石炭二叠系火成岩侵入区特厚煤层采区停采煤柱合理宽度研究
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摘要
根据塔山煤矿石炭二叠系不同层位煤岩层受火成岩侵入的地质情况,运用Flac3D数值模拟软件对不同覆岩类型条件下特厚煤层停采煤柱合理留设宽度进行探讨;对采动影响下不同覆岩类型停采煤柱内部应力、尤其对大巷围岩垂直应力及超前支承压力等矿压特征差异进行分析。结果表明:1)无火成岩侵入下停采煤柱宽度为150～155 m,三层火成岩侵入下停采煤柱宽度为135～140m,单层侵入与双层侵入类型居于二者之间。煤岩层受侵入形成坚硬岩层越多,应力于煤柱弹性区衰减速率也较大,大巷围岩受扰动较弱,需留设停采煤柱宽度较小。2)巷道围岩应力场受扰动影响后,煤柱弹性区应力最低点的应力及大巷围岩最大垂直应力(及应力集中系数)会显著增大,大巷围岩最大垂直应力集中系数以二次函数关系随煤柱宽度减小而增大。3)特厚煤层坚硬岩层与高低位关键层的相对位置不同,对采场矿压显现影响程度不同。
Based on the geological conditions of different carboniferous permian coal/rock layers affected by igneous rock intrusion in Tashan coalmine, the reasonable width of end-mining coal pillar in extra-thick coal seam corresponding to different overburden types were investigated by using the Flac3 D numerical simulation software. The internal stress change of end-mining coal pillar, particularly, the vertical stress and abutment pressure distribution around roadway with different overburden types, were analyzed. Results show that: 1) The width of end-mining coal pillar without igneous intrusion is 150-155 m, while the width of that coal pillar with three-layer igneous intrusion is 135-140 m. The width of end-mining coal pillar with single or double layer igneous intrusion are between 135-140 m and 150-155 m. With the increase in hard layers resulted from the inrushed igneous, the attenuating rate in elastic zone of coal pillar becomes greater, which indicates that the influence of rock strata around roadway is weaker and the width of end-mining coal pillar is smaller. 2) The minimum stress in elastic zone of coal pillar and the maximum stress around roadway(and stress concentration factor) increase significantly with the decrease in coal pillar width. The maximum vertical stress concentration factor around roadway increases following a quadratic function. 3) There is a position difference between the hard strata and key strata, which results in the different effects on the mining pressure.
Based on the geological conditions of different carboniferous permian coal/rock layers affected by igneous rock intrusion in Tashan coalmine, the reasonable width of end-mining coal pillar in extra-thick coal seam corresponding to different overburden types were investigated by using the Flac3 D numerical simulation software. The internal stress change of end-mining coal pillar, particularly, the vertical stress and abutment pressure distribution around roadway with different overburden types, were analyzed. Results show that: 1) The width of end-mining coal pillar without igneous intrusion is 150-155 m, while the width of that coal pillar with three-layer igneous intrusion is 135-140 m. The width of end-mining coal pillar with single or double layer igneous intrusion are between 135-140 m and 150-155 m. With the increase in hard layers resulted from the inrushed igneous, the attenuating rate in elastic zone of coal pillar becomes greater, which indicates that the influence of rock strata around roadway is weaker and the width of end-mining coal pillar is smaller. 2) The minimum stress in elastic zone of coal pillar and the maximum stress around roadway(and stress concentration factor) increase significantly with the decrease in coal pillar width. The maximum vertical stress concentration factor around roadway increases following a quadratic function. 3) There is a position difference between the hard strata and key strata, which results in the different effects on the mining pressure.
引文
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[16]文志杰,汤建泉,王洪彪.大采高采场力学模型及支架工作状态研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊1):42-46.WEN Zhijie,TANG Jianquan,WANG Hongbiao.Study on mechanical model and hydraulic support working state in mining face with large mining height[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(Sup 1):42-46.
[17]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(5):463-467.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Method to distinguish key strata in overburden[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(5):463-467.
[2]黄庆国,孔令海.特厚煤层综放开采实践与矿压规律研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2011:42-44.
[3]张宏伟,朱志洁,霍利杰,等.特厚煤层综放开采覆岩破坏高度[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(5):816-821.ZHANG Hongwei,ZHU Zhijie,HUO Lijie,et al.Overburden failure height of super high seam by fully mechanized caving method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(5):816-821.
[4]GUO J,FENG G R,WANG P F,et al.Roof strata behavior and support resistance determination for ultrathick longwall top coal caving panel:a case study of the Tashan coal mine[J].Energies,2018,11(5):1041.
[5]FENG G R,WANG P F,CHUGH Y P.Stability of gate roads next to an irregular yield pillar:a case study[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2018,50:1-20.
[6]彭林军,张东峰,郭志飚,等.特厚煤层小煤柱沿空掘巷数值分析及应用[J].岩土力学,2013,34(12):3609-3616,3632.PENG Linjun,ZHANG Dongfeng,GUO Zhibiao,et al.Numerical analysis of thick coal seam small pillar along gob roadway and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(12):3609-3616,3632.
[7]孔令海,姜福兴,刘杰,等.特厚煤层综放工作面区段煤柱合理宽度的微地震监测[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(7):871-874.KONG Linghai,JIANG Fuxing,LIU Jie,et al.Highprecision micro seismic monitoring system to reasonable width of segment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(7):871-874.
[8]成云海,姜福兴,庞继禄.特厚煤层综放开采采空区侧向矿压特征及应用[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(7):1088-1093.CHENG Yunhai,JIANG Fuxing,PANG Jilu.Research on lateral strata pressure characteristic in goaf of top coal caving in extra thick coal seam and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(7):1088-1093.
[9]孙兴忠,王涛.大采高综放工作面停采线煤柱合理宽度研究[J],山东煤炭科技,2015,11(3):21-23.SUN Xingzhong,WANG Tao.Study the large mining height of end-mining coal pillar of fully mechanized caving in extra-thick coal seam[J].Shandong Coal Science and Technology,2015,11(3):21-23.
[10]韩吉宏,李超,杨荣.深部矿井合理停采线煤柱尺寸研究[J].山东煤炭科技,2015,11(5):9-11.HAN Jihong,LI Chao,YANG Rong.Study on the reasonable size of coal pillar of the stop mining line of in deep mine[J].Shandong Coal Science and Technology,2015,11(5):9-11.
[11]陈科,柏建彪,胡忠超,等.超前支承压力对下山的影响分析及合理停采线位置确定[J].煤矿开采,2010,15(1):35-37.CHEN Ke,BAI Jianbiao,HU Zhongchao,et al.Analysis of influence of advance abutment pressure on dip and rational end-mining line selection[J].Coal Mining Technology,2010,15(1):35-37.
[12]孙建,侯化强,王连国.综放工作面停采线合理位置确定[J].煤矿安全,2013,44(3):44-47.SUN Jian,HOU Huaqiang,WANG Lianguo.Determination of stop mining line rational position at fully mechanized mining face[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2013,44(3):44-47.
[13]杨永杰,段会强,刘传孝,等.考虑长期稳定性的深井采区上山保护煤柱合理留设[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(5):921-927.YANG Yongjie,DUAN Huiqiang,LIU Chuanxiao,et al.Reasonable design of coal barrier pillar of roadway in deep mining considering long-term stability[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(5):921-927.
[14]鲁岩,樊胜强,邹喜正.工作面超前支承压力分布规律[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2008,27(2):184-187.LU Yan,FAN Shengqiang,ZOU Xizheng.Distributing law of advanced abutment pressure in working face[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2008,27(2):184-187.
[15]朱洪利.上下山护巷煤柱合理尺寸选取的研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2015.
[16]文志杰,汤建泉,王洪彪.大采高采场力学模型及支架工作状态研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊1):42-46.WEN Zhijie,TANG Jianquan,WANG Hongbiao.Study on mechanical model and hydraulic support working state in mining face with large mining height[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(Sup 1):42-46.
[17]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(5):463-467.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Method to distinguish key strata in overburden[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(5):463-467.