego M.The impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals[J].Tourism Management,2011,32(6):1364.
① 在1994年的利勒哈默尔冬奥会中,刚刚开始转型的中东欧国家表现欠佳,仅有斯洛文尼亚在高山滑雪项目中收获3枚铜牌。在本文的统计中,一般从1998年长野冬奥会开始计算。
② 中国国家队的李琰教练也曾在斯洛伐克执教,从而为其回国后取得成绩打下了良好基础。
③ 使用自然对数的原因在于,2018年3月22日武大靖夺冠后的百度指数过高,使用原始数据作图难以观察其他日期发生的变化。
④ 中东欧国家的滑雪场与国内滑雪场并不存在冲突。游客前往中东欧国家更多的是以旅游为主、滑雪为辅,基本不会对国内滑雪场的客源造成影响。
[2] Grants J,Belousa I,Kravalis I,et al.Qualitative research on dual career for professional athletes in Latvia:inductive approach[C]//20th European Fair Play Movement congress.Riga,Latvia,2014-10-10.
[3] 朱晓中.中国—中东欧合作:特点与改进方向[J].国际问题研究,2017(3):41.
[4] 中国—中东欧国家合作里加纲要[N].人民日报,2016-11-07(9).
[5] Dobay B,Banhidi M.Sport tourism development in Slovakia[J].Palestrica of the Third Millennium Civilization & Sport,2012,13(1):19.
[6] 邱招义,陶永纯,周瑾,等.我国2022冬奥会战略选择及项目布局的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(9):126.
[7] 中共中央文献研究室.毛泽东年谱(1949—1976)第三卷[M].北京:中央文献出版社,2013:524.
[8] 王晓亮,王帅,成盼攀.“互联网+”视域下中国冰球运动泛文化发展研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(11):16.
[9] Li H X,Nauright J.Boosting ice hockey in China:political economy,mega-events and community[J].Sport in Society,2018:21(8):1185.
[10] 蒋爽.我市冰球人才培养踏实前行[N].齐齐哈尔日报,2017-07-06(2).
[11] 孙超.捷克之“重”——访捷克驻华大使贝德日赫·科佩茨基[J].中国发展观察,2017(4):29.
[12] 曹帅英.塞尔维亚新政府经济政策评析[J].俄罗斯中亚东欧市场,2013(4):67.
[13] 杜尚泽.习近平接受俄罗斯电视台专访[N].人民日报,2014-02-09(1).
[14] 刘作奎,鞠维伟.中国与捷克的战略伙伴关系:现状、前景、问题及对策[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2016:23.
[15] 孙海光.哥俩都说自己也是中国人[N].新京报,2018-02-24(14).
[16] Cabinet Office of the Prime Minister.Prime Minister Viktor Orbán said thank you for historic gold medal[EB/OL].(2018-02-23)[2018-10-15].www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/prime-minister-viktor-orban-said-thank-you-for-historic-gold-medal.
[17] 邢博.构建中国在中东欧地区舆论新格局[M].北京:中国国际广播出版社,2014:151.
[18] 门镜,奥尔贝特索娃.中国与欧盟的相互认知:媒体的视角[M].李靖堃,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017:3.
[19] Tomik R,Kosmala G,Ardenska A.Active sport tourism in Poland:environmental condition and motivational aspect[J].European Journal of Geography,2017,8(1):129.
[20] 宋俊敏,孙永明.北京冬奥会面临的公共外交挑战及价值实现[J].河北体育学院学报,2018,32(5):53.
[21] Fourie J,Santana-Gallego M.The impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals[J].Tourism Management,2011,32(6):1364.
① 在1994年的利勒哈默尔冬奥会中,刚刚开始转型的中东欧国家表现欠佳,仅有斯洛文尼亚在高山滑雪项目中收获3枚铜牌。在本文的统计中,一般从1998年长野冬奥会开始计算。
② 中国国家队的李琰教练也曾在斯洛伐克执教,从而为其回国后取得成绩打下了良好基础。
③ 使用自然对数的原因在于,2018年3月22日武大靖夺冠后的百度指数过高,使用原始数据作图难以观察其他日期发生的变化。
④ 中东欧国家的滑雪场与国内滑雪场并不存在冲突。游客前往中东欧国家更多的是以旅游为主、滑雪为辅,基本不会对国内滑雪场的客源造成影响。