黎族的体成分与体质特征
|
摘要
1982年和1988年已经有学者报道了黎族体质人类学研究资料,近年来又报道了黎族的分子人类学研究成果。目前未见关于黎族身体组成成分的研究,也没有当前黎族的体质人类学数据。2014年11月,在海南省五指山市5个黎族村寨进行607例(男为308例,女为299例)黎族成人的人体测量。研究发现,黎族人偏瘦,肌肉较发达。随年龄增长,黎族男性体脂率的增加,主要是躯干脂肪率增大造成的,与四肢脂肪率关系不大。男性由于骨量、躯干和四肢肌肉量的下降造成瘦体质量的逐渐减小。随年龄增长,黎族女性的体脂率呈线性增大,总肌肉量呈线性减小。体脂率的逐渐增大是由于躯干和四肢的脂肪率逐渐增加造成的,总肌肉量的逐渐减小是左下肢肌肉量、躯干肌肉量逐渐下降造成的。黎族男女均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、阔面型、中鼻型、中躯干型、中胸型、宽肩型、中骨盆型、中腿型。与30年前黎族头面部资料相比,本文测量的黎族头宽、面宽值较大,头更圆些、更阔些,面更阔些,红唇较薄,形态面高值较小,男性鼻宽值较小。
There are some reports about physical anthropology studies of Li minority nationality published in 1982 and 1988 separately, and there are some research findings about molecular anthropology in recent years. However, it is still a lack of studies about body composition and physical anthropology data of Li minority nationality. Anthropometry of 607 cases spread in 5 stockaded villages in Wuzhishan city of Hainan Province of Li minority nationality adults(308 males?and?299?females)?were?measured?in?November?2014.?The?study?finds?out?that?Li?minority?nationality are thin and muscular. The body fat percentage of Li minority nationality male increases with age mainly due to the increase of trunk fat percentage and has little relationship with limbs fat percentage. The decline in lean body mass of male is due to decrease of bone mass,torso and limbs muscle. With the growth of age, body fat percentage of Li minority nationality female increases linearly, total body muscle mass decreases linearly. Gradually increasing in body fat percentage is due to increase of trunk fat percentage and limb fat percentage. Decrease of total body muscle mass is caused by decrease of while left lower limb muscle and trunk muscle mass.Li minority nationality men and women are brachycephaly, hypsicephalic type, metriocephalic type, euryprosopy, mesorrhiny, medium length of trunk, medium chest circumference, broad shoulder breadth, medium distance between iliac crests, mesatiskelic type. Comparing with the head facial data of Li minority nationality in 30 years ago, the values of head breadth and face breadth in this paper are bigger, faces are rounder and broader, and faces are wider while red lips are thinner, and morphological facial height values are smaller, the nose breadth values of males of Li minority nationality is smaller.
There are some reports about physical anthropology studies of Li minority nationality published in 1982 and 1988 separately, and there are some research findings about molecular anthropology in recent years. However, it is still a lack of studies about body composition and physical anthropology data of Li minority nationality. Anthropometry of 607 cases spread in 5 stockaded villages in Wuzhishan city of Hainan Province of Li minority nationality adults(308 males?and?299?females)?were?measured?in?November?2014.?The?study?finds?out?that?Li?minority?nationality are thin and muscular. The body fat percentage of Li minority nationality male increases with age mainly due to the increase of trunk fat percentage and has little relationship with limbs fat percentage. The decline in lean body mass of male is due to decrease of bone mass,torso and limbs muscle. With the growth of age, body fat percentage of Li minority nationality female increases linearly, total body muscle mass decreases linearly. Gradually increasing in body fat percentage is due to increase of trunk fat percentage and limb fat percentage. Decrease of total body muscle mass is caused by decrease of while left lower limb muscle and trunk muscle mass.Li minority nationality men and women are brachycephaly, hypsicephalic type, metriocephalic type, euryprosopy, mesorrhiny, medium length of trunk, medium chest circumference, broad shoulder breadth, medium distance between iliac crests, mesatiskelic type. Comparing with the head facial data of Li minority nationality in 30 years ago, the values of head breadth and face breadth in this paper are bigger, faces are rounder and broader, and faces are wider while red lips are thinner, and morphological facial height values are smaller, the nose breadth values of males of Li minority nationality is smaller.
引文
[1]杨圣敏,丁宏.中国民族志[M].北京:中央民族大学出版社,2011:354-359
[2]王自勉.人体组成学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008
[3]Mautaien C,Bagur A,Vega E,et al.Body composition in normal and osteoporotic women[J].Medisina(B Aires),1996,56:29-34
[4]Cummings SR,Nevitt MC,Browner WS,et al.Risk factors for hip fracture In white women:Study of osteoporotic fractures research group[J].New England Journal of Medicine,1995,332:767-773
[5]Ensrud KE,LIpschutz RC,Cruley JA,et al.Body size and hip fracture risk in olden women:A prospective study[J].The American Journal of Medicine,1997,103:274-280
[6]Bovier WC,Wisweil RA,Pyka G,et al.Relationship of body composition,muscie strength,and aerobic capacity to bone mineral density in older men and women[J].Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,1989,4:421-432
[7]Lau EMC,Chan YH,Chan M,et al.Vertebral deformity in Chinese men:Prevalence,risk factors,bone mineral density,and body composition?measurements[J].?Calcified?Tissue?International,?2000,?66:?47-52
[8]?Kotler?DP,?Wang?J,?PiersonR.?Studies?of?body?composition?in?patients?with?the?acquired?immunodeficiency?syndrome[J].?AM?J?Clin?Nutr,1985,42:1255-1265
[9]?Going?SB.?Densitometry.?In:?Roche?AF,?Heyms?field?SB,?Lohman?TG?(eds).?Human?Body?Composition.?Methods?and?Findings[C].?Champaign IL,USA:Human Kinetics,1996,3-24
[10]Despres JP,Ross R,Lemieux S.Imaging techniques applied to the measurement of human body composition.In:Roche AF,Heymsfield?SB,?Lohman?TG?(eds).?Human?Body?Composition:?Methods?and?Findings[C].?Champaign?IL,USA:Human Kinetics,1996,149-166
[11]Forbes GB.Human Body Composition:Growth,Aging,Nutrition and Activity[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1987,350
[12]?Lohman?TG.?Dual?energy?X-ray?absorptiometry.?In:?Roche?AF,?Heymsfield?SB,?Lohman?TG?(eds).?Human?Body?Composition?Methods and Findings[C].Champaign IL,USA:Human Kinetics,1996,63-78
[13]张海龙,席焕久,李文慧.利用生物电阻抗法分析辽宁汉族成人脂肪分布特点[J].解剖学报,2012,43(6):850-854
[14]张海龙,席焕久,付强,等.利用生物电阻抗法分析西藏藏族青少年脂肪分布特点[J].解剖学报,2013,44(1):120-123
[15]郑连斌,朱钦,王树勋,等.达斡尔族成人的皮褶厚度及其年龄变化[J].人类学学报,2003,22(1):45-50
[16]张振标,张建军.海南岛黎族体质特征之研究[J].人类学学报,1982,1(1):53-71
[17]黄新美,韦贵耀.海南岛乐东县番阳区黎族体质特征的调查[J].中山大学学报:哲学社会科学版,1986,15(3):121-126
[18]黄新美.海南岛合亩区黎族近四十年来体质变化的探讨[J].中山大学学报,1988,17(2):80-84
[19]杨电,刘超,彭汝标,等.南方汉族、黎族人群15个STR基因座频率调查[J].法医学杂志,2002,18(4):207-212
[20]李冬娜,区采莹,陈路.中国海南岛黎族3个支系小卫星MSY2多态位点的遗传学研究[J].海南医学院学报,2003,9(2):87-89
[21]李冬娜,应大君,区采莹,等.中国海南岛三个黎族支系DYS287、DYS19的多态性研究[J].遗传,2003,25(1):5-8
[22]Li DN,Wang CC,Lu Y,et al.Three phases for the early peopling of Hainan Island viewed from mitochondrial DNA[J].Journal of Systematics&Evolution,2013,51(6):671-680
[23]Li DN,Li H,Qu CY,et al.Paternal Genetic Structure of Hainan Aborigines Isolated at the Entrance to East Asia[J].PLoS One,3(5):e2168.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0002168
[24]席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:145-205
[25]王建中,刘耀荃.海南岛黎族社会调查(上卷)[M].南宁:广西民族出版社,1992:11-12
[2]王自勉.人体组成学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008
[3]Mautaien C,Bagur A,Vega E,et al.Body composition in normal and osteoporotic women[J].Medisina(B Aires),1996,56:29-34
[4]Cummings SR,Nevitt MC,Browner WS,et al.Risk factors for hip fracture In white women:Study of osteoporotic fractures research group[J].New England Journal of Medicine,1995,332:767-773
[5]Ensrud KE,LIpschutz RC,Cruley JA,et al.Body size and hip fracture risk in olden women:A prospective study[J].The American Journal of Medicine,1997,103:274-280
[6]Bovier WC,Wisweil RA,Pyka G,et al.Relationship of body composition,muscie strength,and aerobic capacity to bone mineral density in older men and women[J].Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,1989,4:421-432
[7]Lau EMC,Chan YH,Chan M,et al.Vertebral deformity in Chinese men:Prevalence,risk factors,bone mineral density,and body composition?measurements[J].?Calcified?Tissue?International,?2000,?66:?47-52
[8]?Kotler?DP,?Wang?J,?PiersonR.?Studies?of?body?composition?in?patients?with?the?acquired?immunodeficiency?syndrome[J].?AM?J?Clin?Nutr,1985,42:1255-1265
[9]?Going?SB.?Densitometry.?In:?Roche?AF,?Heyms?field?SB,?Lohman?TG?(eds).?Human?Body?Composition.?Methods?and?Findings[C].?Champaign IL,USA:Human Kinetics,1996,3-24
[10]Despres JP,Ross R,Lemieux S.Imaging techniques applied to the measurement of human body composition.In:Roche AF,Heymsfield?SB,?Lohman?TG?(eds).?Human?Body?Composition:?Methods?and?Findings[C].?Champaign?IL,USA:Human Kinetics,1996,149-166
[11]Forbes GB.Human Body Composition:Growth,Aging,Nutrition and Activity[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1987,350
[12]?Lohman?TG.?Dual?energy?X-ray?absorptiometry.?In:?Roche?AF,?Heymsfield?SB,?Lohman?TG?(eds).?Human?Body?Composition?Methods and Findings[C].Champaign IL,USA:Human Kinetics,1996,63-78
[13]张海龙,席焕久,李文慧.利用生物电阻抗法分析辽宁汉族成人脂肪分布特点[J].解剖学报,2012,43(6):850-854
[14]张海龙,席焕久,付强,等.利用生物电阻抗法分析西藏藏族青少年脂肪分布特点[J].解剖学报,2013,44(1):120-123
[15]郑连斌,朱钦,王树勋,等.达斡尔族成人的皮褶厚度及其年龄变化[J].人类学学报,2003,22(1):45-50
[16]张振标,张建军.海南岛黎族体质特征之研究[J].人类学学报,1982,1(1):53-71
[17]黄新美,韦贵耀.海南岛乐东县番阳区黎族体质特征的调查[J].中山大学学报:哲学社会科学版,1986,15(3):121-126
[18]黄新美.海南岛合亩区黎族近四十年来体质变化的探讨[J].中山大学学报,1988,17(2):80-84
[19]杨电,刘超,彭汝标,等.南方汉族、黎族人群15个STR基因座频率调查[J].法医学杂志,2002,18(4):207-212
[20]李冬娜,区采莹,陈路.中国海南岛黎族3个支系小卫星MSY2多态位点的遗传学研究[J].海南医学院学报,2003,9(2):87-89
[21]李冬娜,应大君,区采莹,等.中国海南岛三个黎族支系DYS287、DYS19的多态性研究[J].遗传,2003,25(1):5-8
[22]Li DN,Wang CC,Lu Y,et al.Three phases for the early peopling of Hainan Island viewed from mitochondrial DNA[J].Journal of Systematics&Evolution,2013,51(6):671-680
[23]Li DN,Li H,Qu CY,et al.Paternal Genetic Structure of Hainan Aborigines Isolated at the Entrance to East Asia[J].PLoS One,3(5):e2168.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0002168
[24]席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:145-205
[25]王建中,刘耀荃.海南岛黎族社会调查(上卷)[M].南宁:广西民族出版社,1992:11-12