树枝尺度下的温度分布特性研究
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摘要
为了研究树冠对周围温度的影响,通过计算流体力学及三维虚拟植物建模技术对具有树叶形态及分布的虚拟树枝进行模拟分析,获得树枝周围的温度分布。着重分析树冠结构参数即叶面积指数LAI及运行参数即入口风速v对树枝周围温度的影响。研究结果表明:热流风速对温度场造成影响,其风速越大,树枝对周围热空气的降温越不明显。在相同热流风速下,不同叶面积指数也对温度场造成影响,叶面积指数越大,树枝对周围热空气的降温越明显且热空气流经树枝后恢复到初始温度值的时间变长。
To study the influence of the crown on the ambient temperature, the virtual branches with leaves morphology and distribution were simulated and analyzed by CFD and three-dimensional virtual plant modeling techniques to obtain the temperature distribution around the branches. The analysis of the structural parameters of the crown, that is, the leaf area index LAI and the operating parameters, ie, the inlet wind velocity v, influence the temperature around the branches.The results show that the heat flow wind speed affects the temperature field, and the higher the wind speed, the less obvious the cooling of the surrounding hot air by the branches; at the same heat flow wind speed, different leaf area indexes also affect the temperature field, and the greater the leaf area index is. The more obvious the cooling of the surrounding hot air by the branches, the longer the time for the hot air to return to the initial temperature after flowing through the branches.
To study the influence of the crown on the ambient temperature, the virtual branches with leaves morphology and distribution were simulated and analyzed by CFD and three-dimensional virtual plant modeling techniques to obtain the temperature distribution around the branches. The analysis of the structural parameters of the crown, that is, the leaf area index LAI and the operating parameters, ie, the inlet wind velocity v, influence the temperature around the branches.The results show that the heat flow wind speed affects the temperature field, and the higher the wind speed, the less obvious the cooling of the surrounding hot air by the branches; at the same heat flow wind speed, different leaf area indexes also affect the temperature field, and the greater the leaf area index is. The more obvious the cooling of the surrounding hot air by the branches, the longer the time for the hot air to return to the initial temperature after flowing through the branches.
引文
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[2]寿亦萱,张大林.城市热岛效应的研究进展与展望[J].气象学报, 2012, 70(3):338-353.
[3]陈群玉.城市热岛效应的成因分析及缓解措施[J].黑龙江科技信息, 2008,(17):115-115.
[4]陈健,崔森,刘镇宇.北京夏季绿地小气候效应[J].北京林业大学学报, 1983,(1):15-25.
[5]杨士弘.城市绿化树木的降温增湿效应研究[J].地理研究,1994,13(4):74-80.
[6] Kurn D M, Bretz S E, Huang B, et al. The potential for reducing urban air temperatures and energy consumption through vegetative cooling[J]. Urban Areas, 1994.
[7] Taha H, Akbari H, Rosenfeld A. Heat island and oasis effects of vegetative canopies:Micro-meteorological field-measurements[J]. Theoretical&Applied Climatology, 1991, 44(2):123-138.
[8] Barradas V L. Air temperature and humidity and human comfort index of some city parks of Mexico City[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 1991, 35(1):24.
[9] Boukhabl M, Alkam D. Impact of Vegetation on Thermal Conditions Outside, Thermal Modeling of Urban Microclimate, Case Study:The Street of the Republic, Biskra[J]. Energy Procedia,2012, 18(18):73-84.