人类学与跨文化艺术比较:访范·丹姆教授
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摘要
为了解西方艺术人类学的发展脉络,方李莉教授与范·丹姆教授进行了一次对话,对话同时涉及范·丹姆的学术旨趣。在个人研究中,范·丹姆将跨文化心理学和认知心理学的成果结合起来,试图解释当我们依据内部文化知识评估传入的视觉刺激时,人类心智做何反应。同时他还认为,可能存在的全人类共有的审美偏好,从而将其比较研究从撒哈拉以南的非洲拓展到了世界各地。范·丹姆教授还谈到,通过参加中国艺术人类学年会,了解到中国艺术人类学发展状况。他希望中国的研究者们更多去做民族志,记录濒临灭绝或发生重大变化的传统。
In order to learn about the development of Western anthropology of art,Professor Fang Lili had a dialogue with Professor Wilfried van Damme. Professor Wilfried van Damme described his experience of studying anthropology of art. Incorporating the findings from cross-cultural psychology and perceptual psychology as well as ethology and neuroscience,Wilfried tried to explain how human mind would respond when incoming visual stimuli were being evaluated according to internalized cultural knowledge. Moreover,because of his belief in the possibility of a universal aesthetic preference,he expanded his comparative research from sub-Saharan Africa to the rest of the world. Wilfried also mentioned that he had been following the development of Chinese anthropology of art by attending the annual conference of Society of Chinese Anthropology of Art. He hoped that Chinese researchers would do more ethnography and record the traditions that might well have been on the verge of extinction or changed considerably. Finally,he also suggested that researchers should explore fundamental guiding issues on the basis of empirical data in a given type of study and reveal underlying recurring relationships and account for them by transcending the empirical data.
In order to learn about the development of Western anthropology of art,Professor Fang Lili had a dialogue with Professor Wilfried van Damme. Professor Wilfried van Damme described his experience of studying anthropology of art. Incorporating the findings from cross-cultural psychology and perceptual psychology as well as ethology and neuroscience,Wilfried tried to explain how human mind would respond when incoming visual stimuli were being evaluated according to internalized cultural knowledge. Moreover,because of his belief in the possibility of a universal aesthetic preference,he expanded his comparative research from sub-Saharan Africa to the rest of the world. Wilfried also mentioned that he had been following the development of Chinese anthropology of art by attending the annual conference of Society of Chinese Anthropology of Art. He hoped that Chinese researchers would do more ethnography and record the traditions that might well have been on the verge of extinction or changed considerably. Finally,he also suggested that researchers should explore fundamental guiding issues on the basis of empirical data in a given type of study and reveal underlying recurring relationships and account for them by transcending the empirical data.
引文
(1)赫尔塔·哈塞尔伯格(Herta Haselberger)曾于1961年在《当代人类学》(Current Anthropology)上发表《民族学艺术的研究方法》(Method of Studying Ethnological Art)一文,附有数十位西方学者的回应和批评,全文中译长达8万余字,无疑是西方艺术人类学的最早论著之一,对于当代艺术人类学研究具有重要的参考价值。中译文收入李修建编译《国外艺术人类学读本续编》一书。
(2)该论文已有中译本,参见李修建《国外艺术人类学读本》,北京:中国文联出版社,2016年,第59~105页。
(2)该论文已有中译本,参见李修建《国外艺术人类学读本》,北京:中国文联出版社,2016年,第59~105页。