基于中国家庭金融调查数据的创业与居民幸福感实证研究
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摘要
进入"新常态"阶段,中国经济发展增长速度放缓,结构性问题逐步凸显。"大众创业、万众创新"号召的提出,为进一步缓解结构性矛盾提供了因应之道。采用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,验证了创业与居民幸福感的相关性,并进一步进行了实证检验。研究发现,创业与居民的幸福感正相关;居民幸福感可随着创业参与水平的提高而不断增加;持平或盈利的创业项目可以提升居民幸福感,盈利水平与居民幸福感提升水平正相关。因此,应抓住"双创"的机遇,合理利用各项优惠政策和措施,同时提升人力资本,强化创业培训,提高创业成功的概率,进而提升居民幸福感。
As Chinese economy enters a stage of "New Norm",growth slows down and the structural problems are gradually highlighted. The calling for mass entrepreneurship and innovation provided a way to further ease the structural conflicts. This paper uses the data of China Household Finance Survey(CHFS) to verify the correlation between entrepreneurship and national happiness,and the nexus were further empirically explored.The study found that entrepreneurship is positively related to the national happiness;and the national happiness can increase with the level of entrepreneurial participation. Balanced or profitable business projects can enhance national happiness,and the level of profitability is positively correlated with the level of national happiness. Therefore,we should seize the opportunity of mass entrepreneurship and innovation by making reasonable use of the preferable policies and measures,and enhancing human capital,strengthening the entrepreneurial training,thus to improve the probability of success,and enhance national happiness.
As Chinese economy enters a stage of "New Norm",growth slows down and the structural problems are gradually highlighted. The calling for mass entrepreneurship and innovation provided a way to further ease the structural conflicts. This paper uses the data of China Household Finance Survey(CHFS) to verify the correlation between entrepreneurship and national happiness,and the nexus were further empirically explored.The study found that entrepreneurship is positively related to the national happiness;and the national happiness can increase with the level of entrepreneurial participation. Balanced or profitable business projects can enhance national happiness,and the level of profitability is positively correlated with the level of national happiness. Therefore,we should seize the opportunity of mass entrepreneurship and innovation by making reasonable use of the preferable policies and measures,and enhancing human capital,strengthening the entrepreneurial training,thus to improve the probability of success,and enhance national happiness.
引文
[1] 王海成,郭敏.非正规就业对主观幸福感的影响——劳动力市场正规化政策的合理性[J].经济学动态,2015(5):50-59.
[2] 穆怀中,范洪敏.环境规制对农民工就业的门槛效应研究[J].经济学动态,2016(10):4-14.
[3] 谷克鉴,陈福中.净出口的非线性增长贡献 [J].经济研究,2016(11):13-27.
[4] 高强,潘春阳,吴柏钧.个人创业回报问题的实证研究 [J].企业经济,2016(1):101-106.
[5] Carree M A,Verheul I.What makes entrepreneurs happy?determinants of satisfaction among founders [J].Journal of Happiness Studies,2012,13(2):371-387.
[6] Andrews F M,Withey S B.Social indicators of well-being [M].New York:Plenum Press,1976.
[7] Olshavsky R W,Miller J A.Consumer expectations,product performance,and perceived product quality [J].Journal of Marketing Research,1972,9(1):19-21.
[8] Anderson R E.Consumer dissatisfaction:the effect of disconfirmed expectancy on perceived product performance [J].Journal of Marketing Research,1973,10(1):38-44.
[9] Day R L.Beyond social indicators:quality of life in the individual level [M].Chicago:The American Marketing Association,1978.
[10] Lee D J.Developing a subjective measure of consumer well-being [J].Journal of Macromarketing,2002,22(2):158-169.
[11] Pancer E,Handelman J.The evolution of consumer well-being [J].Journal of Historical Research in Marketing,2012,4(1):177-189.
[12] Sirgy M J.Ethics and public policy implications of research on consumer well-being [J].Journal of Public Policy & Marketing,2008,27 (2),207-212.
[13] Sirgy J M,Lee D J.Macro measures of consumer well being (CWB):a critical analysis and a research agenda [J].Journal of Macromarketing,2006,26(1):27-44.
[14] 谢凤华,刘国栋.消费者幸福感研究述评 [J].湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,36(3):61-64.
[15] Xiao J J.Consumer economic wellbeing[M].New York:Springer Press,2015.
[16] 李时椿,刘冠.关于创业与创新的内涵、比较与集成融合研究 [J].经济管理,2007(16):76-80.
[17] 赵向阳,李海,Rauch A.创业活动的国家差异:文化与国家经济发展水平的交互作用 [J].管理世界,2012(8):78-90.
[18] 陈刚.管制与创业——来自中国的微观证据 [J].管理世界,2015(5):89-99.
[19] Kirzner I M.Competition and entrepreneurship [M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1978.
[20] Audretsch D B,Thurik A R.Capitalism and democracy in the 21st century:from the managed to the entrepreneurial economy [J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2000,10(1):17-34.
[21] 张龙耀,杨军,张海宁.金融发展、家庭创业与城乡居民收入——基于微观视角的经验分析 [J].中国农村经济,2013(7):47-57.
[22] 尹志超,宋全雨,吴雨,等.金融知识、创业决策和创业动机[J].管理世界,2015(1):87-98.
[23] 魏江,权予衡.“创二代”创业动机、环境与创业幸福感的实证研究[J].管理学报,2014,11(9):1349-1357.
[24] 潘春阳,王紫妍.创业的得与失——中国居民创业的货币与非货币回报[J].世界经济文汇,2016(4):102-120.
[25] Ben M,Frey B S.Being independent raises happiness at work [J].Swedish Economic Policy Review,2004,11(2):95-134.
[26] Andersson P.Happiness and health:well-being among the self-employed [J].The Journal of Socio-Economics,2008,37(1):213-236.
[27] Blanchflower D G.Self-employment in OECD countries [J].Labour Economics,2000,7(5):471-505.
[28] Blanchflower D G,Oswald A.Stutzer A,Latent entrepreneurship across nations [J].European Economic Review,2001,45(4/5/6):680-691.
[29] Blanchflower D G.Self-employment:more may not be better [J].Swedish Economic Policy Review,2004,11(2):15-74.
[30] Ramón-Llorens M C,Olmedo-Cifuentes I A,Madrid-Guijarro A.Well-being and work-life balance:differences between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs [M].New York:Springer,2016.
[31] Rahman S A,Amran A,Ahmad N H,et al.Enhancing the wellbeing of base of the pyramid entrepreneurs through business success:the role of private organizations[J].Social Indicators Research,2016,127(1):195-216.
[32] Peter V D Z,Hessels J ,Rietveld C A .The pleasures and pains of self-employment:a panel data analysis of satisfaction with life,work,and leisure [R].Amsterdam:Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers,2015.
[33] Hundley G.Why and when are the self-employed more satisfied with their work?[J].Industrial Relations,2010,40(2):293-316.
[34] Haga K.Innovation and entrepreneurship in aging societies:theorical reflection and a case study from Kamikatsu,Japan [J].Journal of Innovation Economics,2015,18(3):119-151.
[35] Layard R.Happiness:lessons from a new science [J].Journal of Bioeconomics,2008,10(1):97-99.
[36] 官皓.收入对幸福感的影响研究:绝对水平和相对地位 [J].南开经济研究,2010(5):56-70.
[37] 任海燕,傅红春.收入与居民幸福感关系的中国验证——基于绝对收入与相对收入的分析[J].南京社会科学,2011(12):15-21.
[38] Blanchflower D ,Oswald A J .Entrepreneurship,happiness and supernormal returns[R].Cambridge:NBER Working Papers ,1992.
[39] Berglann H,Moen E R,Roed K,et al.Entrepreneurship:origins and returns [J].Labour Economics,2011,18(2):180-193.
[40] Hanglberger D,Merz J.Does self-employment really raise Job satisfaction?adaptation and anticipation effects on self-employment and general job changes [J].Journal for Labour Market Research,2015,48(4):287-303.
[41] Loewe N.Self-employment as a moderator between work and life satisfaction [J].Academia Revista Latinoamerica De Administracion,2015,28(2):213-226.
[42] Harbi S E,Grolleau G.Does self-employment contribute to national happiness?[J].Journal of Socio-economics,2012,41(5):670-676.
[43] 何立华,杨崇琪.城市居民住房满意度及其影响因素 [J].公共管理学报,2011,8(2):43-51.
[44] 甘犁,尹志超,贾男,等.中国家庭资产状况及住房需求分析[J].金融研究,2013(4):1-14.
[45] 邹宝玲,李华忠.交易费用、创新驱动与互联网创业[J].广东财经大学学报,2016 (3):26-33.
(1)截至2017年,中国家庭金融调查已经开展了3次,即2011年、2013年和2015年,第2017年的调查仍在进行中。其中,2011年数据已向社会公开,2013年数据可临时申请使用,2015年仅供内部使用。同时值得注意的是,2013年的样本量包含了2011年的样本。因此,限于数据的可获性,同时尽可能多地利用已有数据提供的有用信息,本文采用2013年数据进行实证分析。
(2)为简化,省、直辖市、市和自治区在文中统称“省份”。
[2] 穆怀中,范洪敏.环境规制对农民工就业的门槛效应研究[J].经济学动态,2016(10):4-14.
[3] 谷克鉴,陈福中.净出口的非线性增长贡献 [J].经济研究,2016(11):13-27.
[4] 高强,潘春阳,吴柏钧.个人创业回报问题的实证研究 [J].企业经济,2016(1):101-106.
[5] Carree M A,Verheul I.What makes entrepreneurs happy?determinants of satisfaction among founders [J].Journal of Happiness Studies,2012,13(2):371-387.
[6] Andrews F M,Withey S B.Social indicators of well-being [M].New York:Plenum Press,1976.
[7] Olshavsky R W,Miller J A.Consumer expectations,product performance,and perceived product quality [J].Journal of Marketing Research,1972,9(1):19-21.
[8] Anderson R E.Consumer dissatisfaction:the effect of disconfirmed expectancy on perceived product performance [J].Journal of Marketing Research,1973,10(1):38-44.
[9] Day R L.Beyond social indicators:quality of life in the individual level [M].Chicago:The American Marketing Association,1978.
[10] Lee D J.Developing a subjective measure of consumer well-being [J].Journal of Macromarketing,2002,22(2):158-169.
[11] Pancer E,Handelman J.The evolution of consumer well-being [J].Journal of Historical Research in Marketing,2012,4(1):177-189.
[12] Sirgy M J.Ethics and public policy implications of research on consumer well-being [J].Journal of Public Policy & Marketing,2008,27 (2),207-212.
[13] Sirgy J M,Lee D J.Macro measures of consumer well being (CWB):a critical analysis and a research agenda [J].Journal of Macromarketing,2006,26(1):27-44.
[14] 谢凤华,刘国栋.消费者幸福感研究述评 [J].湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,36(3):61-64.
[15] Xiao J J.Consumer economic wellbeing[M].New York:Springer Press,2015.
[16] 李时椿,刘冠.关于创业与创新的内涵、比较与集成融合研究 [J].经济管理,2007(16):76-80.
[17] 赵向阳,李海,Rauch A.创业活动的国家差异:文化与国家经济发展水平的交互作用 [J].管理世界,2012(8):78-90.
[18] 陈刚.管制与创业——来自中国的微观证据 [J].管理世界,2015(5):89-99.
[19] Kirzner I M.Competition and entrepreneurship [M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1978.
[20] Audretsch D B,Thurik A R.Capitalism and democracy in the 21st century:from the managed to the entrepreneurial economy [J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2000,10(1):17-34.
[21] 张龙耀,杨军,张海宁.金融发展、家庭创业与城乡居民收入——基于微观视角的经验分析 [J].中国农村经济,2013(7):47-57.
[22] 尹志超,宋全雨,吴雨,等.金融知识、创业决策和创业动机[J].管理世界,2015(1):87-98.
[23] 魏江,权予衡.“创二代”创业动机、环境与创业幸福感的实证研究[J].管理学报,2014,11(9):1349-1357.
[24] 潘春阳,王紫妍.创业的得与失——中国居民创业的货币与非货币回报[J].世界经济文汇,2016(4):102-120.
[25] Ben M,Frey B S.Being independent raises happiness at work [J].Swedish Economic Policy Review,2004,11(2):95-134.
[26] Andersson P.Happiness and health:well-being among the self-employed [J].The Journal of Socio-Economics,2008,37(1):213-236.
[27] Blanchflower D G.Self-employment in OECD countries [J].Labour Economics,2000,7(5):471-505.
[28] Blanchflower D G,Oswald A.Stutzer A,Latent entrepreneurship across nations [J].European Economic Review,2001,45(4/5/6):680-691.
[29] Blanchflower D G.Self-employment:more may not be better [J].Swedish Economic Policy Review,2004,11(2):15-74.
[30] Ramón-Llorens M C,Olmedo-Cifuentes I A,Madrid-Guijarro A.Well-being and work-life balance:differences between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs [M].New York:Springer,2016.
[31] Rahman S A,Amran A,Ahmad N H,et al.Enhancing the wellbeing of base of the pyramid entrepreneurs through business success:the role of private organizations[J].Social Indicators Research,2016,127(1):195-216.
[32] Peter V D Z,Hessels J ,Rietveld C A .The pleasures and pains of self-employment:a panel data analysis of satisfaction with life,work,and leisure [R].Amsterdam:Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers,2015.
[33] Hundley G.Why and when are the self-employed more satisfied with their work?[J].Industrial Relations,2010,40(2):293-316.
[34] Haga K.Innovation and entrepreneurship in aging societies:theorical reflection and a case study from Kamikatsu,Japan [J].Journal of Innovation Economics,2015,18(3):119-151.
[35] Layard R.Happiness:lessons from a new science [J].Journal of Bioeconomics,2008,10(1):97-99.
[36] 官皓.收入对幸福感的影响研究:绝对水平和相对地位 [J].南开经济研究,2010(5):56-70.
[37] 任海燕,傅红春.收入与居民幸福感关系的中国验证——基于绝对收入与相对收入的分析[J].南京社会科学,2011(12):15-21.
[38] Blanchflower D ,Oswald A J .Entrepreneurship,happiness and supernormal returns[R].Cambridge:NBER Working Papers ,1992.
[39] Berglann H,Moen E R,Roed K,et al.Entrepreneurship:origins and returns [J].Labour Economics,2011,18(2):180-193.
[40] Hanglberger D,Merz J.Does self-employment really raise Job satisfaction?adaptation and anticipation effects on self-employment and general job changes [J].Journal for Labour Market Research,2015,48(4):287-303.
[41] Loewe N.Self-employment as a moderator between work and life satisfaction [J].Academia Revista Latinoamerica De Administracion,2015,28(2):213-226.
[42] Harbi S E,Grolleau G.Does self-employment contribute to national happiness?[J].Journal of Socio-economics,2012,41(5):670-676.
[43] 何立华,杨崇琪.城市居民住房满意度及其影响因素 [J].公共管理学报,2011,8(2):43-51.
[44] 甘犁,尹志超,贾男,等.中国家庭资产状况及住房需求分析[J].金融研究,2013(4):1-14.
[45] 邹宝玲,李华忠.交易费用、创新驱动与互联网创业[J].广东财经大学学报,2016 (3):26-33.
(1)截至2017年,中国家庭金融调查已经开展了3次,即2011年、2013年和2015年,第2017年的调查仍在进行中。其中,2011年数据已向社会公开,2013年数据可临时申请使用,2015年仅供内部使用。同时值得注意的是,2013年的样本量包含了2011年的样本。因此,限于数据的可获性,同时尽可能多地利用已有数据提供的有用信息,本文采用2013年数据进行实证分析。
(2)为简化,省、直辖市、市和自治区在文中统称“省份”。