“旅游资源错位现象”与“旅游资源诅咒”辨析
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摘要
旅游资源错位现象是旅游空间结构错位的典型形式,表现为属性错位、形式错位和等级错位等多种形式,其形成原因有区域旅游发展的复杂性、地理环境赋存差异性、统计数据与计算方法出现偏差,以及旅游资源价值评价的不合理性等方面。旅游资源诅咒指建立在资源基础上的旅游产业存在挤出效应,导致旅游资源丰富地区的经济增长反而低于旅游资源贫乏地区的增长。因此,"旅游资源错位现象"与"旅游资源诅咒"既有区别又有联系,如果缺乏旅游产业挤出效应的论证,把错位现象简单地作为"旅游资源诅咒"的依据,那么,评判该区域存在旅游资源诅咒现象的结论就存在缺陷。
Dislocation phenomenon of tourism resources is one of the typical forms of tourist spatial structure dislocation,which is presented as quality dislocation,form dislocation,grade dislocation and so on.The reasons that cause this phenomenon are the complexity of region tourist development,diversity of geographical environment,deviation on statistic data and calculation method,irrationality of tourist resource value evaluation.The precondition of tourism resource cursing is that tourist industry based on resource foundation exists crowding-out effect.This is the difference between"Dislocation Phenomenon of Tourism Resources"and"Tourism Resource Cursing".If the dislocation phenomenon is just simply regarded as the tourism resource cursing without the crowding-out effect,this judgment is not reasonable.
Dislocation phenomenon of tourism resources is one of the typical forms of tourist spatial structure dislocation,which is presented as quality dislocation,form dislocation,grade dislocation and so on.The reasons that cause this phenomenon are the complexity of region tourist development,diversity of geographical environment,deviation on statistic data and calculation method,irrationality of tourist resource value evaluation.The precondition of tourism resource cursing is that tourist industry based on resource foundation exists crowding-out effect.This is the difference between"Dislocation Phenomenon of Tourism Resources"and"Tourism Resource Cursing".If the dislocation phenomenon is just simply regarded as the tourism resource cursing without the crowding-out effect,this judgment is not reasonable.
引文
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[19]WANG M H,SUN G N,KANG G D.A combined matrix analysis on the spatial dislocation of landscape resources,nameplate scenery and finance achievement in China[J].Human geography,2009,24(4):115-119.[王美红,孙根年,康国栋.中国旅游LR-NS-FA空间错位的组合矩阵分析[J].人文地理,2009,24(4):115-119.]
[20]LI L P.The diagnosis of“synchronousness-asynchronousness”and the analysis of differences in and among the Chinese destinations:based on the national tourism data of 31provincial cellos[J].Human geography,2008,23(2):87-90.[李连璞.区域旅游发展“同步—错位”诊断及差异分析:基于中国31省(区、直辖市)国内旅游统计数据[J].人文地理,2008,23(2):87-90.]
[21]ZHU X W,ZENG D Z.Tourism resources,industrial agglomeration and resource curse[J].The journal of world economy,2009(5):65-72.[朱希伟,曾道智.旅游资源、工业集聚与资源诅咒[J].世界经济,2009(5):65-72.]
[22]CUI X F.The theory of“resource curse”is not established[J].Inquiry into economic issues,2013(5):27-31.[崔学锋.“资源诅咒”论不成立[J].经济问题探索,2013(5):27-31.]
[2]ZUO B.Can tourism boom break the resource curse?an empirical evidence from Mainland China[J].Business economics and administration,2013(5):60-69.[左冰.旅游能打破资源诅咒吗?基于中国31个省(市、区)的比较研究[J].商业经济与管理,2013(5):60-69.]
[3]FANG F L.Empirical analysis on the phenomenon of tourism“resource curse”in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Beijing International Studies University,2012(5):27-34.[方法林.江苏旅游“资源诅咒”现象实证研究[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2012(5):27-34.]
[4]LI Y J,JIANG Q J.A number of problems of“tourism resource curse”[J].China ancient city,2016(10):45-47,57.[李跃军,姜琴君.“旅游资源诅咒”论的若干问题[J].中国名城,2016(10):45-47,57.]
[5]LI C X,MA Y F,ZHANG Y Y,et al.An analysis of space-time dynamic evolution and dislocation of inbound tourism based on typical cities with the gravity model as an empirical research[J].Economic geography,2010,30(8):1372-1377.[李创新,马耀峰,张佑印,等.中国旅游热点城市入境客流与收入时空动态演化与错位:重力模型的实证[J].经济地理,2010,30(8):1372-1377.]
[6]ZHU H,CHEN X L.Space distribution structure of A-grade scenic spot in China[J].Scientia geographica sinica,2008,28(5):607-615.[朱竑,陈晓亮.中国A级旅游景区空间分布结构研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(5):607-615.]
[7]DENG Z T,YIN Y M.An analysis of the spatial mismatch of tourism resources,location and inbound tourism revenue in China[J].Tourism science,2009,23(3):6-10.[邓祖涛,尹贻梅.我国旅游资源、区位和入境旅游收入的空间错位分析[J].旅游科学,2009,23(3):6-10.]
[8]DONG H M,ZHAO J B.Relationship between the abundances of tourism resources and the development of tourism industry in China[J].Journal of arid land resources and environment,2011,25(2):173-177.[董红梅,赵景波.中国高等级旅游资源数量与旅游人数、旅游收入的关系研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(2):173-177.]
[9]LIU F J,FANG Y L,LI D H,et al.Measurement of“resource curse”in the development of provincial-level tourism and its response to regional economy[J].East China economic management,2015(11):66-70.[刘法建,方叶林,李东和,等.省域旅游发展“资源诅咒”测度及其与区域经济的响应[J].华东经济管理,2015(11):66-70.]
[10]FANG Y L,HUANG Z F,HU X H.The valuation of asynchronous phenomenon and relative efficiency about regional tourism resources of Anhui Province[J].East China economic management,2013,27(6):27-31.[方叶林,黄震方,胡小海.安徽省旅游资源错位现象及相对效率评价[J].华东经济管理,2013,27(6):27-31.]
[11]DING X S,LI Y W,LK W.A study on the regional disparity development of tourism in Henan Province based on spatial mismatch theory[J].Geography and geo-information science,2011,27(2):106-108.[丁旭生,李永文,吕可文.基于空间错位理论的河南省旅游发展区域差异研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2011,27(2):106-108.]
[12]CHEN L,HU J,FU Q G,et al.A study on the spatial mismatch between the A-grade tourist attractions and the quality of inbound tourism in Shandong Province[J].Journal of Huazhong Normal University(natural sciences),2014,48(5):755-759.[陈磊,胡静,付琼鸽,等.山东省A级景区与入境旅游质量的空间错位研究[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,48(5):755-759.]
[13]WANG Y Z.Tourism resource endowment and regional tourism economies:apositive analysis on Shanxi Province[J].Ecological economy,2010(8):41-45.[王玉珍.旅游资源禀赋与区域旅游经济发展研究:基于山西的实证分析[J].生态经济,2010(8):41-45.]
[14]HAN C X.The spatial tourism economical development based on the superiority degree of tourism resources in Xinjiang[J].Economic geography,2009,29(5):871-875.[韩春鲜.基于旅游资源优势度差异的新疆旅游经济发展空间分析[J].经济地理,2009,29(5):871-875.]
[15]WENG G M,CHEN L N.Spatial mismatch analysis on the difference of tourism development between the Western and Eastern China[J].Ecological economy,2014,30(4):123-126.[翁钢民,陈林娜.空间错位视角下我国东、西部旅游业发展差异研究[J].生态经济,2014,30(4):123-126.]
[16]WANG K.An analysis of provincial differences in China's major tourism resources[J].Geography and territorial research,1999,15(3):69-74.[王凯.中国主要旅游资源赋存的省际差异分析[J].地理学与国土研究,1999,15(3):69-74.]
[17]SUN G N,FENG M E.Inbound tourism market competitive state and the relationship with resources and location factor in the West of China[J].Journal of Northwestern University(natural science edition),2003,33(4):459-464.[孙根年,冯茂娥.西部入境旅游市场竞争态与资源区位的关系[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2003,33(4):459-464.]
[18]BIAN X H.The intercity difference and abundance analysis of urban tourism resources in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Jiangsu commercial forum,2006(1):109-112.[卞显红.长江三角洲城市旅游资源城际差异与丰度分析[J].江苏商论,2006(1):109-112.]
[19]WANG M H,SUN G N,KANG G D.A combined matrix analysis on the spatial dislocation of landscape resources,nameplate scenery and finance achievement in China[J].Human geography,2009,24(4):115-119.[王美红,孙根年,康国栋.中国旅游LR-NS-FA空间错位的组合矩阵分析[J].人文地理,2009,24(4):115-119.]
[20]LI L P.The diagnosis of“synchronousness-asynchronousness”and the analysis of differences in and among the Chinese destinations:based on the national tourism data of 31provincial cellos[J].Human geography,2008,23(2):87-90.[李连璞.区域旅游发展“同步—错位”诊断及差异分析:基于中国31省(区、直辖市)国内旅游统计数据[J].人文地理,2008,23(2):87-90.]
[21]ZHU X W,ZENG D Z.Tourism resources,industrial agglomeration and resource curse[J].The journal of world economy,2009(5):65-72.[朱希伟,曾道智.旅游资源、工业集聚与资源诅咒[J].世界经济,2009(5):65-72.]
[22]CUI X F.The theory of“resource curse”is not established[J].Inquiry into economic issues,2013(5):27-31.[崔学锋.“资源诅咒”论不成立[J].经济问题探索,2013(5):27-31.]