播种期对吉林小粒大豆生育进程、产量及品质的影响
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摘要
为了探究不同播种期对吉林小粒大豆生育进程、产量及品质的影响,以3种不同生育期的小粒大豆品种为试验材料,设置5个播种期处理,研究不同播种期对小粒大豆生育进程、产量及品质的变化规律。结果表明:随着播种期的推迟,小粒大豆生育进程延后,生育期表现缩短趋势,且各处理间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);小粒大豆单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重及产量均呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,不同播期的单株荚数和单株粒数差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),A1～A3播期间百粒重差异不显著,各品种产量均在A2(5月4日)播种期最高,东农690为2 448.6 kg·hm~(-2),吉林小粒豆6号为2 606.9 kg·hm~(-2),九芽豆1号为3 101.2 kg·hm~(-2),播期间产量差异极显著(P<0.01);回归分析结果表明,播期与产量间具有很大的相关性。早播或迟播病粒率增加,完全粒率降低,蛋白质含量和蛋脂总含量降低,推迟播期籽粒粗脂肪含量持续下降;小粒大豆播期与蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著负相关关系,与脂肪含量、总蛋脂含量呈极显著负相关关系。吉林地区小粒大豆适宜播期是5月4日左右,此期间播种有利于获得高产优质的小粒大豆。
In order to explore the effects of different sowing dates on the growth process, yield and quality of Glycine gracilis in Jilin province, three Glycine gracilis varieties with different growth periods were used as experimental materials, and five sowing dates were set up. The effects of different sowing dates on the growth process, yield and quality of Glycine gracilis were studied. The results indicated that with the postponement of sowing date, the growth process of Glycine gracilis was delayed and the growth period was shortened, and the difference among treatments reached a very significant level(P<0.01). The number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and the yield of Glycine gracilis increased first and then decreased, and the difference of pods per plant and seeds per plant reached significant level(P<0.05)between different sowing dates. There was no significant difference in 100-seed weight during A1-A3. The yield of all varieties was the highest at the sowing date of A2(May 4 th). Dongnong 690 was 2 448.6 kg·ha~(-1), Jilin xiaolidou 6 was 2 606.9 kg·ha~(-1) and Jiuyadou 1 was 3 101.2 kg·ha~(-1),the yield was very significant level(P<0.01)between sowing dates.The results of regression analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between sowing date and yield. The percentage of diseased seeds increased in early sowing or late sowing, the percentage of complete seeds decreased, the content of protein and total protein and fat decreased, and the content of fat decreased continuously in delayed sowing. There was a significant or very significant negative correlation between the sowing date of Glycine gracilis and protein content, and a very significant negative correlation with fat content and total protein and fat content. The suitable sowing date of Glycine gracilis in Jilin area was about May 4 th, during which sowing was beneficial to obtain high yield and good quality.
In order to explore the effects of different sowing dates on the growth process, yield and quality of Glycine gracilis in Jilin province, three Glycine gracilis varieties with different growth periods were used as experimental materials, and five sowing dates were set up. The effects of different sowing dates on the growth process, yield and quality of Glycine gracilis were studied. The results indicated that with the postponement of sowing date, the growth process of Glycine gracilis was delayed and the growth period was shortened, and the difference among treatments reached a very significant level(P<0.01). The number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and the yield of Glycine gracilis increased first and then decreased, and the difference of pods per plant and seeds per plant reached significant level(P<0.05)between different sowing dates. There was no significant difference in 100-seed weight during A1-A3. The yield of all varieties was the highest at the sowing date of A2(May 4 th). Dongnong 690 was 2 448.6 kg·ha~(-1), Jilin xiaolidou 6 was 2 606.9 kg·ha~(-1) and Jiuyadou 1 was 3 101.2 kg·ha~(-1),the yield was very significant level(P<0.01)between sowing dates.The results of regression analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between sowing date and yield. The percentage of diseased seeds increased in early sowing or late sowing, the percentage of complete seeds decreased, the content of protein and total protein and fat decreased, and the content of fat decreased continuously in delayed sowing. There was a significant or very significant negative correlation between the sowing date of Glycine gracilis and protein content, and a very significant negative correlation with fat content and total protein and fat content. The suitable sowing date of Glycine gracilis in Jilin area was about May 4 th, during which sowing was beneficial to obtain high yield and good quality.
引文
[1] 王志新.环境因素对大豆化学品质及产量影响研究[J].大豆科学,2004,23(1):41-44.(Wang Z X.Study of the influence on shading durattion to yield and quality of soybean [J].Soybean Science,2004,23(1):41-44.)
[2] 赵双进,张孟臣,杨春燕,等.栽培因子对大豆生长发育及群体产量的影响-播期、密度、行株距(配置方式)对产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2002,24(4):29-32.(Zhao S J,Zhang M C,Yang C Y,et al.Effect of culture factors on growth and yield of soybeanⅠ.Effect of sowing date,density,space in row and plant space on yield[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2002,24(4):29-32.)
[3] 鹿文成,闫洪睿,张雷,等.不同播期对大豆产量和品质的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2005(5):35-36.(Lu W C,Yan H R,Zhang L,et al.Effects of different sowing dates on yield and quality of soybean[J].Tillage and Cultivation,2005(5):35-36.)
[4] 李灿东,窦亚南,郭泰,等.播种期对北方春早熟大豆生育进程及产量相关性状的影响[J].作物杂志,2015(6):112-116.(Li C D,Dou Y N,Guo T,et al.Effects of sowing date on development process and yield agronomic characters of early-maturing spring soybean in northeast China[J].Crops,2015(6):112-116.)
[5] 冯成玉,吴春芳,于宝富,等.播期对不同类型专用大豆生长特性和产量的影响[J].大豆通报,2007(1):28-31.(Feng C Y,Wu C F,Yu B F,et al.Effect of sowing date on growth characteristics and yield of different specialty soybean[J].Soybean Bulletin,2007(1):28-31.)
[6] 陈锦坤,孙正国,徐秀银,等.播期对专用高蛋白大豆产量和品质的调节效应[J].大豆科学,2007,26(1):89-92.(Chen J K,Sun Z G,Xu X Y,et al.Effects of sowing dates on yield and quality of special high protein soybean [J].Soybean Science,2007,26(1):89-92.)
[7] 宁海龙,孙培乐,宋华,等.不同播期对春大豆生态性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2001,27(4):73-78.( Ning H L,Sun P L,Song H,et al.Effect of sowing dates on ecological traits of spring soybean[J].Soybean Science,2001,27(4):73-78.)
[8] 王志新,杨庆凯.环境因素对大豆化学品质及产量影响研究:I.播期对大豆化学品质及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2003,22(1):45-49.(Wang Z X,Yang Q K.Study on the influence of planting date to the yield quality of soybean [J].Soybean Science,2003,22(1):45-49.)
[9] 陈立君.不同播期对大豆东农 42 产质量性状动态变化规律研究[J].中国农学通报,2009(3):122-127.(Chen L J.Study on dynamic change of yield and quality characters of soybean Dongnong 42 at different sowing dates [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009(3):122-127.)
[10] 程艳波,江炳志,蔡史欣,等.不同播期对华南夏大豆品种产量和品质的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,29(1):37-40.(Cheng Y B,Jiang B Z,Cai S X,et al.Effects of sowing date on yield and quality of summer-sown soybean in South[J].Soybean Science,2010,29(1):37-40.)
[11] 吉林省农科院.中国大豆育种与栽培[M].北京:农业出版社,1987:173-180.(Jilin Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Soybean breeding and cultivation in China[M].Beijing:Agricultural Press,1987:173-180.)
[12] 郑淑波,赵洪锟,刘晓冬,等.不同小粒大豆品种豆芽特性比较[J].吉林农业科学,2013,38(5):81-85.(Zheng S B,Zhao H K,Liu X D,et al.Comparison on the sprout characteristics of different small seed soybean varieties[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2013,38(5):81-85.)
[13] 杨光宇,郑惠玉,韩春凤,等.吉林省小粒黄豆的品种特性及栽培技术[J].作物杂志,1992(3):32-33.(Yang G Y,Zheng H Y,Han C F,et al.Variety characteristics and cultivation technology of small - grain soybean in Jilin province[J].Crops,1992(3):32-33.)
[14] 王洋,杨光宇,马晓萍,等.突出区域优势发展小粒大豆生产[J].吉林农业科学,2004,29(3):51-52.(Wang Y,Yang G Y,Ma X P,et al.High light regional advantages develop small soybean production[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2004,29(3):51-52.)
[15] 蔚荣海,雷耔耘,李羡宏,等.吉林省小粒大豆与大粒大豆某些品质性状的比较研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1998,20(3):12-16.(Wei R H,Lei Z Y,Li X H,et al.Study on comparison in quality properties of small grain and big-grain soybean in Jilin province[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,1998,20(3):12-16.)
[16] 吴俊彦.播期对黑河主栽大豆生育进程和产量及品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.(Wu J Y.Effect of sowing date on the growth,yield and quality of main soybean varieties in Heihe[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2013.)
[17] 满为群,杜维广,印文汇,等.大豆北种南移分期播种对生育期结构及产量的影响[J].大豆通报,2002(2):6,22.(Man W Q,Du W G,Yin W H,et al.Effect of different stages of soybean sowing from north to south on growth structure and yield [J].Soybean Bulletin,2002(2):6,22.)
[18] 李艳杰.大豆自然灾害救灾补种配套品种试验研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(11):8-11.(Li Y J.Study on the reseeding varieties of disaster-resistance for soybean planting[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2012(11):8-11.)
[19] 王继安,王雪峰,姬长举.不同播期对极早熟大豆产量及农艺性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2001,20(2):149-152.(Wang J A,Wang X F,Ji C J.Effects of planting times on the yield and agronomic characters of extremely early soybeans[J].Soybean Science,2001,20(2):149-152.)
[20] 王永锋,裴桂英,马赛飞,等.播期对神豆 2 号生长及产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2005(1):49.(Wang Y F,Pei G Y,Ma S F,et al.Effect of sowing date on growth and yield of Shendou 2[J].Tillage and Cultivation,2005(1):49.)
[21] 张志国,高峰,高永刚,等.播期对大豆生长状况及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(7):22-26.(Zhang Z G,G F,Gao Y G,et al.Effect of sowing date on soybean growth and yield[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(7):22-26.)
[22] 栾晓燕,杜维广,陈怡,等.播期对不同大豆品种生育阶段与光合产物积累的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2003(4):9-11.(Luan X Y,Du W G,ChenY,et al.Effect of sowing date on accumulation of assimilate and growth period of soybean cultivars[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2003(4):9-11.)
[23] 李灿东,郭泰,王志新,等.播期对耐密植大豆品种主要农艺性状及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(3):39-42.( Li C D,Guo T,Wang Z X,et al.Effects of different sowing dates on main agronomic traits and yield of close planting soybean cultivars [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(3):39-42.)
[24] 胡喜平,郭泰,齐宁,等.大豆蛋白质、脂肪含量与主要农艺性状灰色关联度分析[J].大豆通报,1998(4):11.( Hu X P,Guo T,Qi N,et al.Grey correlation analysis of protein and fat content and main agronomic traits in soybean[J].Soybean Bulletin,1998(4):11.)
[25] 于凤瑶,刘锦江,辛秀君,等.播期对高蛋白大豆产量及品质的影响[J].大豆科学,2008,27(4):620-624.(Yu F Y,Liu J J,Xin X J,et al.Effects of sowing date on yield and quality of high protein in soybean[J].Soybean Science,2008,27 (4) :620-624.)
[26] 谢运河,李小红,王同华,等.播期与密度对南方早熟春大豆产量和品质的影响[J].作物杂志,2011(3):79-82 .(Xie Y H,Li X H,Wang T H,et al.Effects of sowing date,planting density on yield and quality of early maturing spring soybeans[J].Crops,2011(3):79-82.)
[2] 赵双进,张孟臣,杨春燕,等.栽培因子对大豆生长发育及群体产量的影响-播期、密度、行株距(配置方式)对产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2002,24(4):29-32.(Zhao S J,Zhang M C,Yang C Y,et al.Effect of culture factors on growth and yield of soybeanⅠ.Effect of sowing date,density,space in row and plant space on yield[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2002,24(4):29-32.)
[3] 鹿文成,闫洪睿,张雷,等.不同播期对大豆产量和品质的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2005(5):35-36.(Lu W C,Yan H R,Zhang L,et al.Effects of different sowing dates on yield and quality of soybean[J].Tillage and Cultivation,2005(5):35-36.)
[4] 李灿东,窦亚南,郭泰,等.播种期对北方春早熟大豆生育进程及产量相关性状的影响[J].作物杂志,2015(6):112-116.(Li C D,Dou Y N,Guo T,et al.Effects of sowing date on development process and yield agronomic characters of early-maturing spring soybean in northeast China[J].Crops,2015(6):112-116.)
[5] 冯成玉,吴春芳,于宝富,等.播期对不同类型专用大豆生长特性和产量的影响[J].大豆通报,2007(1):28-31.(Feng C Y,Wu C F,Yu B F,et al.Effect of sowing date on growth characteristics and yield of different specialty soybean[J].Soybean Bulletin,2007(1):28-31.)
[6] 陈锦坤,孙正国,徐秀银,等.播期对专用高蛋白大豆产量和品质的调节效应[J].大豆科学,2007,26(1):89-92.(Chen J K,Sun Z G,Xu X Y,et al.Effects of sowing dates on yield and quality of special high protein soybean [J].Soybean Science,2007,26(1):89-92.)
[7] 宁海龙,孙培乐,宋华,等.不同播期对春大豆生态性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2001,27(4):73-78.( Ning H L,Sun P L,Song H,et al.Effect of sowing dates on ecological traits of spring soybean[J].Soybean Science,2001,27(4):73-78.)
[8] 王志新,杨庆凯.环境因素对大豆化学品质及产量影响研究:I.播期对大豆化学品质及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2003,22(1):45-49.(Wang Z X,Yang Q K.Study on the influence of planting date to the yield quality of soybean [J].Soybean Science,2003,22(1):45-49.)
[9] 陈立君.不同播期对大豆东农 42 产质量性状动态变化规律研究[J].中国农学通报,2009(3):122-127.(Chen L J.Study on dynamic change of yield and quality characters of soybean Dongnong 42 at different sowing dates [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009(3):122-127.)
[10] 程艳波,江炳志,蔡史欣,等.不同播期对华南夏大豆品种产量和品质的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,29(1):37-40.(Cheng Y B,Jiang B Z,Cai S X,et al.Effects of sowing date on yield and quality of summer-sown soybean in South[J].Soybean Science,2010,29(1):37-40.)
[11] 吉林省农科院.中国大豆育种与栽培[M].北京:农业出版社,1987:173-180.(Jilin Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Soybean breeding and cultivation in China[M].Beijing:Agricultural Press,1987:173-180.)
[12] 郑淑波,赵洪锟,刘晓冬,等.不同小粒大豆品种豆芽特性比较[J].吉林农业科学,2013,38(5):81-85.(Zheng S B,Zhao H K,Liu X D,et al.Comparison on the sprout characteristics of different small seed soybean varieties[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2013,38(5):81-85.)
[13] 杨光宇,郑惠玉,韩春凤,等.吉林省小粒黄豆的品种特性及栽培技术[J].作物杂志,1992(3):32-33.(Yang G Y,Zheng H Y,Han C F,et al.Variety characteristics and cultivation technology of small - grain soybean in Jilin province[J].Crops,1992(3):32-33.)
[14] 王洋,杨光宇,马晓萍,等.突出区域优势发展小粒大豆生产[J].吉林农业科学,2004,29(3):51-52.(Wang Y,Yang G Y,Ma X P,et al.High light regional advantages develop small soybean production[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2004,29(3):51-52.)
[15] 蔚荣海,雷耔耘,李羡宏,等.吉林省小粒大豆与大粒大豆某些品质性状的比较研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1998,20(3):12-16.(Wei R H,Lei Z Y,Li X H,et al.Study on comparison in quality properties of small grain and big-grain soybean in Jilin province[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,1998,20(3):12-16.)
[16] 吴俊彦.播期对黑河主栽大豆生育进程和产量及品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.(Wu J Y.Effect of sowing date on the growth,yield and quality of main soybean varieties in Heihe[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2013.)
[17] 满为群,杜维广,印文汇,等.大豆北种南移分期播种对生育期结构及产量的影响[J].大豆通报,2002(2):6,22.(Man W Q,Du W G,Yin W H,et al.Effect of different stages of soybean sowing from north to south on growth structure and yield [J].Soybean Bulletin,2002(2):6,22.)
[18] 李艳杰.大豆自然灾害救灾补种配套品种试验研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(11):8-11.(Li Y J.Study on the reseeding varieties of disaster-resistance for soybean planting[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2012(11):8-11.)
[19] 王继安,王雪峰,姬长举.不同播期对极早熟大豆产量及农艺性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2001,20(2):149-152.(Wang J A,Wang X F,Ji C J.Effects of planting times on the yield and agronomic characters of extremely early soybeans[J].Soybean Science,2001,20(2):149-152.)
[20] 王永锋,裴桂英,马赛飞,等.播期对神豆 2 号生长及产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2005(1):49.(Wang Y F,Pei G Y,Ma S F,et al.Effect of sowing date on growth and yield of Shendou 2[J].Tillage and Cultivation,2005(1):49.)
[21] 张志国,高峰,高永刚,等.播期对大豆生长状况及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(7):22-26.(Zhang Z G,G F,Gao Y G,et al.Effect of sowing date on soybean growth and yield[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(7):22-26.)
[22] 栾晓燕,杜维广,陈怡,等.播期对不同大豆品种生育阶段与光合产物积累的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2003(4):9-11.(Luan X Y,Du W G,ChenY,et al.Effect of sowing date on accumulation of assimilate and growth period of soybean cultivars[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2003(4):9-11.)
[23] 李灿东,郭泰,王志新,等.播期对耐密植大豆品种主要农艺性状及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(3):39-42.( Li C D,Guo T,Wang Z X,et al.Effects of different sowing dates on main agronomic traits and yield of close planting soybean cultivars [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(3):39-42.)
[24] 胡喜平,郭泰,齐宁,等.大豆蛋白质、脂肪含量与主要农艺性状灰色关联度分析[J].大豆通报,1998(4):11.( Hu X P,Guo T,Qi N,et al.Grey correlation analysis of protein and fat content and main agronomic traits in soybean[J].Soybean Bulletin,1998(4):11.)
[25] 于凤瑶,刘锦江,辛秀君,等.播期对高蛋白大豆产量及品质的影响[J].大豆科学,2008,27(4):620-624.(Yu F Y,Liu J J,Xin X J,et al.Effects of sowing date on yield and quality of high protein in soybean[J].Soybean Science,2008,27 (4) :620-624.)
[26] 谢运河,李小红,王同华,等.播期与密度对南方早熟春大豆产量和品质的影响[J].作物杂志,2011(3):79-82 .(Xie Y H,Li X H,Wang T H,et al.Effects of sowing date,planting density on yield and quality of early maturing spring soybeans[J].Crops,2011(3):79-82.)