高寒民族地区乡村聚落边界形态量化研究——以甘南州夏河县为例
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摘要
以夏河县13个村落为研究对象,运用图底分析方法,选取合理的地理研究模型,构建乡村聚落边界的量化指标体系,将乡村聚落边界的相关数据进行量化,探讨高寒民族地区乡村聚落的形态特征.结果表明,乡村聚落形状受自然环境(地貌、气候、水文)、人文因素(佛教文化、宗族观念)及人工构筑物(历史遗迹、公共服务设施)等的影响,表现出团状与带状2种类型;乡村聚落的扩张与衰退及聚落中村民生产生活方式的不同,导致聚落的外边界与内边界互相转化,乡村聚落边界形态呈现简单平滑、复杂凹凸2种形态;通过对聚落边界形态的形状指数和分维数进行分析,乡村聚落边界形态类型呈现出团状倾向的指状、无明确倾向性的指状、团状、带状倾向的团状及带状5种形态.
Taking 13 villages in Xiahe County as samples,with the help of the concepts of landscape ecology and fractal geometry,this paper chooses a reasonable geographic research model,constructs a quantitative index system of rural settlement boundary,quantifies the relevant data of rural settlement boundary,and explores the morphological characteristics of rural settlements in the high and cold minority areas.The results show that the shape of rural settlements is influenced by natural environment(landform,climate,hydrology,etc),human factors(buddhist culture,clan concept)and artificial structures(historical relics,public service facilities),showing two types of planar morphology:cluster and belt.The boundary of rural settlements is gathered.The expansion and decline of settlements and the influence of life style of villagers in settlements have resulted in the transformation of the original outer boundary and inner boundary of settlements,and the boundary features are simple,smooth and complex,concave and convex.Through the analysis of shape index and fractal dimension of settlements' boundary,there are five types of boundary pattern of rural settlement-figure-like pattern with cluster-shaped orientation,figure-like pattern without clear orientation,cluster pattern,cluster pattern with stripshaped orientation and strip pattern.
Taking 13 villages in Xiahe County as samples,with the help of the concepts of landscape ecology and fractal geometry,this paper chooses a reasonable geographic research model,constructs a quantitative index system of rural settlement boundary,quantifies the relevant data of rural settlement boundary,and explores the morphological characteristics of rural settlements in the high and cold minority areas.The results show that the shape of rural settlements is influenced by natural environment(landform,climate,hydrology,etc),human factors(buddhist culture,clan concept)and artificial structures(historical relics,public service facilities),showing two types of planar morphology:cluster and belt.The boundary of rural settlements is gathered.The expansion and decline of settlements and the influence of life style of villagers in settlements have resulted in the transformation of the original outer boundary and inner boundary of settlements,and the boundary features are simple,smooth and complex,concave and convex.Through the analysis of shape index and fractal dimension of settlements' boundary,there are five types of boundary pattern of rural settlement-figure-like pattern with cluster-shaped orientation,figure-like pattern without clear orientation,cluster pattern,cluster pattern with stripshaped orientation and strip pattern.
引文
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[2]郭晓东,马利邦,张启媛.基于GIS的秦安县乡村聚落空间演变特征及其驱动机制研究[J].经济地理,2012,32(7):56.
[3]NEPAL S K.Tourism and rural settlements Nepal's Annapurna region[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2007,34(4):855.
[4]PAQUETTE S,DOMON G.Changing ruralities,changing landscapes:exploring social recomposition using a multiscale approach[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2003,19(4):425.
[5]LICHTER D T,JOHNSON K M.Emerging rural settlement patterns and the geographic redistribution of America's new immigrants[J].Rural Sociology,2010,71(1):109.
[6]PORTA J,PARAPAR J,DOALLO R,et al.Apopulation-based iterated greedy algorithm for the delimitation and zoning of rural settlements[J].Computers Environment&Urban Systems,2013,39(3):12.
[7]浦欣成,王竹,黄倩.乡村聚落的边界形态探析[J].建筑与文化,2013(8):48.
[8]杨定海,张瑞海,范冬英,等.海口美社村传统聚落形态变化的量化研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,49(6):868.
[9]孟晓东,张大玉.北京川底下村乡土聚落边界景观形态解析[J].中国园林,2016,32(9):11.
[10]张蔚,魏春雨.建筑复合界面初探[J].南方建筑,2004(6):33.
[11]原广司.世界聚落的教示100[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[12]徐文彩,初春生.吉林省自然聚落外部空间形态研究初探[J].吉林建筑工程学院学报,2010,27(6):52.
[13]李巍.高寒民族地区城镇体系解读与重构[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[14]王昀.传统聚落结构中的空间概念[D].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
[15]浦欣成.传统乡村聚落二维平面整体形态的量化方法研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[16]李斌,张金屯.黄土高原灌丛景观斑块形状的指数和分形分析[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(22):296.
[17]谢丹,裴保杰,杨定海.琼北乡村聚落边界形状的量化研究[J].海南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,33(3):277.
[18]刘灿然,陈灵芝.北京地区植被景观中斑块形状的指数分析[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):559.
[19]安玉源.传统聚落的演变·聚落传统的传承[D].北京:清华大学,2004.
[20]史利莎,严力蛟,黄璐,等.基于景观格局理论和理想风水模式的藏族乡土聚落景观空间解析---以甘肃省迭部县扎尕那村落为例[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6305.
[21]扎西东珠,散人.风水:藏地佛寺的自然环境选择和布置形态及其内部结构与装饰[J].西藏民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005,26(4):31.
[22]谭刚毅,阙瑾.乡村聚落的空间形态研究案例:石头板湾[J].建筑师,2010(2):46.