基于机器学习的建筑形体性能评价与修改辅助方法
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摘要
结合形体设计的特点提出了一种建筑形体性能评价与修改辅助方法构想,并给出了结合参数化模型、性能模拟、机器学习的技术路线;而后以音乐厅及其音质性能为例开发了工具雏形、实现了构想的方法;最后对工具雏形进行了应用测试。结果表明,给出的方法和工具雏形,具有较好的可靠性和反馈实时性;适用于形体设计,能够帮助建筑师在不了解技术知识且没有顾问辅助下,将形体从性能不理想逐步改进至理想,有助于提高形体设计的性能及建筑师的工作效率。
This paper advocates for the performance evaluation and modification suggestion method of the building form based on characteristics of formal design, and offers a technology roadmap that integrates parametric model, performance simulation and machine learning.It develops a rudimentary tool and ways of realization for concert halls and acoustic performance within them.Tests of the tool verifies that the method and tool are reliable with real-time feedback, and they are applicable in formal design to help architects gradually optimize the form for better building performance, with either no sufficient technical knowledge or assistance of technical consultants. hence the improvement of building performance and working efficiency of architects.
This paper advocates for the performance evaluation and modification suggestion method of the building form based on characteristics of formal design, and offers a technology roadmap that integrates parametric model, performance simulation and machine learning.It develops a rudimentary tool and ways of realization for concert halls and acoustic performance within them.Tests of the tool verifies that the method and tool are reliable with real-time feedback, and they are applicable in formal design to help architects gradually optimize the form for better building performance, with either no sufficient technical knowledge or assistance of technical consultants. hence the improvement of building performance and working efficiency of architects.
引文
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[14]LIU Ligang,LIN Borong,PENG Bo.Correlation Analysis of Building Plane and Energy Consumption of High-Rise Office Building in Cold Zone of China[J].Building Simulation,2015,8(5):487-498.
[15]LIU Li,WU Di,LI Xiaojun,et al.Effect of Geometric Factors on the Energy Performance of High-Rise Office Towers in Tianjin,China[J].Building Simulation,2017,10(5):1-17.
[16]LU S,YAN X,LI J,XU W.The Influence of Shape Design on the Acoustic Performance of Concert Hal s from the Viewpoint of Acoustic Potential of Shapes[J].Acta Acustica United with Acustica,2016,102(6):1027-1044.
[17]MECHRI H,CAPOZZOLI A,CORRADO V.Use of the ANOVA Approach for Sensitive Building Energy Design[J].Applied Energy,2010,87(10):3073-3083.
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[19]程翌.多维视角下的当代演艺建筑:21世纪演艺建筑的特质与发展[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.
[20]BERANEK Leo.Concert Halls and Opera Houses[M].New York:Springer,2004.
[21]KWON Y,SIEBEIN G W.Chronological Analysis of Architectural and Acoustical Indices in Music Performance Halls[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am,2007,121(5):2691-2699.
[22]吕帅,徐卫国,燕翔.面向对象方法在参数化设计中的应用初探[J].建筑技艺,2015(3):114-117.
[23]CERDáS,GIMéNEZ A,Romero J.Room Acoustical Parameters:A Factor Analysis Approach[J].Applied Acoustics,2009,70(1):97-109.
[24]AKAMA T,SUZUKI H,OMOTO A.Distribution of Selected Monaural Acoustical Parameters in Concert Halls[J].Applied Acoustics,2010,71(6):564-577.
[25]ROSSING TD.Springer Hand book of Acoustics[M].Berlin:Springer,2007.
1)测试电脑配置情况为CPU:i7-3720;内存:8GB;显卡:GT650;系统:Win7-64ibt。计算时间可能随着计算机配置不同而改变。枚举次数定义为完成相应功能需进行的音质指标计算次数。
[2]林波荣,李紫微.面向设计初期的建筑节能优化方法[J].科学通报,2016(1):113-121.
[3]LAWSON B.How Designers Think:The Design Process[M].4th edi.London:Routledge,2005.
[4]吕帅,徐卫国,燕翔.基于快速反馈的建筑方案数字设计方法研究[J].建筑学报,2017(5):18-23.
[5]徐卫国.参数化设计与算法生形[J].世界建筑,2011(6):110-111.
[6]李飚.建筑生成设计[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2012.
[7]REINHART CF,WIENOLD J.The Daylighting Dashboard-A Simulation-Based Design Analysis for Daylit Spaces[J].Building and Environment,2011,46(2):386-396.
[8]TALBOURDET F,MICHEL P,ANDRIEUX F,et al.A Knowledge-Aid Approach for Designing HighPerformance Buildings[J].Building Simulation,2013,6(4):337-350.
[9]SILTANEN S,LOKKI T,SAVIOJA L,LYNGEC.Geometry Reduction in Room Acoustics Modeling[J].Acta Acustica United with Acustica,2008,94(3):410-418.
[10]孙澄,韩昀松.光热性能考虑下的严寒地区办公建筑形态节能设计研究[J].建筑学报,2016(2):38-42.
[11]CALDAS L,SANTOS L.Painting with Light:An Interactive Evolutionary System for Daylighting Design[J].Building and Environment,2016,109:154-174.
[12]XIE M.Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures:Methods and Applications[M].Hoboken,NJ:John Wiley&Sons,2010.
[13]YOU W,QIN M,DING W.Improving Building Facade Design Using Integrated Simulation of Daylighting,Thermal Performance and Natural Ventilation[J],Building Simulation.2013,6(3):269-282.
[14]LIU Ligang,LIN Borong,PENG Bo.Correlation Analysis of Building Plane and Energy Consumption of High-Rise Office Building in Cold Zone of China[J].Building Simulation,2015,8(5):487-498.
[15]LIU Li,WU Di,LI Xiaojun,et al.Effect of Geometric Factors on the Energy Performance of High-Rise Office Towers in Tianjin,China[J].Building Simulation,2017,10(5):1-17.
[16]LU S,YAN X,LI J,XU W.The Influence of Shape Design on the Acoustic Performance of Concert Hal s from the Viewpoint of Acoustic Potential of Shapes[J].Acta Acustica United with Acustica,2016,102(6):1027-1044.
[17]MECHRI H,CAPOZZOLI A,CORRADO V.Use of the ANOVA Approach for Sensitive Building Energy Design[J].Applied Energy,2010,87(10):3073-3083.
[18]夏春海,朱颖心.面向建筑方案的节能设计研究-设计流程和工具[J].建筑科学,2009(6):6-9.
[19]程翌.多维视角下的当代演艺建筑:21世纪演艺建筑的特质与发展[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.
[20]BERANEK Leo.Concert Halls and Opera Houses[M].New York:Springer,2004.
[21]KWON Y,SIEBEIN G W.Chronological Analysis of Architectural and Acoustical Indices in Music Performance Halls[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am,2007,121(5):2691-2699.
[22]吕帅,徐卫国,燕翔.面向对象方法在参数化设计中的应用初探[J].建筑技艺,2015(3):114-117.
[23]CERDáS,GIMéNEZ A,Romero J.Room Acoustical Parameters:A Factor Analysis Approach[J].Applied Acoustics,2009,70(1):97-109.
[24]AKAMA T,SUZUKI H,OMOTO A.Distribution of Selected Monaural Acoustical Parameters in Concert Halls[J].Applied Acoustics,2010,71(6):564-577.
[25]ROSSING TD.Springer Hand book of Acoustics[M].Berlin:Springer,2007.
1)测试电脑配置情况为CPU:i7-3720;内存:8GB;显卡:GT650;系统:Win7-64ibt。计算时间可能随着计算机配置不同而改变。枚举次数定义为完成相应功能需进行的音质指标计算次数。