不同季节杉木幼苗叶片养分和代谢组分对增温和减少降水的响应
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摘要
研究冬季和夏季亚热带杉木幼苗在增温5℃和减少50%自然降水处理下叶片养分和代谢组分的变化.结果表明:由于不同季节温度和水分差异,杉木叶片的养分和生理代谢组分在不同季节有不同的表现.冬季杉木叶片碳、氮、磷和钾含量显著高于夏季.夏季减少降水、增温处理对杉木叶片各类抗氧化酶活性均无显著影响,冬季减少降水处理分别显著降低超氧化物歧化酶活性20.7%和过氧化物酶活性17.8%.冬季增温后杉木叶片非酶促的抗坏血酸含量显著增加132.5%.冬季增温+减少降水处理降低杉木碳含量,促进渗透物质脯氨酸和氮含量的累积.夏季增温+减少降水处理显著提高杉木叶片碳含量3.3%.无论是冬季还是夏季,增温+减少降水处理对杉木叶片抗氧化系统无显著影响.植物对夏季增温的适应机制与冬季增温不同,杉木叶片的养分变化对同时增温+减少降水更加敏感.为了更好地管理种植林,以提高植物的生产力,在未来气候变化下,应提高植物对养分供需和对季节响应的关注.
We examined the effects of warming( +5 ℃) and reduced natural precipitation(-50%) on nutrient status and physiological indices of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings during winter and summer in subtropical China. The results showed that seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation caused the seasonal differences in plant nutrient contents and metabolites levels.Contents of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in leaves in winter were significantly higher than those in summer. In summer,reduced precipitation and warming had no significant effects on antioxidant enzyme activities in C. lanceolata leaves. In winter,superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the leaves significantly decreased with reduced precipitation by 20.7% and17.8%. Additionally,in winter,warming treatment significantly increased non-enzymatic ascorbic acid content by 132. 5%. Carbon content decreased,whereas proline accumulation and nitrogen content increased under stress induced by combined warming and reduced precipitation in winter.However,carbon content increased by 3. 3% under the treatment of simultaneous warming and reduced precipitation in summer. In addition,combined warming and reduced precipitation had no significant effects on the antioxidant system irrespective of the season. In conclusion,the adaptation mechanism of C. lanceolata to warming in summer might be different from that in winter. The changes in nutrient contents in C. lanceolata leaves were more sensitive to stress induced by combined warming and reduced precipitation. Nutrient demand and supply and seasonal changes in plant responses under climate change scenarios should be considered for better managing forest plantations and improving plant productivity.
We examined the effects of warming( +5 ℃) and reduced natural precipitation(-50%) on nutrient status and physiological indices of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings during winter and summer in subtropical China. The results showed that seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation caused the seasonal differences in plant nutrient contents and metabolites levels.Contents of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in leaves in winter were significantly higher than those in summer. In summer,reduced precipitation and warming had no significant effects on antioxidant enzyme activities in C. lanceolata leaves. In winter,superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the leaves significantly decreased with reduced precipitation by 20.7% and17.8%. Additionally,in winter,warming treatment significantly increased non-enzymatic ascorbic acid content by 132. 5%. Carbon content decreased,whereas proline accumulation and nitrogen content increased under stress induced by combined warming and reduced precipitation in winter.However,carbon content increased by 3. 3% under the treatment of simultaneous warming and reduced precipitation in summer. In addition,combined warming and reduced precipitation had no significant effects on the antioxidant system irrespective of the season. In conclusion,the adaptation mechanism of C. lanceolata to warming in summer might be different from that in winter. The changes in nutrient contents in C. lanceolata leaves were more sensitive to stress induced by combined warming and reduced precipitation. Nutrient demand and supply and seasonal changes in plant responses under climate change scenarios should be considered for better managing forest plantations and improving plant productivity.
引文
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[8] Shaver GR,Canadell J,Chapin III FS,et al. Global warming and terrestrial ecosystems:A conceptual framework for analysis. Bio Science,2000,50:871-882
[9] Jiang YW,Huang BR. Drought and heat stress injury to two cool-season turfgrasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Science,2001,41:436-442
[10] Gargallo-Garriga A,Sardans J,Pérez-Trujillo M,et al.Warming differently influences the effects of drought on stoichiometry and metabolomics in shoots and roots. New Phytologist,2015,207:591-603
[11] Yue K,Fornara DA,Yang WQ,et al. Effects of three global change drivers on terrestrial C:N:P stoichiometry:A global synthesis. Global Change Biology,2017,23:2450-2463
[12] Rivas-Ubach A,Sardans J,Pérez-Trujillo M,et al.Strong relationship between elemental stoichiometry and metabolome in plants. PNAS,2012,109:4181-4186
[13] Sardans J, Pe1uelas J, Rivas-Ubach A. Ecological metabolomics:Overview of current developments and future challenges. Chemoecology,2011,21:191-225
[14] Charlton AJ,Donarski JA,Harrison M,et al. Responses of the pea(Pisum sativum L.)leaf metabolome to drought stress assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolomics,2008,4:312-327
[15] Gonzalez-Meler MA,Silva LBC,Dias-De-Oliveira E,et al. Experimental air warming of a Stylosanthes capitata,vogel dominated tropical pasture affects soil respiration and nitrogen dynamics. Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:46
[16] Gargallo-Garriga A,Sardans J,Rivas-Ubach A,et al.Opposite metabolic responses of shoots and roots to drought. Scientific Reports,2014,4:6829-6835
[17] Wu Y-B(吴永波),Ye B(叶波). Effects of combined elevated temperature and drought stress on antioxidative enzyme activities and reactive oxygen species metabolism of Broussonetia papyrifera seedlings. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2016,36(2):403-410(in Chinese)
[18] Rivas-Ubach A,Gargallo-Garriga A,Sardans J,et al.Drought enhances folivory by shifting foliar metabolomes in Quercus ilex trees. New Phytologist,2014,202:874-885
[19] Yan WM,Zhong YQW,Zheng SX,et al. Linking plant leaf nutrients/stoichiometry to water use efficiency on the Loess Plateau in China. Ecological Engineering,2016,87:124-131
[20] Pe1uelas J,Marino G,Llusia J,et al. Photochemical reflectance index as an indirect estimator of foliar isoprenoid emissions at the ecosystem level. Nature Communications,2013,7:598-612
[21] Yu ZP,Huang ZQ,Wang MH,et al. Nitrogen addition enhances home-field advantage during litter decomposition in subtropical forest plantations. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,90:188-196
[22] Zhang QF,Xie JS,Lyu MK,et al. Short-term effects of soil warming and nitrogen addition on the N:P stoichiometry of Cunninghamia lanceolata in subtropical regions. Plant and Soil,2017,411:395-407
[23] Tang C-D(唐偲頔),Zhang Z(张政),Cai X-Z(蔡小真),et al. Effects of warming and precipitation exclusion on soil N2O fluxes in subtropical forests. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(10):3119-3126(in Chinese)
[24] Liu XF,Yang ZJ,Lin CF,et al. Will nitrogen deposition mitigate warming-increased soil respiration in a young subtropical plantation? Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2017,246:78-85
[25] Carter MR,Gregorich EG. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. 2nd Ed. Boca Raton,FL,USA:CRC Press,2007
[26] Dhindsa RS,Plumb-Dhindsa P,Thorpe TA. Leaf senescence:Correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Journal of Experimental Botany,1981,32:93-101
[27] Walter T,John L. A photometric methods for the determination of proline. Journal of Biological Chemistry,1955,215:655-660
[28] Giannopolitis CN,Ries SK. Superoxide dismutases.Ⅰ.Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology,1977,59:309-314
[29] Kochhar S,Kochhar VK,Khanduja SD. Changes in the pattern of isoperoxidases during maturation of grape berries cv. Gulabi as affected by ethephon(2-chloroethyl)phosphoric acid. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture,1979,30:275-277
[30] Trevor E,Kraus R,Austin F. Paclobutrazol protects wheat seedlings from heat and paraquat injury is detoxification of active oxygen involved. Plant and Cell Physiology,1994,35:45-52
[31] Nakano Y,Asada K. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts.Plant and Cell Physiology,1981,22:867-880
[32] Mariotte P,Canarini A,Dijkstra FA,et al. Stoichiometric N:P flexibility and mycorrhizal symbiosis favour plant resistance against drought. Journal of Ecology,2017,105:958-967
[33] Lin CT,Wu H,Tjeerdema RS,et al. Evaluation of metabolite extraction strategies from tissue samples using NMR metabolomics. Metabolomics,2007,3:55-67
[34] Chen G(陈光),Gao Z-Y(高振宇),Xu G-H(徐国华). Adaption of plants to potassium deficiency and strategies to improve potassium use efficiency. Chinese Bulletin of Botany(植物学报),2017,52(1):89-101(in Chinese)
[35] Xiao Y(肖瑶),Wang G-X(王根绪),Yang Y(杨燕),et al. Effect of simulative warming on growth and antioxidative characteristics of Kobresia pygmaea and K.tibetica in the permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(4):1161-1167(in Chinese)
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[37] Sardans J,Pe1uelas J,Coll M,et al. Stoichiometry of potassium is largely determined by water availability and growth in Catalonian forests. Functional Ecology,2012,26:1077-1089
[38] Sardans J,Pe1uelas J. The role of plants in the effects of global change on nutrient availability and stoichiometry in the plant-soil system. Plant Physiology,2012,160:1741-1761
[39] Aranjuelo I,Molero G,Erice G,et al. Plant physiology and proteomics reveals the leaf response to drought in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.). Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62:111-123
[40] Sardans J,Pe1uelas J,Estiarte M,et al. Warming and drought alter C and N concentration, allocation and accumulation in a Mediterranean shrubland. Global Change Biology,2008,14:2304-2316
[41] Li L-J(李丽杰),Gu W-R(顾万荣),Meng Y(孟瑶),et al. Physiological and biochemical mechanism of spermidine improving drought resistance in maize seedlings under drought stress. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2018,29(2):554-564(in Chinese)
[42] Bussotti F,Borghini F,Celesti C,et al. Leaf morphology and macronutrients in broadleaved trees in central Italy. Trees,2000,14:361-368
[43] Luo Q-H(罗青红),Ning H-S(宁虎森),He M(何苗),et al. Ecophysiological responses of five sandy shrubs to drought stress. Scientia Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2017,53(11):29-42(in Chinese)
[44] Shi Q(施钦),Yin Y-L(殷云龙),Wang Z-Q(王芝权),et al. Response in cutting of Taxodium hybrid‘Zhongshanshan’ and their parents to drought and re-hydration. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(11):3435-3443(in Chinese)
[45] Sardans J,Rivas-Ubach A,Pe1uelas J. The C:N:P stoichiometry of organisms and ecosystems in a changing world:A review and perspectives. Perspectives in Plant Ecology,Evolution&Systematicas,2012,14:33-47
[46] Melillo JM,Butler S,Johnson J,et al. Soil warming,carbon-nitrogen interactions,and forest carbon budgets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2011,108:9508-9512
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