铅、镉胁迫对果蝇生长发育和抗氧化能力的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)单一及复合胁迫对果蝇的生态毒理效应。【方法】通过在果蝇培养基中分别单独和同时添加Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+),研究Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)单一及复合胁迫对果蝇生长发育和抗氧化能力的影响。【结果】10和20 mg/L的Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)单一及复合胁迫下,果蝇的化蛹时间和羽化时间显著延长,体重显著降低,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低(P<0.05)。10 mg/L Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)单一及复合胁迫对果蝇性别比没有显著影响,20 mg/L Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)单一及复合胁迫使果蝇性别比显著增高(P<0.05)。【结论】相同浓度Cd~(2+)比Pb~(2+)对果蝇的毒害作用更大,相同浓度的Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)复合胁迫对果蝇的毒害作用高于单一胁迫。
【Objective】The ecotoxicological effects of Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+) single and compound stress on Drosophila simulans were studied.【Method】By adding Pb~(2+ )and Cd~(2+) into the medium separately or simultaneously, the influences of Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+ )single and combined stress on development and antioxidant capacity of Drosophila simulans were studied. 【Results】10 and 20 mg/L Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+ )single and combined stress significantly enhanced the larval and pupal duration. The body mass, total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) of Drosophila simulans significantly decreased compared to the control(P<0.05). 10 mg/L Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+)single and combined stress had no significant effect on the sex ratio of the adult, but 20 mg/L Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+)single and combined stress_significantly increased their sex ratio.【Conclusion】Under the same concentration of the heavy metals, Cd~(2+) was more toxic that of than Pb~(2+), combined contamination of Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+ )caused higher toxic effects than simplex contamination.
【Objective】The ecotoxicological effects of Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+) single and compound stress on Drosophila simulans were studied.【Method】By adding Pb~(2+ )and Cd~(2+) into the medium separately or simultaneously, the influences of Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+ )single and combined stress on development and antioxidant capacity of Drosophila simulans were studied. 【Results】10 and 20 mg/L Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+ )single and combined stress significantly enhanced the larval and pupal duration. The body mass, total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) of Drosophila simulans significantly decreased compared to the control(P<0.05). 10 mg/L Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+)single and combined stress had no significant effect on the sex ratio of the adult, but 20 mg/L Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+)single and combined stress_significantly increased their sex ratio.【Conclusion】Under the same concentration of the heavy metals, Cd~(2+) was more toxic that of than Pb~(2+), combined contamination of Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+ )caused higher toxic effects than simplex contamination.
引文
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[16]肖旭峰,解庆娓,蔡玲.芹菜对镉、铅胁迫的生理响应及抗氧化酶基因表达特性分析[J].核农学报,2017,31(9):1864-1871.
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[20]王跃,李丽君,张育平,等.铬在中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)体内的累积及对抗氧化系统的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):228l-2286.
[21]Xia L,Chen S,Dahms H U,et al.Cadmium induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of Meretrix meretrix[J].Ecotoxicology,2016,25(5):959-969.
[22]陈壁锋,黄俊明,杨杏芬,等.铅对果蝇性活力及寿命影响的实验研究[J].中国职业医学,2004,31(3):15-17.
[23]Augustyniak M,Migula P,Mesjasz-Przyby owicz J,et al.Shortterm effects of dimethoate on metabolic responses in Chrysolina pardalina(Chrysomelidae)feeding on Berkheya coddii(Asteraceae),a hyper-accumulator of nickel[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,150(2):218-224.
[2]Cheng S.Heavy metal pollution in China:origin,pattern and control[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2003,10(3):192-198.
[3]Wang Y,Wang L J,Zhu Z H,et al.The molecular characterization of antioxidant enzyme genes in Helicoverpa armigera adults and their involvement in response to ultraviolet-A stress[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2012,58(9):1250-1258.
[4]Marking L L,Dawson V K.Method for assessment of toxicity or efficacy of mixtures of chemicals[M].Investigations in Fish Control,no.67.Washington,DC:US Fish and Wildlife Service,1975:1-8.
[5]Yan Z,Li X,Chen J,Tam F Y,et al.Combined toxicity of cadmium and copper in Avicennia marina seedlings and the regulation of exogenous jasmonic acid[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2015,113(113C):124-132.
[6]Xu X P,Xi Y L,Huang L,et al.Effects of multi-metal(Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,and Mn)mixtures on the reproduction of freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2015,95(6):714-720.
[7]Xie J,Yang D,Sun X,et al.Combined toxicity of cadmium and lead on early life stages of the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas[J].Invertebrate Survival Journal,2017,14:210-220.
[8]Wu B,Liu Z T,Xu Y,et al.Combined toxicity of cadmium and lead on the earthworm Eisenia fetida(Annelida,Oligochaeta)[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,81(6):122-126.
[9]Wilczek G,Babczyńska A,Augustyniak M,et al.Relations between metals(Zn,Pb,Cd and Cu)and glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes in spiders from a heavy metal pollution gradient[J].Environmental Pollution,2004,132(3):453-461.
[10]Rani A,Kumar A,Lal A,et al.Cellular mechanisms of cadmiuminduced toxicity:a review[J].International Journal of Environmental Health Research,2014,24(4):378-399.
[11]Zmudzki S,Laskowski R.Biodiversity and structure of spider communities along a metal pollution gradient[J].Ecotoxicology,2012,21(5):1523-1532.
[12]Abolaji A O,Kamdem J P,Farombi E O,et al.Drosophila melanogaster as a promising model organism in toxicological studies:a mini review[J].Archives of Basic&Applied Medicine,2013,1(1):33-38.
[13]仪慧兰,李秀芬,刘晓玲.镉对果绳生长发育的影响研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2001,24(1):75-77.
[14]Li C C,Li G Y,Yun Y L.The effects of cadmium exposure on fitness-related traits and antioxidant responses in the wolf spider,Pardosa pseudoannulata[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2016,97(1):31-36.
[15]李富荣,朱娜,杨锐,等.铅、镉单一及复合污染对11个空心菜品种种子萌发和幼苗生长效应的影响[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(11):1951-1958.
[16]肖旭峰,解庆娓,蔡玲.芹菜对镉、铅胁迫的生理响应及抗氧化酶基因表达特性分析[J].核农学报,2017,31(9):1864-1871.
[17]Yan J L,Quan G X,Ding C.Effects of the combined pollution of lead and cadmium on soil urease activity and nitrification[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2013,18:78-83.
[18]Ahmad S.Antioxidant mechanisms of enzymes and proteins.In:Ahmad S(ed)Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in biology[M].New York:Chapman&Hall,1995:238-272.
[19]Mircic D,Blagojevic'D,Mataruga V P,et al.Cadmium effects on the fitness-related traits and antioxidative defense of Lymantria dispar L.larvae[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2013,20(1):209-218.
[20]王跃,李丽君,张育平,等.铬在中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)体内的累积及对抗氧化系统的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):228l-2286.
[21]Xia L,Chen S,Dahms H U,et al.Cadmium induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of Meretrix meretrix[J].Ecotoxicology,2016,25(5):959-969.
[22]陈壁锋,黄俊明,杨杏芬,等.铅对果蝇性活力及寿命影响的实验研究[J].中国职业医学,2004,31(3):15-17.
[23]Augustyniak M,Migula P,Mesjasz-Przyby owicz J,et al.Shortterm effects of dimethoate on metabolic responses in Chrysolina pardalina(Chrysomelidae)feeding on Berkheya coddii(Asteraceae),a hyper-accumulator of nickel[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,150(2):218-224.