霍州煤矸石山大型土壤动物群落特征研究
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摘要
为揭示煤矸石山复垦后大型土壤动物群落特征,于2016年9月对霍州煤矸石山4个样地(油葵、草地、桃树、对照)的大型土壤动物进行了调查。结果表明:霍州煤矸石山大型土壤动物优势类群为蚁科和弹尾目,土壤动物个体密度和类群数的水平分布表现分别为桃树>油葵>草地>对照、对照>桃树>油葵>草地,其中桃树地土壤动物密度与其他样地有显著差异;土壤动物在垂直方向上分布具有表聚性特征,但是各层次间无显著差异;对照样地土壤动物多样性高于煤矸山样地;大型土壤动物群落Jaccard相似性系数基本集中在0. 5左右,为中等相似。土壤动物密度和类群数与土壤p H值呈显著负相关,与土壤含水量、有机质、全磷及全钾则没有显著的相关性。研究结果可为煤矸石山的修复治理提供土壤动物生态学依据。
In order to investigate the characteristics of soil macrofauna community in Huozhou coal waste pile,in the beginning of September 2016,the effects of plots( oil sunflower,grassland,peach and corn fileds) on Huozhou coal waste pile soil macro-fauna were investigated.The results showed that the dominant species are Formicidae and Collebola,accounting for 83.79% of the total.The peach field is significantly different from other plots.There is no significant difference in vertical distribution of soil fauna.The soil fauna diversity in the control land is higher than other plots in Huozhou coal waste pile.The Jaccard similarity coefficients of the soil macro-faunal community are about 0.5,belonging to medium.The results can provide the ecological basis of soil fauna for the restoration and treatment of coal waste pile.
In order to investigate the characteristics of soil macrofauna community in Huozhou coal waste pile,in the beginning of September 2016,the effects of plots( oil sunflower,grassland,peach and corn fileds) on Huozhou coal waste pile soil macro-fauna were investigated.The results showed that the dominant species are Formicidae and Collebola,accounting for 83.79% of the total.The peach field is significantly different from other plots.There is no significant difference in vertical distribution of soil fauna.The soil fauna diversity in the control land is higher than other plots in Huozhou coal waste pile.The Jaccard similarity coefficients of the soil macro-faunal community are about 0.5,belonging to medium.The results can provide the ecological basis of soil fauna for the restoration and treatment of coal waste pile.
引文
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[28]臧建成,唐晓琴,翟云霞,等.西藏林芝地区果园春季大型土壤动物群落结构研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报,自然科学版,2016,44(7):159-164.
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[32]孙儒泳.动物生态学原理[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001:100-101.
[2]Gao L,Miao Z,Bai Z,et al. A case study of ecological restoration at the Xiaoyi Bauxite Mine,Shanxi Province,China 1[J]. Ecological Engineering,1998,11(1–4):221-229.
[3]Mummey D L,Stahl P D,Buyer J S. Soil microbiological properties 20 years after surface mine reclamation:spatial analysis of reclaimed and undisturbed sites[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2002,34(11):1717-1725.
[4]王尚义,石瑛,牛俊杰,等.煤矸石山不同植被恢复模式对土壤养分的影响-以山西省河东矿区1号煤矸石山为例[J].地理学报,2013,68(3):372-379.
[5]Sanjurjo M J F,Corti G,Ugolini F C. Chemical and mineralogical changes in a polygenetic soil of Galicia,NW Spain[J]. Catena,2001,43(3):251-265.
[6]Shrestha R K,Lal R. Ecosystem carbon budgeting and soil carbon sequestration in reclaimed mine soil[J]. Environment International,2006,32(6):781-796.
[7]白中科.土地复垦与生态重建[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000:5-20.
[8]朱永恒,赵春雨,王宗英,濮励杰.我国土壤动物群落生态学研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(24):1477-1481.
[9]苏越,邬天媛,张雪萍.中国土壤动物环境指示功能研究进展[J].国土与自然资源研究,2011(6):64-67.
[10]孙帆,陈鹏,卜照义,等.吉林省土壤动物组成与生态分布的初步研究[J].地理学报,1991,46(3):300-318.
[11]王兴明,刘桂建,董众兵,周春财,梅静梁,姚杰.淮南煤矸石山周边土壤中蚯蚓对重金属的富集特征[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(7):1219-1226.
[12]王宗英,孙庆业,路有成.铜陵市铜尾矿生物群落的恢复与重建[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(3):7-11.
[13]Frouz J,Keplin B,Pizl V,et al. Soil biota and upper soil layer development in two contrasting post-mining chronosequences[J]. Ecological Engineering,2001,17:275-284.
[14]Topp W,Simon M,Kautz G,et al. Soil fauna of a reclaimed lignite open-cast mine of the Rhineland:Improvement of soil quality by surface pattern[J]. Ecological Engineering,2001,17:307-322.
[15]查书平,丁裕国,王宗英,等.铜陵市铜尾矿土壤动物群落生态研究[J].生态环境,2004,13(2):167-169.
[16]崔艳,白中科,李晋川,等.露天煤矿不同恢复阶段大型土壤动物群落结构[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):607-610.
[17]朱永恒,赵春雨,张平究,陆林.矿区废弃地土壤动物研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(9)2088-2092.
[18]南开大学.昆虫学.上册[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1980:73-321.
[19]尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:90-392.
[20]南京农业大学.土壤农化分析[M].北京:农业出版社,1990:234-288.
[21]Barros E,Pashanasi B,Constantino R,et al. Effects of land-use system on the soil macrofauna in western Brazilian Amazonia[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,35(5):338-347.
[22]王广力,王勇,韩立亮,等.洞庭湖区不同土地利用方式下的土壤动物群落结构[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2629-2636.
[23]崔艳,白中科,李晋川,等.安太堡露天煤矿复垦土壤中土壤动物研究[C].北京:北京生态建设国际论坛,2005:209-219.
[24]刘长海,赵桂玲,曹四平.延安新区城市生态林中大型土壤动物多样性组成结构特征[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):198-202.
[25]辛未冬,殷秀琴,宋博.松嫩草原地形分异对土壤动物分布格局的影响[J].地理研究,2013,32(3):413-420.
[26]Doblas-Miranda E,Sánchez-Piero F,González-Megías A. Vertical distribution of soil macrofauna in an arid ecosystem:Are litter and belowground compartmentalized habitats[J]. Pedobiologia,2009,52(6):361-373.
[27]刘扬,张岸,严莹,等.崇明岛不同土地利用类型下土壤动物群落多样性研究[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2011,50(3):288-295.
[28]臧建成,唐晓琴,翟云霞,等.西藏林芝地区果园春季大型土壤动物群落结构研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报,自然科学版,2016,44(7):159-164.
[29]辛未冬,殷秀琴,秦丽杰,等.小兴安岭森林生态系统中小型土壤动物生态地理分布特征[J].地理科学,2009,29(1):129-133.
[30]战丽莉.农田黑土中小型土壤动物多样性特征及其影响因素[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013:85-97.
[31]佟富春,金哲东,王庆礼,等.长白山北坡土壤动物群落物种共有度的海拔梯度变化[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(10):1723-1728.
[32]孙儒泳.动物生态学原理[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001:100-101.