蔬果中残留农药的生物可给性及其膳食暴露评估研究进展
|
摘要
运用体外模拟方法从生物可给性方面评估污染物的膳食暴露风险已逐渐成为研究热点。膳食摄入是蔬菜水果中的农药残留危害人体健康的最为主要的暴露途径,研究蔬果中农药残留生物可给性对其膳食暴露的作用规律是当前农药残留健康风险分析亟待解决的科学问题。重点综述了基于农药残留分析测定生物可给性及其关键影响因子,介绍了不同营养成分强化下蔬果中农药残留的生物可给性,着重总结了饮食习惯对农药残留生物可给性的影响;在此基础上运用生物可给性评估蔬果中农药残留的膳食暴露评估,并对其研究今后的发展方向进行了展望。
The researches on using an in vitro test by simulating the human gastro-intestinal to evaluate the bioaccessibility of contaminant have been attached high importance in recent. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables create human health risk through dietary intake which is the most important exposure pathway. The influence of bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables on dietary exposure estimate has already become a scientific problem which needs solving urgently in human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in food. This issue reviewed the bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in raw fruits and vegetables and the influence factors. Also, the influence of nutrient content on the bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables was been summarized. At last, the prospect of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and related health risk assessment was proposed.
The researches on using an in vitro test by simulating the human gastro-intestinal to evaluate the bioaccessibility of contaminant have been attached high importance in recent. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables create human health risk through dietary intake which is the most important exposure pathway. The influence of bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables on dietary exposure estimate has already become a scientific problem which needs solving urgently in human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in food. This issue reviewed the bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in raw fruits and vegetables and the influence factors. Also, the influence of nutrient content on the bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables was been summarized. At last, the prospect of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and related health risk assessment was proposed.
引文
[1]YADAV I C,DEVI N L,SYED J H,et al.Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air,water,and soil,and their possible effect on neighboring countries:Acomprehensive review of India[J].Sci Total Environ,2015,511:123-137.
[2]HAN Y T,LIU S W,YANG J,et al.Residue behavior and processing factors of eight pesticides during the production of sorghum distilled spirits[J].Food Control,2016,69:250-255.
[3]WU L P,ZHOU X L,ZHAO D Y,et al.Seasonal variation and exposure risk assessment of pesticide residues in vegetables from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China during 2010-2014[J].J Food Compos Anal,2017,58:1-9.
[4]FOSU P O,DONKOR A,ZIWU C,et al.Surveillance of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Accra metropolis markets,Ghana,2010-2012:A case study in sub-saharan africa[J].Environ Sci Pollut R,2017,24(20):17187-17205.
[5]CHITINDINGU K,BENHURA M A N,MUCHUWETIM.In vitro bioaccessibility assessment of phenolic compounds from selected cereal grains:A prediction tool of nutritional efficiency[J].LWT-Food Sci Technol,2015,63(1):575-581.
[6]KIM J H,CHOI S G,KWON Y S,et al.Development of cabbage reference material for multi-residue pesticide analysis[J].Appl Biol Chem,2017,61(1):15-23.
[7]OZKAN K,SAGCAN N,OZULKU G,et al.Bioactive and bioaccessibility characteristics of honeybee pollens collected from different regions of Turkey[J].J Food Meas Charact,2018,12(1):581-587.
[8]LI R,LI D W,YAN A L,et al.The bioaccessibility of iodine in the biofortified vegetables throughout cooking and simulated digestion[J].J Sci Food Agr,2018,55(1):366-375.
[9]PEIXOTO R R A,DEVESA V,VéLEZ D,et al.Study of the factors influencing the bioaccessibility of 10 elements from chocolate drink powder[J].J Food Compos Anal2016,48:41-47.
[10]KRISHNAN R,MEERA M S.Assessment of inhibitory factors on bioaccessibility of iron and zinc in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum(L.)R.Br.)cultivars[J].J Sci Food Agr,2017,54(13):4378-4386.
[11]ZHU X D,YANG F,WEI C.Factors influencing the heavy metal bioaccessibility in soils were site dependent from different geographical locations[J].Environ Sc Pollut R,2015,22(18):13939-13949.
[12]RAMíREZ-OJEDA A M,MORENO-ROJAS RSEVILLANO-MORALES J,et al.Influence of dietary components on minerals and trace elements bioaccessible fraction in organic weaning food:a probabilistic assessment[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2017,243(4):639-650.
[13]YEBRA-PIMENTEL I,FERNáNDEZ-GONZáLEZ RMARTíNEZ-CARBALLO E,et al.A critical review abou the health risk assessment of PAHs and their metabolites in foods[J].Crit Rev Food Sci,2015,55(10):1383-1405.
[14]NYBOM I,WAISSI-LEINONEN G,M?ENP??K,et al Effects of activated carbon ageing in three PCBcontaminated sediments:sorption efficiency and secondary effects on Lumbriculus variegatus[J].Water Res,2015,85:413-421.
[15]LI C,SUN H,JUHASZ A L,et al.Predicting the relative bioavailability of DDT and its metabolites in historically contaminated soils using a Tenax-improved physiologically based extraction test(TI-PBET)[J]Environ Sci Technol,2016,50(3):1118-1125.
[16]KANG Y,PAN W J,LIANG S Y,et al.Assessment of relative bioavailability of heavy metals in soil using in vivo mouse model and its implication for risk assessment compared with bioaccessibility using in vitro assay[J].Environ Geochem Hlth,2016,38(5):1183-1191.
[17]LI S W,SUN H J,LI H B,et al.Assessment of cadmium bioaccessibility to predict its bioavailability in contaminated soils[J].Environ Int,2016,94:600-606.
[18]RODRIGUEZ R R,BASTA N T,CASTEEL S W,et al An in vitro gastrointestinal method to estimate bioavailable arsenic in contaminated soils and solid media[J].Environ Sci Technol,1999,33(4):642-649.
[19]OOMEN A G,HACK A,MINEKUS M,et al Comparison of five in vitro digestion models to study the bioaccessibility of soil contaminants[J].Environ Sci Technol,2002,36(15):3326-3334.
[20]YIN N Y,DU H L,ZHANG Z N,et al.Variability of arsenic bioaccessibility and metabolism in soils by human gut microbiota using different in vitro methods combined with SHIME[J].Sci Total Environ,2016,566:1670-1677.
[21]BUCH A C,BROWN G G,NIVA C C,et al.Toxicity of three pesticides commonly used in Brazil to Pontoscolex corethrurus(Müller,1857)and Eisenia andrei(Bouché,1972)[J].Appl Soil Ecol,2013,69:32-38.
[22]XU C,LIU Q,HUAN F,et al.Changes in gut microbiota may be early signs of liver toxicity induced by epoxiconazole in rats[J].Chemotherapy,2015,60(2):135-142.
[23]JIN C Y,ZENG Z Y,FU Z W,et al.Oral imazalil exposure induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and colonic inflammation in mice[J].Chemosphere,2016,160:349-358.
[24]VELMURUGAN G,RAMPRASATH T,SWAMINA-THAN K,et al.Gut microbial degradation of organophosphate insecticides-induces glucose intolerance via gluconeogenesis[J].Genome Biol,2017,18(1):8.
[25]SHI Y H,XIAO J J,FENG R P,et al.In-vitro bioaccessibility of five pyrethroids after human ingestion and the corresponding gastrointestinal digestion parameters:A contribution for human exposure assessments[J].Chemosphere,2017,182:517-524.
[26]SHI Y H,XIAO J J,FENG R P,et al.Factors affecting the bioaccessibility and intestinal transport of difenoconazole,hexaconazole,and spirodiclofen in human Caco-2 cells following in vitro digestion[J].J Agr Food Chem,2017,65(41):9139-9146.
[27]WUYTS B,RIETHORST D,BROUWERS J,et al.Evaluation of fasted state human intestinal fluid as apical solvent system in the Caco-2 absorption model and comparison with FaSSIF[J].Eur J Pharm Sci,2015,67:126-135.
[28]SABBOH-JOURDAN H,VALLA F,EPRILIATI I,et al.Organic acid bioavailability from banana and sweet potato using an in vitro digestion and Caco-2 cell model[J].Eur JClin Nutr,2011,50(1):31-40.
[29]LAIRD B D,WEISETH B,PACKULL-MCCORMICK SR,et al.Solid-liquid separation method governs the in vitro bioaccessibility of metals in contaminated soil-like test materials[J].Chemosphere,2015,134:544-549.
[30]FERRUZZA S,ROSSI C,SCARINO M L,et al.Aprotocol for differentiation of human intestinal Caco-2cells in asymmetric serum-containing medium[J].Toxicol In Vitro,2012,26(8):1252-1255.
[31]JOS A,PICHARDO S,PUERTO M,et al.Cytotoxicity of carboxylic acid functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2[J].Toxicol In Vitro,2009,23(8):1491-1496.
[32]徐瑾.应用体外胃肠模拟法对土壤中多氯联苯的生物有效性研究[D].南京:南京大学,2011.
[33]GOULIARMOU V,COLLINS C D,CHRISTIANSEN E,et al.Sorptive physiologically based extraction of contaminated solid matrices:incorporating silicone rod as absorption sink for hydrophobic organic contaminants[J].Environ Sci Technol,2012,47(2):941-948.
[34]付瑾,崔岩山.In vitro系统评价胃肠液pH及土液比对铅、镉、砷生物可给性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(2):245-251.
[35]YANG J K,BARNETT M O,JARDINE P M,et al.Factors controlling the bioaccessibility of arsenic(V)and lead(II)in soil[J].Soil Sediment Contam,2003,12(2):165-179.
[36]方勇,夏季,李红梅,等.基于体外模拟消化/Caco-2细胞模型测定大米中铅的生物有效性[J].食品科学,201637(16):199-204.
[37]XING G H,YANG Y,CHAN J K Y,et al.Bioaccessibility of polychlorinated biphenyls in different foods using an in vitro digestion method[J].Environ Pollut,2008,156(3):1218-1226.
[38]YU Y X,LI J L,ZHANG X Y,et al.Assessment of the bioaccessibility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in foods and the correlations of the bioaccessibility with nutrient contents[J].J Agr Food Chem,2009,58(1):301-308.
[39]YU Y X,HAN S Y,LI J L,et al.Factors affecting the bioaccessibility of polychlorinated biphenyls using in vitro test[C]//Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering,2009.ICBBE 2009.3rd International Conference on.IEEE,Beijing:2009:1-4.
[40]RUBY M V,DAVIS A,SCHOOF R,et al.Estimation of lead and arsenic bioavailability using a physiologically based extraction test[J].Environ Sci Technol,1996,30(2):422-430.
[41]陆敏,余应新,张东平,等.胡萝卜中滴滴涕对人体生物有效性影响因素的体外研究[J].环境化学,2009,28(2):220-224.
[42]GALáN I,GARCíA M L,SELGAS M D,et al.Effect of E-beam treatment on the bioaccessibility of folic acid incorporated to ready to eat meat products[J].LWT-Food Sci Technol,2014,59(1):547-552.
[43]LI H B,LI J,JUHASZ A L,et al.Correlation of in vivo relative bioavailability to in vitro bioaccessibility for arsenic in household dust from China and its implication for human exposure assessment[J].Environ Sci Technol,2014,48(23):13652-13659.
[44]LAIRD B D,VAN DE WIELE T R,CORRIVEAU M C,et al.Gastrointestinal microbes increase arsenic bioaccessibility of ingested mine tailings using the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem[J].Environ Sci Technol,2007,41(15):5542-5547.
[45]KANIAKORWEL I,LEHMLER H J.Chiral polychlorinated biphenyls:absorption,metabolism and excretion-a review.[J].Environ Sci Pollut R,2016,23(3):1-16.
[46]KANG Y,PAN W,LIANG S,et al.Assessment of relative bioavailability of heavy metals in soil using in vivo mouse model and its implication for risk assessment compared with bioaccessibility using in vitro assay[J].Environ Geochem Hlth,2016,38(5):1183-1191.
[47]夏建强,章明奎,符娟林.模拟胃酸环境下城市灰尘中铅的生物可给性[J].科技通报,2006,22(4):482-486.
[48]陆敏,张帆,韩姝媛,等.食物成分对胡萝卜中滴滴涕生物有效性的影响[J].食品科学,2009,30(13):44-47.
[49]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:314.
[50]CHEN M Y Y,WONG W W K,CHEN B L S,et al.Dietary exposure to organochlorine pesticide residues of the Hong Kong adult population from a total diet study[J].Food Addit Contam A,2015,32(3):342-351.
[51]KEIKOTLHAILE B M,SPANOGHE P,STEURBAUT W.Effects of food processing on pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables:a meta-analysis approach[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2010,48(1):1-6.
[52]PAYáP,MULERO J,OLIVA J,et al.Influence of the matrix in bioavailability of flufenoxuron,lufenuron,pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb residues in grapes and wine[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2013,60:419-423.
[53]CUI Y S,CHEN X C.Lead(Pb)and arsenic(As)bioaccessibility in various soils from south China[J].Environ Monit Assess,2011,177(1/2/3/4):481-492.
[54]LU Y,YIN W,HUANG L B,et al.Assessment of bioaccessibility and exposure risk of arsenic and lead in urban soils of Guangzhou City,China[J].Environ Geochem Hlth,2011,33(2):93-102.
[55]WEI X,HAN L F,GAO B,et al.Distribution,bioavailability,and potential risk assessment of the metals in tributary sediments of Three Gorges Reservoir:the impact of water impoundment[J].Ecol Indic,2016,61:667-675.
[56]LEE S,LEE B,KIM J,et al.Human risk assessment for heavy metals and as contamination in the abandoned metal mine areas,Korea[J].Environ Monit Assess,2006,119(1/2/3):233-244.
[57]SAHA S,HAZRA G C,SAHA B,et al.Assessment of heavy metals contamination in different crops grown in long-term sewage-irrigated areas of Kolkata,West Bengal,India[J].Environ Monit Assess,2015,187(1):4087.
[58]OMAR N A,PRAVEENA S M,ARIS A Z,et al.Health risk assessment using in vitro digestion model in assessing bioavailability of heavy metal in rice:A preliminary study[J].Food Chem,2015,188:46-50.
[59]ANTONIADIS V,SHAHEEN S M,BOERSCH J,et al.Bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in garden edible vegetables and soils around a highly contaminated former mining area in Germany[J].JEnviron Manage,2017,186:192-200.
[60]陆敏,韩姝媛,余应新,等.蔬菜中多溴联苯醚的定量测定及其对人体的生物有效性[J].分析测试学报,2009,28(1):1-6.
[2]HAN Y T,LIU S W,YANG J,et al.Residue behavior and processing factors of eight pesticides during the production of sorghum distilled spirits[J].Food Control,2016,69:250-255.
[3]WU L P,ZHOU X L,ZHAO D Y,et al.Seasonal variation and exposure risk assessment of pesticide residues in vegetables from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China during 2010-2014[J].J Food Compos Anal,2017,58:1-9.
[4]FOSU P O,DONKOR A,ZIWU C,et al.Surveillance of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Accra metropolis markets,Ghana,2010-2012:A case study in sub-saharan africa[J].Environ Sci Pollut R,2017,24(20):17187-17205.
[5]CHITINDINGU K,BENHURA M A N,MUCHUWETIM.In vitro bioaccessibility assessment of phenolic compounds from selected cereal grains:A prediction tool of nutritional efficiency[J].LWT-Food Sci Technol,2015,63(1):575-581.
[6]KIM J H,CHOI S G,KWON Y S,et al.Development of cabbage reference material for multi-residue pesticide analysis[J].Appl Biol Chem,2017,61(1):15-23.
[7]OZKAN K,SAGCAN N,OZULKU G,et al.Bioactive and bioaccessibility characteristics of honeybee pollens collected from different regions of Turkey[J].J Food Meas Charact,2018,12(1):581-587.
[8]LI R,LI D W,YAN A L,et al.The bioaccessibility of iodine in the biofortified vegetables throughout cooking and simulated digestion[J].J Sci Food Agr,2018,55(1):366-375.
[9]PEIXOTO R R A,DEVESA V,VéLEZ D,et al.Study of the factors influencing the bioaccessibility of 10 elements from chocolate drink powder[J].J Food Compos Anal2016,48:41-47.
[10]KRISHNAN R,MEERA M S.Assessment of inhibitory factors on bioaccessibility of iron and zinc in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum(L.)R.Br.)cultivars[J].J Sci Food Agr,2017,54(13):4378-4386.
[11]ZHU X D,YANG F,WEI C.Factors influencing the heavy metal bioaccessibility in soils were site dependent from different geographical locations[J].Environ Sc Pollut R,2015,22(18):13939-13949.
[12]RAMíREZ-OJEDA A M,MORENO-ROJAS RSEVILLANO-MORALES J,et al.Influence of dietary components on minerals and trace elements bioaccessible fraction in organic weaning food:a probabilistic assessment[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2017,243(4):639-650.
[13]YEBRA-PIMENTEL I,FERNáNDEZ-GONZáLEZ RMARTíNEZ-CARBALLO E,et al.A critical review abou the health risk assessment of PAHs and their metabolites in foods[J].Crit Rev Food Sci,2015,55(10):1383-1405.
[14]NYBOM I,WAISSI-LEINONEN G,M?ENP??K,et al Effects of activated carbon ageing in three PCBcontaminated sediments:sorption efficiency and secondary effects on Lumbriculus variegatus[J].Water Res,2015,85:413-421.
[15]LI C,SUN H,JUHASZ A L,et al.Predicting the relative bioavailability of DDT and its metabolites in historically contaminated soils using a Tenax-improved physiologically based extraction test(TI-PBET)[J]Environ Sci Technol,2016,50(3):1118-1125.
[16]KANG Y,PAN W J,LIANG S Y,et al.Assessment of relative bioavailability of heavy metals in soil using in vivo mouse model and its implication for risk assessment compared with bioaccessibility using in vitro assay[J].Environ Geochem Hlth,2016,38(5):1183-1191.
[17]LI S W,SUN H J,LI H B,et al.Assessment of cadmium bioaccessibility to predict its bioavailability in contaminated soils[J].Environ Int,2016,94:600-606.
[18]RODRIGUEZ R R,BASTA N T,CASTEEL S W,et al An in vitro gastrointestinal method to estimate bioavailable arsenic in contaminated soils and solid media[J].Environ Sci Technol,1999,33(4):642-649.
[19]OOMEN A G,HACK A,MINEKUS M,et al Comparison of five in vitro digestion models to study the bioaccessibility of soil contaminants[J].Environ Sci Technol,2002,36(15):3326-3334.
[20]YIN N Y,DU H L,ZHANG Z N,et al.Variability of arsenic bioaccessibility and metabolism in soils by human gut microbiota using different in vitro methods combined with SHIME[J].Sci Total Environ,2016,566:1670-1677.
[21]BUCH A C,BROWN G G,NIVA C C,et al.Toxicity of three pesticides commonly used in Brazil to Pontoscolex corethrurus(Müller,1857)and Eisenia andrei(Bouché,1972)[J].Appl Soil Ecol,2013,69:32-38.
[22]XU C,LIU Q,HUAN F,et al.Changes in gut microbiota may be early signs of liver toxicity induced by epoxiconazole in rats[J].Chemotherapy,2015,60(2):135-142.
[23]JIN C Y,ZENG Z Y,FU Z W,et al.Oral imazalil exposure induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and colonic inflammation in mice[J].Chemosphere,2016,160:349-358.
[24]VELMURUGAN G,RAMPRASATH T,SWAMINA-THAN K,et al.Gut microbial degradation of organophosphate insecticides-induces glucose intolerance via gluconeogenesis[J].Genome Biol,2017,18(1):8.
[25]SHI Y H,XIAO J J,FENG R P,et al.In-vitro bioaccessibility of five pyrethroids after human ingestion and the corresponding gastrointestinal digestion parameters:A contribution for human exposure assessments[J].Chemosphere,2017,182:517-524.
[26]SHI Y H,XIAO J J,FENG R P,et al.Factors affecting the bioaccessibility and intestinal transport of difenoconazole,hexaconazole,and spirodiclofen in human Caco-2 cells following in vitro digestion[J].J Agr Food Chem,2017,65(41):9139-9146.
[27]WUYTS B,RIETHORST D,BROUWERS J,et al.Evaluation of fasted state human intestinal fluid as apical solvent system in the Caco-2 absorption model and comparison with FaSSIF[J].Eur J Pharm Sci,2015,67:126-135.
[28]SABBOH-JOURDAN H,VALLA F,EPRILIATI I,et al.Organic acid bioavailability from banana and sweet potato using an in vitro digestion and Caco-2 cell model[J].Eur JClin Nutr,2011,50(1):31-40.
[29]LAIRD B D,WEISETH B,PACKULL-MCCORMICK SR,et al.Solid-liquid separation method governs the in vitro bioaccessibility of metals in contaminated soil-like test materials[J].Chemosphere,2015,134:544-549.
[30]FERRUZZA S,ROSSI C,SCARINO M L,et al.Aprotocol for differentiation of human intestinal Caco-2cells in asymmetric serum-containing medium[J].Toxicol In Vitro,2012,26(8):1252-1255.
[31]JOS A,PICHARDO S,PUERTO M,et al.Cytotoxicity of carboxylic acid functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2[J].Toxicol In Vitro,2009,23(8):1491-1496.
[32]徐瑾.应用体外胃肠模拟法对土壤中多氯联苯的生物有效性研究[D].南京:南京大学,2011.
[33]GOULIARMOU V,COLLINS C D,CHRISTIANSEN E,et al.Sorptive physiologically based extraction of contaminated solid matrices:incorporating silicone rod as absorption sink for hydrophobic organic contaminants[J].Environ Sci Technol,2012,47(2):941-948.
[34]付瑾,崔岩山.In vitro系统评价胃肠液pH及土液比对铅、镉、砷生物可给性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(2):245-251.
[35]YANG J K,BARNETT M O,JARDINE P M,et al.Factors controlling the bioaccessibility of arsenic(V)and lead(II)in soil[J].Soil Sediment Contam,2003,12(2):165-179.
[36]方勇,夏季,李红梅,等.基于体外模拟消化/Caco-2细胞模型测定大米中铅的生物有效性[J].食品科学,201637(16):199-204.
[37]XING G H,YANG Y,CHAN J K Y,et al.Bioaccessibility of polychlorinated biphenyls in different foods using an in vitro digestion method[J].Environ Pollut,2008,156(3):1218-1226.
[38]YU Y X,LI J L,ZHANG X Y,et al.Assessment of the bioaccessibility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in foods and the correlations of the bioaccessibility with nutrient contents[J].J Agr Food Chem,2009,58(1):301-308.
[39]YU Y X,HAN S Y,LI J L,et al.Factors affecting the bioaccessibility of polychlorinated biphenyls using in vitro test[C]//Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering,2009.ICBBE 2009.3rd International Conference on.IEEE,Beijing:2009:1-4.
[40]RUBY M V,DAVIS A,SCHOOF R,et al.Estimation of lead and arsenic bioavailability using a physiologically based extraction test[J].Environ Sci Technol,1996,30(2):422-430.
[41]陆敏,余应新,张东平,等.胡萝卜中滴滴涕对人体生物有效性影响因素的体外研究[J].环境化学,2009,28(2):220-224.
[42]GALáN I,GARCíA M L,SELGAS M D,et al.Effect of E-beam treatment on the bioaccessibility of folic acid incorporated to ready to eat meat products[J].LWT-Food Sci Technol,2014,59(1):547-552.
[43]LI H B,LI J,JUHASZ A L,et al.Correlation of in vivo relative bioavailability to in vitro bioaccessibility for arsenic in household dust from China and its implication for human exposure assessment[J].Environ Sci Technol,2014,48(23):13652-13659.
[44]LAIRD B D,VAN DE WIELE T R,CORRIVEAU M C,et al.Gastrointestinal microbes increase arsenic bioaccessibility of ingested mine tailings using the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem[J].Environ Sci Technol,2007,41(15):5542-5547.
[45]KANIAKORWEL I,LEHMLER H J.Chiral polychlorinated biphenyls:absorption,metabolism and excretion-a review.[J].Environ Sci Pollut R,2016,23(3):1-16.
[46]KANG Y,PAN W,LIANG S,et al.Assessment of relative bioavailability of heavy metals in soil using in vivo mouse model and its implication for risk assessment compared with bioaccessibility using in vitro assay[J].Environ Geochem Hlth,2016,38(5):1183-1191.
[47]夏建强,章明奎,符娟林.模拟胃酸环境下城市灰尘中铅的生物可给性[J].科技通报,2006,22(4):482-486.
[48]陆敏,张帆,韩姝媛,等.食物成分对胡萝卜中滴滴涕生物有效性的影响[J].食品科学,2009,30(13):44-47.
[49]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:314.
[50]CHEN M Y Y,WONG W W K,CHEN B L S,et al.Dietary exposure to organochlorine pesticide residues of the Hong Kong adult population from a total diet study[J].Food Addit Contam A,2015,32(3):342-351.
[51]KEIKOTLHAILE B M,SPANOGHE P,STEURBAUT W.Effects of food processing on pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables:a meta-analysis approach[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2010,48(1):1-6.
[52]PAYáP,MULERO J,OLIVA J,et al.Influence of the matrix in bioavailability of flufenoxuron,lufenuron,pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb residues in grapes and wine[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2013,60:419-423.
[53]CUI Y S,CHEN X C.Lead(Pb)and arsenic(As)bioaccessibility in various soils from south China[J].Environ Monit Assess,2011,177(1/2/3/4):481-492.
[54]LU Y,YIN W,HUANG L B,et al.Assessment of bioaccessibility and exposure risk of arsenic and lead in urban soils of Guangzhou City,China[J].Environ Geochem Hlth,2011,33(2):93-102.
[55]WEI X,HAN L F,GAO B,et al.Distribution,bioavailability,and potential risk assessment of the metals in tributary sediments of Three Gorges Reservoir:the impact of water impoundment[J].Ecol Indic,2016,61:667-675.
[56]LEE S,LEE B,KIM J,et al.Human risk assessment for heavy metals and as contamination in the abandoned metal mine areas,Korea[J].Environ Monit Assess,2006,119(1/2/3):233-244.
[57]SAHA S,HAZRA G C,SAHA B,et al.Assessment of heavy metals contamination in different crops grown in long-term sewage-irrigated areas of Kolkata,West Bengal,India[J].Environ Monit Assess,2015,187(1):4087.
[58]OMAR N A,PRAVEENA S M,ARIS A Z,et al.Health risk assessment using in vitro digestion model in assessing bioavailability of heavy metal in rice:A preliminary study[J].Food Chem,2015,188:46-50.
[59]ANTONIADIS V,SHAHEEN S M,BOERSCH J,et al.Bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in garden edible vegetables and soils around a highly contaminated former mining area in Germany[J].JEnviron Manage,2017,186:192-200.
[60]陆敏,韩姝媛,余应新,等.蔬菜中多溴联苯醚的定量测定及其对人体的生物有效性[J].分析测试学报,2009,28(1):1-6.