大型微摩阻土工真三轴试验系统及其应用
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摘要
介绍了长江科学院研制的大型土工真三轴试验系统,该试验系统具有如下功能:①能够稳定的开展粗粒土的真三轴试验;②可以提供的小主应力最大值为3.0 MPa,大主应力最大值为15.0 MPa;③试验尺寸为300 mm(长)×300 mm(宽)×600 mm(高);④可按任意设定的加载过程,采用应力或应变控制方式进行三向独立加载,实现复杂应力条件下的模拟试验;⑤能获得粗粒土试样的应力变形全过程线。通过一个典型工程案例,将该试验系统应用于粗粒土复杂应力条件下的力学特性研究,获得了粗粒土在不同应力水平下的应力变形规律;得到了试样在不同加载路径下的强度参数,并对其破坏准则的适用性进行了初步探讨。大型微摩阻土工真三轴试验系统的成功研制,为深入研究粗粒土在高应力和复杂应力路径下的强度与变形特性提供了技术手段。
Firstly, an introduction is made to the large-scale geotechnical true tri-axial apparatus developed by Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. The functions of this apparatus can be described as follows:(1) The true tri-axial tests on coarse grained soil can be carried out steadily.(2) The maximum value of σ_3 is able to achieve 3.0 MPa, while that of σ_1 is able to achieve 15.0 MPa.(3) The specimen size is 300 mm(length)×300 mm(width)×600 mm(height).(4) The loading process can be set arbitrarily, both the stress control and the strain control are available, and loading in three directions is independently,which makes it possible to simulate complex stress paths.(5) The whole process stress-strain curves of coarsely grained soil can be obtained. Through an engineering case, the researches on the mechanical characteristics of coarse grained soil under complex stress conditions are conducted using this apparatus, and the stress-strain rules are obtained at different stress levels.The strength parameters of the specimen in different loading paths are achieved, and a preliminary analysis for the applicability of strength criterion is made. The successful development of the large-scale low-friction true tri-axial apparatus provides a new technical method in studying the strength and deformation of coarse grained soil under high stress levels and complex stress paths.
Firstly, an introduction is made to the large-scale geotechnical true tri-axial apparatus developed by Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. The functions of this apparatus can be described as follows:(1) The true tri-axial tests on coarse grained soil can be carried out steadily.(2) The maximum value of σ_3 is able to achieve 3.0 MPa, while that of σ_1 is able to achieve 15.0 MPa.(3) The specimen size is 300 mm(length)×300 mm(width)×600 mm(height).(4) The loading process can be set arbitrarily, both the stress control and the strain control are available, and loading in three directions is independently,which makes it possible to simulate complex stress paths.(5) The whole process stress-strain curves of coarsely grained soil can be obtained. Through an engineering case, the researches on the mechanical characteristics of coarse grained soil under complex stress conditions are conducted using this apparatus, and the stress-strain rules are obtained at different stress levels.The strength parameters of the specimen in different loading paths are achieved, and a preliminary analysis for the applicability of strength criterion is made. The successful development of the large-scale low-friction true tri-axial apparatus provides a new technical method in studying the strength and deformation of coarse grained soil under high stress levels and complex stress paths.
引文
[1]KIELLMAN W.Report on an apparatus for consummate investigation of the mechanical properties of soils[C]//Proceedings of the lst ICSMFE.New York,1963:667-669.
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[8]STURE S,DESAI C S.Fluid cushion truly triaxial or multi-axial testing device[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,1979,2(1):20-33.
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[10]REDDY K R,SAXENA S K,BUDIMAN J S.Development of a true triaxial testing apparatus[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,1992,15(2):89-105.
[11]MANDEVILLE D,PENUMADU D.True triaxial testing system for clay with proportional-integral-differential(PID)control[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,2004,27(2):1-11.
[12]CHOI C,ARDUINO P,HARNEY M D.Development of a true tri-axial apparatus for sands and gravels[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,2007,31(1):1-13.
[13]PRASHANT A,PENUMADU D.Effect of intermediate principal stress on overconsolidated Kaolin clay[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,130(3):284-292.
[14]LADE P V,DUNCAN J M.Cubical triaxial tests on cohesionless soils[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1973,99(10):793-812.
[15]李广信.土的三轴本构关系的探讨与模型验证[D].北京:清华大学,1985.(LI Guang-xin.A study of three-dimensional constitutive relationship of soils and an examination of various model[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1985.(in Chinese))
[16]孙红,赵锡宏,袁聚云,等.软土的真三轴试验研究[J].水利学报,2002(12):72-78.(SUN Hong,ZHAO Xi-hong,YUAN Ju-yun,et al.A study on soft soil by true tri-axial test[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002(12):72-78.(in Chinese))
[17]朱俊高,卢海华,殷宗泽.土体侧向变形性状的真三轴试验研究[J].河海大学学报,1995,23(6):28-33.(ZHUJun-gao,LU Hai-hua,YIN Zong-ze.Lateral deformation of soil in true tri-axial test[J].Journal of Hohai University,1995,23(6):28-33.(in Chinese))
[18]邵生俊,罗爱忠,邓国华,等.一种新型真三轴仪的研制与开发[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(8):1172-1179.(SHAO Sheng-jun,LUO Ai-zhong,DENG Guo-hua,et al.Development of a new true tri-axial apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(8):1172-1179.(in Chinese))
[19]程展林,王艳丽,饶锡保,等.土工真三轴试验双向微摩擦荷载传力板:201510500516.7[P].2015-08-14.(CHENGZhan-lin,WANG Yan-li,RAO Xi-bao,et al.Bi-directional micro-friction load transfer plate for geotechnical true tri-axial test:201510500516.7[P].2015-08-14.(in Chinese))
[2]PEARCE J A.A new triaxial apparatus,stress-strain behavior of soils[M].London:Yeovil Co,Ltd,1971:330-339.
[3]WOOD D M.Some aspects of the mechanical behaviour of Kaolin under truly triaxial conditions of stress and strain[D].London:University of Cambridge,1974.
[4]MATSUOKA H,SUN D A.Extension of spatially mobilized plane(SMP)to frictional and cohesive materials and its application to cemented sands[J].Soils and Foundations,1995,35(4):63-72.
[5]MATSUOKA H,SUN D A,KOGANE A,et al.Stress-strain behaviour of unsaturated soil in true triaxial tests[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2002,39:608-619.
[6]BELL J M.Stress-strain characteristics of cohesionless granular materials subjected to statically applied homogeneous loads in an open system[D].California:California Institute of Technology,1965.
[7]KO H Y,SCOTT R F.A new soiltesting apparatus[J].Géotechnique,1967,17(1):40-57.
[8]STURE S,DESAI C S.Fluid cushion truly triaxial or multi-axial testing device[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,1979,2(1):20-33.
[9]SIVAKUGAN N,CHAMEAU J L,HOLTZ R D,et al.Serve-controlled cuboidal shear device[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,1988,11(2):119-124.
[10]REDDY K R,SAXENA S K,BUDIMAN J S.Development of a true triaxial testing apparatus[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,1992,15(2):89-105.
[11]MANDEVILLE D,PENUMADU D.True triaxial testing system for clay with proportional-integral-differential(PID)control[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,2004,27(2):1-11.
[12]CHOI C,ARDUINO P,HARNEY M D.Development of a true tri-axial apparatus for sands and gravels[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,2007,31(1):1-13.
[13]PRASHANT A,PENUMADU D.Effect of intermediate principal stress on overconsolidated Kaolin clay[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,130(3):284-292.
[14]LADE P V,DUNCAN J M.Cubical triaxial tests on cohesionless soils[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1973,99(10):793-812.
[15]李广信.土的三轴本构关系的探讨与模型验证[D].北京:清华大学,1985.(LI Guang-xin.A study of three-dimensional constitutive relationship of soils and an examination of various model[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1985.(in Chinese))
[16]孙红,赵锡宏,袁聚云,等.软土的真三轴试验研究[J].水利学报,2002(12):72-78.(SUN Hong,ZHAO Xi-hong,YUAN Ju-yun,et al.A study on soft soil by true tri-axial test[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002(12):72-78.(in Chinese))
[17]朱俊高,卢海华,殷宗泽.土体侧向变形性状的真三轴试验研究[J].河海大学学报,1995,23(6):28-33.(ZHUJun-gao,LU Hai-hua,YIN Zong-ze.Lateral deformation of soil in true tri-axial test[J].Journal of Hohai University,1995,23(6):28-33.(in Chinese))
[18]邵生俊,罗爱忠,邓国华,等.一种新型真三轴仪的研制与开发[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(8):1172-1179.(SHAO Sheng-jun,LUO Ai-zhong,DENG Guo-hua,et al.Development of a new true tri-axial apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(8):1172-1179.(in Chinese))
[19]程展林,王艳丽,饶锡保,等.土工真三轴试验双向微摩擦荷载传力板:201510500516.7[P].2015-08-14.(CHENGZhan-lin,WANG Yan-li,RAO Xi-bao,et al.Bi-directional micro-friction load transfer plate for geotechnical true tri-axial test:201510500516.7[P].2015-08-14.(in Chinese))