海南早稻抽穗乳熟期高温热害对结实率的影响
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摘要
在全球变暖的气候背景下,利用海南省2005—2016年早稻农业气象观测资料、气象资料,计算热害积温和热害时数,与早稻结实率进行统计分析,探究高温热害规律及其对海南早稻结实率的影响程度。结果表明,确定35℃为海南早稻高温热害积温的界限温度最合适,36℃为海南早稻高温热害时数界限温度最合适;海南早稻抽穗乳熟期热害积温和热害时数对结实率的影响规律均可由一元二次函数来拟合,相关系数分别为0.61和0.60,且结实率随着热害积温和热害时数的增加而降低。
By using the rice growth observations and meteorological data from 2005 to 2016, the thermal accumulated temperature and the high temperature hours can be calculated in the context of global warming. The correlation analysis of the seed setting rate of early season rice with the two mentioned results respectively were conducted. And based on that, the regularity and impacts of high temperature injury on seed setting rate of early rice were explored. The results indicated that 35℃ is the most suitable definition standard temperature for defining the initial thermal accumulated temperature, and 36℃ is the most suitable for defining the initial high temperature hours. There was negative correlation between setting percentage and the increasing of the thermal accumulated temperature and the high temperature hours, which could be fitted by quadratic equation with the correlation coefficients of 0.61 and 0.60, respectively.
By using the rice growth observations and meteorological data from 2005 to 2016, the thermal accumulated temperature and the high temperature hours can be calculated in the context of global warming. The correlation analysis of the seed setting rate of early season rice with the two mentioned results respectively were conducted. And based on that, the regularity and impacts of high temperature injury on seed setting rate of early rice were explored. The results indicated that 35℃ is the most suitable definition standard temperature for defining the initial thermal accumulated temperature, and 36℃ is the most suitable for defining the initial high temperature hours. There was negative correlation between setting percentage and the increasing of the thermal accumulated temperature and the high temperature hours, which could be fitted by quadratic equation with the correlation coefficients of 0.61 and 0.60, respectively.
引文
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[2]李萍萍,程高峰,张佳华,等.高温对水稻抽穗扬花期生理特性的影响[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(2):125-130
[3]喻莎,陆魁东,谢佰承,等.高温时数和热积温对超级早稻结实率的影响[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(4):454-463
[4]郑建初,张彬,陈留根,等.抽穗期高温对水稻产量构成要素和稻米品质的影响及其基因型差异[J].江苏农业学报,2005,21(4):249-254
[5]谢晓金,姜珍强,郝宇杭,等.不同生育期高温胁迫对两优培九物质分配与产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(13):48-51
[6]周广胜.气候变化对中国农业生产影响研究展望[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(1):80-94
[7]宣守丽,石春林,刘杨,等.自然环境高温对长江中下游地区中稻结实率的影响及模拟[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(1):73-77
[8]李松柏.影响水稻结实率的主要因素及对策[J].种业导刊,2010(12):24-25
[9]陈宝奎,陈洪存.高温热害对水稻结实率影响的调查报告[J].北方水稻,2007(2):41-42
[10]王晓玲,余洁,郭安平,等.海南儋州普通野生稻开花习性及育性研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2008,16(1):75-82
[11]姚凤梅,张佳华.1981-2000年水稻生长季相对极端高温事件及其气候风险的变化[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(4):37-42
[12]任义方,高苹,王春乙.江苏高温热害对水稻的影响及成因分析[J].自然灾害学报,2010,19(5):101-107
[13]汪寿康,汪更文,汪又佳.2003年水稻高温热害情况的调查[J].安徽农学通报,2004,10(1):27-27
[14]王春乙.海南气候[M].北京:气象出版社,2014:74-75
[15]邹海平,张京红,陈小敏,等.海南岛农业气候资源的时空变化特征[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(4):417-427
[16]陈升孛,吴坤悌,陈明,等.海南早稻灌浆成熟期高温热害对千粒重的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,34(27):8-11
[17]赵海燕,姚凤梅,张勇,等.长江中下游水稻开花灌浆期气象要素与结实率和粒重的相关性分析[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(9):1765-1771