混凝土重力坝的耐震时程损伤指标分析方法
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摘要
为了获得混凝土重力坝在强地震动作用下的损伤情况,基于耐震时程法提出了一种损伤指标分析方法。耐震时程分析(ETA)法表征了耐震时程与峰值加速度的线性增长关系,可以获得坝体在不同峰值加速度下的动力响应。依据耐震时程分析法的基本理论,合成了一组耐震时程加速度曲线;建立KOYNA混凝土重力坝有限元模型,以耐震时程加速度曲线作为坝体基底输入,通过谐响应分析方法得到了KOYNA混凝土重力坝在ETA激励下响应随峰值加速度变化的频谱曲线;采用坝体顶部中点和下游折坡点作为主要特征点,分析主要特征点的不同指标(位移、应变、加速度响应、固有周期)与耗散能、损伤体积的拟合关系,提出了可以宏观刻画坝体损伤扩展情况的损伤指标——响应频谱差面积。研究结果表明,坝体顶部中点位移频谱差面积和一阶频率的固有周期可以很好地表征坝体的损伤情况,且具有良好的精度,为工程设计提供了可靠的依据。
In this paper,the damage factor analysis method based on endurance time analysis(ETA)method is proposed to acquire concrete gravity dam′s damage condition under the strong ground motions.Endurance time analysis method aims to character how the ground motions increase with time,which can simulate the dam′s dynamic responses in the different peak accelerations.According to the theory of endurance time analysis method,agroup of endurance time accelerations are synthesized.The finite element model of KOYNA concrete gravity dam is established,and the endurance time accelerations are used as the input of the dam base,and the evolutionary process of different damage factors of KOYNA concrete gravity dam along with the peak acceleration under ETA motions are acquired by harmonic response analysis.The top midpoint and slope of the downstream of the dam is taken as the main feature points which aims to analyze the relationship between the different indexes(displacement,strain,acceleration response and natural period)and the dissipation energy and damage volume to obtain the damage factor,i.e.the response spectrum non-overlap area(RSNA),which can depict the historic extension of the dam factor macroscopically.The results show that the RSNA for the horizontal displacement at the top midpoint of the dam and the natural period are good factors to characterize the damage of the dam,which also manifest good accuracy.These factors provide the reliable basis of engineering practice.
In this paper,the damage factor analysis method based on endurance time analysis(ETA)method is proposed to acquire concrete gravity dam′s damage condition under the strong ground motions.Endurance time analysis method aims to character how the ground motions increase with time,which can simulate the dam′s dynamic responses in the different peak accelerations.According to the theory of endurance time analysis method,agroup of endurance time accelerations are synthesized.The finite element model of KOYNA concrete gravity dam is established,and the endurance time accelerations are used as the input of the dam base,and the evolutionary process of different damage factors of KOYNA concrete gravity dam along with the peak acceleration under ETA motions are acquired by harmonic response analysis.The top midpoint and slope of the downstream of the dam is taken as the main feature points which aims to analyze the relationship between the different indexes(displacement,strain,acceleration response and natural period)and the dissipation energy and damage volume to obtain the damage factor,i.e.the response spectrum non-overlap area(RSNA),which can depict the historic extension of the dam factor macroscopically.The results show that the RSNA for the horizontal displacement at the top midpoint of the dam and the natural period are good factors to characterize the damage of the dam,which also manifest good accuracy.These factors provide the reliable basis of engineering practice.
引文
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[14]王超,张社荣,王高辉.主余震地震序列下重力坝损伤演化及能量特征[J].地震工程与工程振动,2013,33(5):50-56.Wang Chao,Zhang Sherong,Wang Gaohui.Damage evolution and energy dissipation characters of gravity dam under main shock-aftershock earthquake sequences[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,33(5):50-56.
[15]冯伟.应用于结构健康监测的压电阻抗技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.Feng Wei.Research on piezoelectric impedance technology for structural health monitoring[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2007.
[16]Ansari M I,Agarwal P.Categorization of damage index of concrete gravity dam for the health monitoring after earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2016,20(8):1222-1238.
[17]Elenas A,Meskouris K.Correlation study between seismic acceleration parameters and damage indices of structures[J].Engineering Structures,2001,23:698-704.
[2]陈厚群.当前我国水工抗震中的主要问题和发展动态[J].振动工程学报,1997,10(3):253-257.Chen Houqun.The main problems and developments in seismic studies on hydraulic structures in China[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,1997,10(3):253-257.
[3] Hariri-Ardebili M A,Zarringhalam Y,Estekanchi H E,et al.Nonlinear seismic assessment of steel moment frames using time-history,incremental dynamic,and endurance time analysis methods[J].Scientia Iranica,2013,20(3):431-444.
[4] Valamanesh V,Estekanchi H E,Vafai A,et al.Application of the endurance time method in seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams[J].Scientia Iranica,2011,18(3):326-337.
[5]白绍良,黄宗明,肖明葵.结构抗震设计的能量分析方法研究述评[J].建筑结构,1997,(4):54-58.
[6]王振宇,刘晶波.建筑结构地震损伤评估的研究进展[J].世界地震工程,2001,17(3):43-48.Wang Zhenyu,Liu Jingbo.The advances of studies on seismic damage assessment of building structures[J].World Information on Earthquake Engineering,2001,17(3):43-48.
[7]邱战洪,张我华,任廷鸿.地震荷载作用下大坝系统的非线性动力损伤分析[J].水利学报,2005,36(5):0629-0636.Qiu Zhanhong,Zhang Wohua,Ren Tinghong.Nonlinear dynamic damage analysis of dam and rock foundation under the action of earthquake[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(5):0629-0636.
[8]杜成斌,苏擎柱.混凝土坝地震动力损伤分析[J].工程力学,2003,20(5):170-173.Du Chengbin,Su Qingzhu.Dynamic damage of concrete gravity dams under earthquake excitation[J].Engineering Mechanics,2003,20(5):170-173.
[9]杜荣强,林皋,胡志强.混凝土重力坝动力弹塑性损伤安全评价[J].水利学报,2006,37(9):1056-1062.Du Rongqiang,Lin Gao,Hu Zhiqiang.Safety assessment of concrete gravity dams based on dynamic elastoplastic-damage analysis[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(9):1056-1062.
[10]沈怀至,张楚汉,寇立夯.基于功能的混凝土重力坝地震破坏评价模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,47(12):2114-2118.Shen Huaizhi,Zhang Chuhan,Kou Lihang.Performance-based seismic damage assessment model for concrete gravity dams[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2007,47(12):2114-2118.
[11]寇立夯,金峰,张楚汉,等.重力坝地震整体损伤指数的初步探索[J].中国水利,2008,(11):28-30.Kou Lihang,Jin Feng,Zhang Chuhan,et al.Exploratory development of global seismic damage indices of concrete gravity dam[J].China Water Resources,2008,(11):28-30.
[12]邵长江,钱永久.Koyna混凝土重力坝的塑性地震损伤响应分析[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(4):129-131.Shao Changjiang,Qian Yongjiu.Seismic plastic damage response analysis of Koyna concrete gravity dam[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2006,25(4):129-131.
[13]Harris D W,Snorteland N,Dolen T,et al.Shaking table 2-D models of a concrete gravity dam[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2000,29:769-787.
[14]王超,张社荣,王高辉.主余震地震序列下重力坝损伤演化及能量特征[J].地震工程与工程振动,2013,33(5):50-56.Wang Chao,Zhang Sherong,Wang Gaohui.Damage evolution and energy dissipation characters of gravity dam under main shock-aftershock earthquake sequences[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,33(5):50-56.
[15]冯伟.应用于结构健康监测的压电阻抗技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.Feng Wei.Research on piezoelectric impedance technology for structural health monitoring[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2007.
[16]Ansari M I,Agarwal P.Categorization of damage index of concrete gravity dam for the health monitoring after earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2016,20(8):1222-1238.
[17]Elenas A,Meskouris K.Correlation study between seismic acceleration parameters and damage indices of structures[J].Engineering Structures,2001,23:698-704.