振动对水泥稳定碎石搅拌过程和性能的影响
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摘要
为了研究振动对水泥稳定碎石搅拌过程及其性能的影响规律,通过对不同搅拌方式搅拌功率曲线的测试,结合水泥稳定碎石在搅拌过程中不同阶段的流变状态,分析振动对水泥稳定碎石搅拌过程的影响。在此基础上采用不同水泥掺量的C-B-1型和C-B-3型水泥稳定碎石混合料,开展振动搅拌与常规搅拌的对比试验,分析振动对水泥稳定碎石抗压强度、微观结构、干缩性能的影响。结果表明:水泥稳定碎石搅拌过程可根据搅拌功率变化趋势的拐点分为干拌阶段、弥散阶段、裹覆阶段和均匀阶段,混合料逐渐从弹性体转变为具有一定塑性的黏-弹性体;振动能量能减小混合料各组分间的内摩擦力,搅拌功率比常规搅拌方式低9.1%～15.2%,振动加快了各组分弥散阶段的搅拌过程,湿拌时间缩短了37.5%;与常规搅拌相比振动搅拌改善了水泥稳定碎石混合填充料的均匀性,微观结构均匀且致密,有更多的C-S-H凝胶使其抗压强度更高且强度变异系数更小;同强度标准时不同搅拌方式混合料水泥用量呈线性正相关,水泥节约量与水泥用量呈线性正相关,水泥节约率与水泥用量成反比例函数关系;振动搅拌混合料节约的水泥量随水泥用量的增加而增多;振动搅拌水泥掺量为5%的C-B-1型混合料时其平均最大干缩应变量要比常规搅拌的少20.4%,平均干缩系数少18.7%,且干缩系数变异性更小。
In order to study the influence of vibration on the mixing process and performance of cement stabilized macadam, the mixing power curves of different mixing methods were tested based on the rheological behavior of cement stabilized macadam at different stages in the mixing process. On this basis, comparative tests of vibration mixing and conventional mixing were carried out using C-B-1 and C-B-3 cement stabilized macadam mixtures with different cement dosage, and the effects of vibration on the compressive strength, microstructure, and dry shrinkage properties of cement stabilized macadam were analyzed. The results show the following: The mixing process of cement stabilized macadam can be divided into the dry mixing stage, homogeneous dispersion stage of each component, coarse aggregate coating stage, and homogeneous mixing stage according to the inflection point of the changing trend of mixing power; the mixtures change from elastomer to visco-elastic body with some plasticity; the vibration force can reduce the internal friction between the components of the mixture; the mixing power is 9.1%-15.2% lower; the vibration mixing accelerates the mixing process of each component in the uniform dispersion stage; and the wet mixing time is 37.5% shorter. Compared with conventional mixing, vibration mixing improves the uniformity of the cement stabilized macadam mixture. The microstructure is uniform and dense, which causes the material to have higher compressive strength and smaller strength variability. It is concluded that there is a linear positive correlation between the cement dosage of the mixtures in different mixing methods at the same strength standard, the cement savings are linearly and positively correlated with the cement dosage, and the cement savings rate is inversely proportional to the cement dosage. The cement savings achieved by vibration mixing increases with increase in cement content in the mixture. With vibration mixing, the average maximum dry shrinkage strain of C-B-1 mixtures with 5.0% cement dosage is 20.4% less, the average dry shrinkage coefficient is 18.7% less, and the variability of dry shrinkage coefficient is smaller, compared to conventional mixing.
In order to study the influence of vibration on the mixing process and performance of cement stabilized macadam, the mixing power curves of different mixing methods were tested based on the rheological behavior of cement stabilized macadam at different stages in the mixing process. On this basis, comparative tests of vibration mixing and conventional mixing were carried out using C-B-1 and C-B-3 cement stabilized macadam mixtures with different cement dosage, and the effects of vibration on the compressive strength, microstructure, and dry shrinkage properties of cement stabilized macadam were analyzed. The results show the following: The mixing process of cement stabilized macadam can be divided into the dry mixing stage, homogeneous dispersion stage of each component, coarse aggregate coating stage, and homogeneous mixing stage according to the inflection point of the changing trend of mixing power; the mixtures change from elastomer to visco-elastic body with some plasticity; the vibration force can reduce the internal friction between the components of the mixture; the mixing power is 9.1%-15.2% lower; the vibration mixing accelerates the mixing process of each component in the uniform dispersion stage; and the wet mixing time is 37.5% shorter. Compared with conventional mixing, vibration mixing improves the uniformity of the cement stabilized macadam mixture. The microstructure is uniform and dense, which causes the material to have higher compressive strength and smaller strength variability. It is concluded that there is a linear positive correlation between the cement dosage of the mixtures in different mixing methods at the same strength standard, the cement savings are linearly and positively correlated with the cement dosage, and the cement savings rate is inversely proportional to the cement dosage. The cement savings achieved by vibration mixing increases with increase in cement content in the mixture. With vibration mixing, the average maximum dry shrinkage strain of C-B-1 mixtures with 5.0% cement dosage is 20.4% less, the average dry shrinkage coefficient is 18.7% less, and the variability of dry shrinkage coefficient is smaller, compared to conventional mixing.
引文
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[15] 赵利军,张磊,冯忠绪,等.混凝土振动搅拌的合理振动参数[J].混凝土,2009(12):126-128.ZHAO Li-jun,ZHANG Lei,FENG Zhong-xu,et al.Rational Vibration Parameters for Vibratory Mixing Concrete [J].Concrete,2009 (12):126-128.
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[17] 张良奇,孔鲜宁,冯忠绪.水泥稳定碎石振动搅拌装置的研制及工业试验[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版,2015,40(10):1155-1161.ZHANG Liang-qi,KONG Xian-ning,FENG Zhong-xu.The Development and Industrial Tests of Vibratory Cement Stable Macadam Mixer [J].Journal of Guangxi University:Natural Science Edition,2015,40 (10):1155-1161.
[18] 赵利军,蒋文志,侯劲汝,等.搅拌方式对水泥稳定碎石混合料抗压强度的影响[J].中国公路学报,2018,31(1):151-158.ZHAO Li-jun,JIANG Wen-zhi,HOU Jin-ru,et al.Influence of Mixing Methods on Performance of Compressive Strength for Cement Stabilized Macadam Mixture [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2018,31 (1):151-158.
[19] LIU R G,HAN F H,YAN P Y.Characteristics of Two Types of C-S-H Gel in Hardened Complex Binder Pastes Blended with Slag [J].ScienceChina:Technological Sciences,2013,56 (6):1395-1402.
[20] YU S,LI H.Strength Assessment and Mechanism Analysis of Cement Stabilized Reclaimed Lime-fly Ash Macadam [J].Construction and Building Materials,2018,166:118-129.
[21] 章定文,范礼彬,刘松玉,等.水泥土搅拌桩复合地基固结机理室内模型试验[J].中国公路学报,2014,27(12):1-9.ZHANG Ding-wen,FAN Li-bin,LIU Song-yu,et al.Laboratory Model Tests on Consolidation Mechanism of Soft Clay Improved by Deep Mixing Cement Columns [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2014,27 (12):1-9.
[22] 李娟燕,周娟.水泥稳定碎石干缩研究进展简述[J].交通科技,2017(6):103-106,112.LI Juan-yan,ZHOU Juan.A Brief Review of Research Progression on Shrinkage of Cement Stabilized Macadam [J].Transportation Science & Technology,2017 (6):103-106,112.
[23] 张静,魏连雨,王涛,等.水泥稳定碎石早期微裂干缩性能试验研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(11):3865-3869,3903.ZHANG Jing,WEI Lian-yu,WANG Tao,et al.Experimental Study on Dry-shrinkage Properties of Cement Stabilized Macadam After the Early Microcracking [J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2016,35 (11):3865-3869,3903.
[24] 张海涛,梁爽,杨洪生,等.基于室内振动搅拌的水泥稳定碎石性能研究[J].中国公路学报,2018,31(8):58-65.ZHANG Hai-tao,LIANG Shuang,YANG Hong-sheng,et al.Study on Performance of Cement-stabilized Crushed Stone Based on Indoor Vibration Mix [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2018,31 (8):58-65.
[2] 张飞.混凝土施工和易性电功率判别方法与装置研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015.ZHANG Fei.Monitoring Method of Concrete Workability and Research of Device [D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2015.
[3] 朱建忠,赵亮.影响混凝土和易性的几个关键因素[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(5):140-142.ZHU Jian-zhong,ZHAO Liang.Several Key Influencing Factors on Workability of Concrete [J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2010,8 (5):140-142.
[4] ZHAO G T,SHE W,YANG G T,et al.Mechanism of Cement on the Performance of Cement Stabilized Aggregate for High Speed Railway Roadbed [J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,144:347-356.
[5] WANG Y Q,TAN Y Q,GUO M,et al.Study on the Dynamic Compressive Resilient Modulus and Frost Resistance of Semi-rigid Base Materials [J].Road Materials and Pavement Design,2017,18:259-269.
[6] YANG Y,ZHENG J L,LU S T.Research on Differences and Correlation Between Tensile,Compression and Flexural Moduli of Cement Stabilized Macadam [J].Frattura ed Integrita Strutturale,2017,11 (41):339-349.
[7] 陈浩瀚,于洪思,赵晓辉.扭矩传感器在混凝土搅拌匀质性补充判据研究上的应用[J].沈阳建筑工程学院学报:自然科学版,2002,18(4):312-315.CHEN Hao-han,YU Hong-si,ZHAO Xiao-hui.Application of Torque Transducer in the Research of Supplementary Homogeneity Criterion of Concrete Blending [J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University:Natural Science Edition,2002,18 (4):312-315.
[8] 郑少鹏.基于流变特性的新拌水泥混凝土质量控制技术研究[D].天津:河北工业大学,2012.ZHENG Shao-peng.Research of Fresh Cement Concrete Quality Control Technologies Based on Rheological Properties [D].Tianjin:Hebei University of Technology,2012.
[9] 范朝明.混凝土搅拌站搅拌质量的预测方法研究[D].泉州:华侨大学,2016.FAN Chao-ming.The Prediction Method Study of Mixing Quality in Concrete Mixing Station [D].Quanzhou:Huaqiao University,2016.
[10] CAZACLIU B,LEGRAND J.Characterization of the Granular-to-fluid State Process During Mixing by Power Evolution in a Planetary Concrete Mixer [J].Chemical Engineering Science,2008,63 (18):4617-4630.
[11] CAZACLIU B,ROQUET N.Concrete Mixing Kinetics by Means of Power Measurement [J].Cement & Concrete Research,2009,39 (3):182-194.
[12] 李立寒,黄璞,刘栋.旋转与静压成型对水泥稳定碎石性能的影响[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2016,36(6):17-25.LI Li-han,HUANG Pu,LIU Dong.Impact on Performance of Cement Stabilized Macadam Mixtures Between Gyratory Compaction and Static Compaction Methods [J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2016,36 (6):17-25.
[13] FENG Z X,WANG W Z,ZHAO L J,et al.Test Research on Concrete Vibratory Mixing Technique [C] // HAO J P,HE J J,FAN K X.Proceeding of 2006 Xi'an International Conference of Architecture and Technology.Beijing:China Architecture & Building Press,2008:825-830.
[14] 张良奇,冯忠绪.混凝土搅拌过程及其评价[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2011,31(2):101-105.ZHANG Liang-qi,FENG Zhong-xu.Process of Concrete Mixing and Its Evaluation [J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2011,31 (2):101-105.
[15] 赵利军,张磊,冯忠绪,等.混凝土振动搅拌的合理振动参数[J].混凝土,2009(12):126-128.ZHAO Li-jun,ZHANG Lei,FENG Zhong-xu,et al.Rational Vibration Parameters for Vibratory Mixing Concrete [J].Concrete,2009 (12):126-128.
[16] 刘豫,史才军,焦登武,等.新拌水泥基材料的流变特性、模型和测试研究进展[J].硅酸盐学报,2017,45(5):708-716.LIU Yu,SHI Cai-jun,JIAO Deng-wu,et al.Rheological Properties,Models and Measurements for Fresh Cementitious Materials — A Short Review [J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2017,45 (5):708-716.
[17] 张良奇,孔鲜宁,冯忠绪.水泥稳定碎石振动搅拌装置的研制及工业试验[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版,2015,40(10):1155-1161.ZHANG Liang-qi,KONG Xian-ning,FENG Zhong-xu.The Development and Industrial Tests of Vibratory Cement Stable Macadam Mixer [J].Journal of Guangxi University:Natural Science Edition,2015,40 (10):1155-1161.
[18] 赵利军,蒋文志,侯劲汝,等.搅拌方式对水泥稳定碎石混合料抗压强度的影响[J].中国公路学报,2018,31(1):151-158.ZHAO Li-jun,JIANG Wen-zhi,HOU Jin-ru,et al.Influence of Mixing Methods on Performance of Compressive Strength for Cement Stabilized Macadam Mixture [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2018,31 (1):151-158.
[19] LIU R G,HAN F H,YAN P Y.Characteristics of Two Types of C-S-H Gel in Hardened Complex Binder Pastes Blended with Slag [J].ScienceChina:Technological Sciences,2013,56 (6):1395-1402.
[20] YU S,LI H.Strength Assessment and Mechanism Analysis of Cement Stabilized Reclaimed Lime-fly Ash Macadam [J].Construction and Building Materials,2018,166:118-129.
[21] 章定文,范礼彬,刘松玉,等.水泥土搅拌桩复合地基固结机理室内模型试验[J].中国公路学报,2014,27(12):1-9.ZHANG Ding-wen,FAN Li-bin,LIU Song-yu,et al.Laboratory Model Tests on Consolidation Mechanism of Soft Clay Improved by Deep Mixing Cement Columns [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2014,27 (12):1-9.
[22] 李娟燕,周娟.水泥稳定碎石干缩研究进展简述[J].交通科技,2017(6):103-106,112.LI Juan-yan,ZHOU Juan.A Brief Review of Research Progression on Shrinkage of Cement Stabilized Macadam [J].Transportation Science & Technology,2017 (6):103-106,112.
[23] 张静,魏连雨,王涛,等.水泥稳定碎石早期微裂干缩性能试验研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(11):3865-3869,3903.ZHANG Jing,WEI Lian-yu,WANG Tao,et al.Experimental Study on Dry-shrinkage Properties of Cement Stabilized Macadam After the Early Microcracking [J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2016,35 (11):3865-3869,3903.
[24] 张海涛,梁爽,杨洪生,等.基于室内振动搅拌的水泥稳定碎石性能研究[J].中国公路学报,2018,31(8):58-65.ZHANG Hai-tao,LIANG Shuang,YANG Hong-sheng,et al.Study on Performance of Cement-stabilized Crushed Stone Based on Indoor Vibration Mix [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2018,31 (8):58-65.