深埋秸秆量和滴灌量对温室番茄品质、产量及IWUE的影响
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摘要
为了优化东北寒区温室番茄生产中适宜深埋秸秆量和滴灌量,为该地区温室番茄产业的可持续发展提供科学依据,探讨了深埋秸秆量和膜下滴灌量对温室番茄品质、产量以及灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)的影响。通过温室小区试验,深埋秸秆量设置4个水平:0kg·hm-2(S0)、1.5×104kg·hm-2(S1)、3×104kg·hm-2(S2)、4.5×104kg·hm-2(S3);滴灌下限以田间持水量θ为基数,设置4个水平:50%θ田(W1)、60%θ田(W2)、70%θ田(W3)、80%θ田(W4),共16个处理。采用主成分分析法对番茄品质进行综合评价,以主成分综合得分量化番茄的品质指标;采用熵权法对番茄的品质、产量、灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)进行赋权,进而通过TOPSIS法对各处理下温室番茄进行综合评价。深埋秸秆量和膜下滴灌量均对番茄品质产生影响,主成分分析法对番茄品质综合评价的结果得出S1W2、S2W4为品质最优的两个处理;产量最高的S1W2处理相较于S2W4处理增产达18.7%,而且S1W2处理灌溉水利用效率达到峰值为62.54kg·m-3。TOPSIS综合评价的结果表明S1W2处理为综合效益最高的处理。番茄生育期内滴灌灌水下限控制在田间持水量的60%(整个生育期的灌水量为183.54mm),深埋段状玉米秸秆量为1.5×104kg·hm-2,在提高番茄的综合品质的同时又可以使产量和IWUE处于较高水平,从而获得最大的综合效益。
In order to optimize the amounts of deep-buried straw and drip irrigation for tomato production in greenhouse in the northeast cold region, and provide scientific basis for sustainable development of greenhouse tomato industry, the effects of deepburied straw and drip irrigation under mulch on quality and yield of tomato and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE) were discussed. A greenhouse plot experiment was conducted, with four amounts of straw:0kg·hm-2(S0), 1.5×104kg·hm-2(S1), 3×104kg·hm-2(S2)and 4.5×104kg·hm-2(S3). The lower limit of drip irrigation was based on the field water capacity, with 4 levels:50% θ田(W1),60%θ田(W2), 70%θ田(W3) and 80%θ田(W4), accounting for 16 treatments. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the quality of tomato, and the comprehensive score of principal component analysis was used to quantify the quality index of tomato.Entropy weight method was used to weigh the quality, yield and IWUE of tomato, and TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the greenhouse tomato of each treatment. The amount of buried straw and drip irrigation all had an impact on tomato quality. The results of principal component analysis showed that S1W2 and S2W4 were the best two treatments. Compared with S2W4, the highest yield of S1W2 was increased by 18.7%, and the IWUE of S1W2 with the highest yield achieved 62.54 kg·m-3. TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation results showed that S1W2 treatment was the most comprehensive treatment. The water limit of drip irrigation during the growth period of tomato was controlled at 60% of field water holding capacity(The total irrigation amount was 183.54 mm in the whole growth period) and the amount of deep buried segmental maize straw was 1.5 ×104kg·hm-2, whichcould improve the comprehensive quality of tomato, achieve higher levels of the yield and IWUE and obtain the greatest comprehensive benefit.
In order to optimize the amounts of deep-buried straw and drip irrigation for tomato production in greenhouse in the northeast cold region, and provide scientific basis for sustainable development of greenhouse tomato industry, the effects of deepburied straw and drip irrigation under mulch on quality and yield of tomato and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE) were discussed. A greenhouse plot experiment was conducted, with four amounts of straw:0kg·hm-2(S0), 1.5×104kg·hm-2(S1), 3×104kg·hm-2(S2)and 4.5×104kg·hm-2(S3). The lower limit of drip irrigation was based on the field water capacity, with 4 levels:50% θ田(W1),60%θ田(W2), 70%θ田(W3) and 80%θ田(W4), accounting for 16 treatments. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the quality of tomato, and the comprehensive score of principal component analysis was used to quantify the quality index of tomato.Entropy weight method was used to weigh the quality, yield and IWUE of tomato, and TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the greenhouse tomato of each treatment. The amount of buried straw and drip irrigation all had an impact on tomato quality. The results of principal component analysis showed that S1W2 and S2W4 were the best two treatments. Compared with S2W4, the highest yield of S1W2 was increased by 18.7%, and the IWUE of S1W2 with the highest yield achieved 62.54 kg·m-3. TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation results showed that S1W2 treatment was the most comprehensive treatment. The water limit of drip irrigation during the growth period of tomato was controlled at 60% of field water holding capacity(The total irrigation amount was 183.54 mm in the whole growth period) and the amount of deep buried segmental maize straw was 1.5 ×104kg·hm-2, whichcould improve the comprehensive quality of tomato, achieve higher levels of the yield and IWUE and obtain the greatest comprehensive benefit.
引文
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[18] WANG F,KANG S,DU T,et al.Determination of comprehensive quality index for tomato and its response to different irrigation treatments[J].Agricultural Water Management,2011,98(8):1228-1238.
[19] CHEN J,KANG S,DU T,et al.Quantitative response of greenhouse tomato yield and quality to water deficit at different growth stages[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,129(11):152-162.
[20] LIU K,ZHANG T Q,TAN C S,et al.Responses of fruit yield and quality of processing tomato to drip-irrigation and fertilizers phosphorus and potassium[J].Agronomy Journal,2011,103(5):1339-1345.
[21]唐晓伟,刘明池,郝静,等.调亏灌溉对番茄品质与风味组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):970-977.
[22]陈天助,李波,丰雪,等.深埋秸秆和覆膜对土壤水分、玉米产量及品质的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2016,47(4):493-498.
[2]姚名泽.日光温室玉米秸秆深埋条件下土壤水分运动规律研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[3]马世林,李波,王铁良.秸秆生物反应堆条件下秋冬茬温室番茄滴灌灌溉制度研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(6):10-18.
[4]马世林,李波,王铁良.秸秆生物反应堆对秋冬茬温室番茄生长特性的影响研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(5):132-136.
[5]王鹏勃,李建明,丁娟娟,等.水肥耦合对温室袋培番茄品质、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(2):314-323.
[6]王克全,郑国玉,马军勇,等.不同滴灌量对新疆温室土壤水分、番茄产量及品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(10):113-116.
[7]邢英英,张富仓,张燕,等.滴灌施肥水肥耦合对温室番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):713-726.
[8]王峰,杜太生,邱让建.基于品质主成分分析的温室番茄亏缺灌溉制度[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):75-80.
[10]王秀康,杜常亮,邢金金,等.基于水肥供应条件下温室番茄品质性状的主成分分析[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(2):698-704.
[11]李灿,张凤荣,朱泰峰,等.基于熵权TOPSIS模型的土地利用绩效评价及关联分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(5):217-227.
[12]虞娜,吴昌娟,张玉玲,等.基于熵权的TOPSIS模型在保护地番茄水肥评价中的应用[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2012,43(4):456-460.
[13]王胜楠,邹洪涛,张玉龙,等.秸秆集中深还田对土壤水分特性及有机碳组分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):154-158.
[14]袁宇霞,张富仓,张燕,等.滴灌施肥滴灌灌水下限和施肥量对温室番茄生长、产量和生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):76-83.
[15]李红峥,曹红霞,郭莉杰,等.沟灌方式和灌水量对温室番茄综合品质与产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(21):4179-4191.
[16]杨乐琦,仇淑芳,唐菲,等.基于主成分分析的观赏生菜品质综合评价[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2015,33(3):53-60.
[17] ZOU Z H,YUN Y,SUN J N.Entropy method for determination of weight of evaluating indicators in fuzzy synthetic evaluation for water quality assessment[J].环境科学学报(英文版),2006,18(5):1020.
[18] WANG F,KANG S,DU T,et al.Determination of comprehensive quality index for tomato and its response to different irrigation treatments[J].Agricultural Water Management,2011,98(8):1228-1238.
[19] CHEN J,KANG S,DU T,et al.Quantitative response of greenhouse tomato yield and quality to water deficit at different growth stages[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,129(11):152-162.
[20] LIU K,ZHANG T Q,TAN C S,et al.Responses of fruit yield and quality of processing tomato to drip-irrigation and fertilizers phosphorus and potassium[J].Agronomy Journal,2011,103(5):1339-1345.
[21]唐晓伟,刘明池,郝静,等.调亏灌溉对番茄品质与风味组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):970-977.
[22]陈天助,李波,丰雪,等.深埋秸秆和覆膜对土壤水分、玉米产量及品质的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2016,47(4):493-498.