从植物皮类中药药性特点探析“以皮治皮”理论
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摘要
目的:从植物皮类中药入手,分析其药性及应用特点,探析"以皮治皮"理论内涵。方法:对《中华本草》进行逐条筛选,梳理出此部分药物在"皮病"方面的应用,并总结其药性特点,分析此类药物用于"皮病"的用药思想。结果:可用治疮疡、跌打肿痛、水肿、虫蛇咬伤、烧烫伤、刀枪伤等的"皮病"植物药有450味,占比74.5%;其中以用于外科病证、伤科中的跌打肿痛以及内科中的水肿者为最多。用治疮疡的药物多性寒凉、味苦,清热解毒、通利血脉而疗疮痈;用治跌打损伤者,多味辛、苦,性温,有行气活血、温经止痛的功效;治疗水肿的药物寒热属性相当,味辛、苦居多,既能温中行气、清热除湿,又能通调水道、利水消肿。结论:用于治疗"皮病"的多为树皮、枝皮、根皮等草木皮,治疗的"皮病"主要有疮疡、跌打损伤和水肿。"以皮治皮"不只是对病位的界定,亦可指对标本治疗效果的界定,植物皮药大多作用于外在、初期,即对"标"的治疗,之后仍需配伍补虚药物来达到标本兼治的目的。
Objective:To analyze the medicinal properties and application characteristics of Chinese medicine of herbal cortex and determine the theory of "treating skin disease with herbal cortex". Methods:Chinese herbal cortex of Chinese herbal medicine was screened one by one,combing the application of Chinese medicine in "skin disease" and summarizing the characteristics of medicinal properties so as to analyze the application idea and mechanism of herbal cortex in treating skin diseases. Results:There were450 kinds of herbal cortex used in treating skin diseases such as sore,bruises,swelling,pain,edema,insect snake bites,burns,gunshot wounds,etc. accounting for 74.5%,and the most commonly used in surgical diseases,swelling and pain in department of traumatology,and edema in internal medicine. The herbs used to treat sore are mainly cold and cool in nature and bitter in taste and can clear away heat and toxins,promote blood circulation and cure carbuncle. Herbals used to treat traumatic injuries are mainly spicy and bitter in taste and warm in nature and have the effect of promoting qi and activating blood circulation,warming meridian and relieving pain. The herbs for treating edema are cold or heat in nature,mainly pungent and bitter in taste and can warm the middle and promote qi movement,clear away heat and remove dampness,and regulate the water passage to treat edema. Conclusions:Herbs used in the treatment of skin disease are mainly cortex such as tree bark,branch bark and root bark. And the "skin diseases" mainly include sore,bruises,swelling,pain and edema. "Treating skin disease with herbal cortex"is not only a definition of the disease location,but also a definition of the therapeutic effect of the root and the branch. Most herbal cortex is only used externally and in the early stage,i.e. treating the "branch". After that,it is still necessary to combine the reinforcing deficiency medicine to treat the root and the branch simultaneously.
Objective:To analyze the medicinal properties and application characteristics of Chinese medicine of herbal cortex and determine the theory of "treating skin disease with herbal cortex". Methods:Chinese herbal cortex of Chinese herbal medicine was screened one by one,combing the application of Chinese medicine in "skin disease" and summarizing the characteristics of medicinal properties so as to analyze the application idea and mechanism of herbal cortex in treating skin diseases. Results:There were450 kinds of herbal cortex used in treating skin diseases such as sore,bruises,swelling,pain,edema,insect snake bites,burns,gunshot wounds,etc. accounting for 74.5%,and the most commonly used in surgical diseases,swelling and pain in department of traumatology,and edema in internal medicine. The herbs used to treat sore are mainly cold and cool in nature and bitter in taste and can clear away heat and toxins,promote blood circulation and cure carbuncle. Herbals used to treat traumatic injuries are mainly spicy and bitter in taste and warm in nature and have the effect of promoting qi and activating blood circulation,warming meridian and relieving pain. The herbs for treating edema are cold or heat in nature,mainly pungent and bitter in taste and can warm the middle and promote qi movement,clear away heat and remove dampness,and regulate the water passage to treat edema. Conclusions:Herbs used in the treatment of skin disease are mainly cortex such as tree bark,branch bark and root bark. And the "skin diseases" mainly include sore,bruises,swelling,pain and edema. "Treating skin disease with herbal cortex"is not only a definition of the disease location,but also a definition of the therapeutic effect of the root and the branch. Most herbal cortex is only used externally and in the early stage,i.e. treating the "branch". After that,it is still necessary to combine the reinforcing deficiency medicine to treat the root and the branch simultaneously.
引文
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[4]谭新华,陆德铭.中医外科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1999:14-27.
[5]灵枢经[M].田代华,刘更生,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:166.
[6]王千怀,张波.古今图书集成医部全录精要[M].贵阳:贵州科学技术出版社,2007:407.
[7]缪希雍.神农本草经疏[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2013:211.
[8]黄帝内经素问[M].田代华,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:188.
[9]李时珍.本草纲目(金陵版排印本)[M]. 2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1750.
[10]齐德之.外科精义[M].胡晓峰,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:78.
[11]高秉钧,刘涓子,龚庆宣.疡科心得集[M].田代华,田鹏,金星,点校.天津:天津科学技术出版社,2004:43.
[12]郑怀贤.伤科诊疗[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1962:319-387.
[13]薛己.薛氏医案选[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1983:242.
[14]陈实功.外科正宗[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:44.
[15]阙再忠,孙承禄.中医骨伤科古医籍选[M]. 2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1992:164.
[16]施杞,王和鸣.骨伤科学(上)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2001:19-21.
[17]单文钵,丁继华.中医骨伤科荟萃[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1986:60,62.
[18]王永炎,鲁兆麟.中医内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1999:637-641.
[19]李任先.中医内科五脏病学[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2001:938.
[20]刘完素.素问玄机原病式[M].石学文,点校.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1997:5.
[21]龙声志,吴贤波.“以皮治皮”理论源流及研究进展[J].中医杂志,2017,58(24):2147-2150.