雁北赖草在黄土高原的生产性能及生物学特性
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摘要
为鉴定评价栽培驯化后的新品系雁北赖草(Leymus secalinus ‘Yanbei’)在黄土高原地区的生产性能及生物学特性,选取野生赖草、农菁4号羊草(L. chinensis ‘Nongjing No.4’)作对照,在山西省太谷县山西农业大学(动物科技学院试验站草业科学系)试验地进行为期3年的品比试验。结果表明,雁北赖草干草产量最高,3年平均为10 125 kg·hm~(–2),株高达109 cm,显著高于其他参试种(P <0.05);种子产量为145 kg·hm~(–2),比野生赖草高56.4%;雁北赖草的叶长最长,蛋白质含量较高,为9.46%。综合所有的测试指标,用灰色关联度法系统分析,得出参试种在山西黄土高原地区的综合品质排序为雁北赖草>右玉居群>浑源居群>农菁4号羊草。
This study was conducted to evaluate new lines of Leymus secalinus ‘Yanbei’ for their production performance and biological characteristics. Wild L. secalinus and L. chinensis ‘Nongjing No.4’ were selected as controls, and various comparison experiments were conducted for 3 years at the experimental site of Shanxi Agricultural University(Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine experimental station at the Practaculture Science experimental site), Taigu County, Shanxi Province. The results showed that the yield of L. secalinus ‘Yanbei’ was the highest, with an average yield of 10 125 kg·ha~(–1) in 3 years and 109 cm in the vegetative shoot, which was significantly higher than that of other varieties(P < 0.05). Seed production was 145 kg·ha~(–1), which was 56.4% higher than the wild species. L. secalinus ‘Yanbei’ showed the longest leaf length and protein content(9.46%). All test indices were analyzed using the grey relational degree method. The characteristics of the test varieties were: L. secalinus ‘Yanbei’ > wild L. secalinus ‘Youyu’ > wild L. secalinus ‘Hunyuan’ >L. chinensis ‘Nongjing No.4’.
This study was conducted to evaluate new lines of Leymus secalinus ‘Yanbei’ for their production performance and biological characteristics. Wild L. secalinus and L. chinensis ‘Nongjing No.4’ were selected as controls, and various comparison experiments were conducted for 3 years at the experimental site of Shanxi Agricultural University(Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine experimental station at the Practaculture Science experimental site), Taigu County, Shanxi Province. The results showed that the yield of L. secalinus ‘Yanbei’ was the highest, with an average yield of 10 125 kg·ha~(–1) in 3 years and 109 cm in the vegetative shoot, which was significantly higher than that of other varieties(P < 0.05). Seed production was 145 kg·ha~(–1), which was 56.4% higher than the wild species. L. secalinus ‘Yanbei’ showed the longest leaf length and protein content(9.46%). All test indices were analyzed using the grey relational degree method. The characteristics of the test varieties were: L. secalinus ‘Yanbei’ > wild L. secalinus ‘Youyu’ > wild L. secalinus ‘Hunyuan’ >L. chinensis ‘Nongjing No.4’.
引文
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[2]苏联炳,苏旭.国产赖草属的分类修订.植物研究,2007,27(6):651-660.SU L B,SU X.Taxonomic notes on the genus Leymus Hochst.(Poaceae)from China.Bulletin of Botanical Research,2007,27(6):651-660.
[3]白玉娥,易津,谷安琳,国振杰.八种根茎禾草种子耐盐性研究.中国草地学报,2005,27(2):55-59.BAI Y E,YI J,GU A L,GUO Z J.Studies on salt tolerance of seeds of 8 Rhizomatous grasses.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2005,27(2):55-59.
[4]闫顺国,沈禹颖,朱兴运,赵运,张和平,柴来智,郇庚年.河西走廊盐化草甸植被分布演替与土壤水盐的关系.草业学报,1994,3(3):16-21.YAN S G,SHEN Y Y,ZHU X Y,ZHAO Y,ZHANG H P,CHAI L Z,XUN G N.On the relationships among distribution.succession as well as soil water and salt of plant vegetation in saline meadow area of Hexi Corridor.Northwestern Gansu,China.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,1994,3(3):16-21.
[5]张卫红,刘大林,苗彦军,徐雅梅,陈鸣晖,邵将.野生赖草和垂穗披碱草抗旱能力比较.草业科学,2017,34(6):1255-1263.ZHANG H W,LIU D L,MIAO Y J,XU Y M,CHEN M H,SHAO J.Comparison of drought resistance of wild Leymus secalinus and Elymus nutans in Tibet.Grass Industry Science,2017,34(6):1255-1263.
[6]李长慧,李淑娟,雷有升,胡凯,王佩羽,孙启忠.4种高原乡土禾草的抗旱生理比较.草业科学,2013,30(9):1386-1393.LI C H,LI S J,LEI Y S,HU K,WANG P Y,SUN Q Z.Study on drought resistence of four native grass species.Grass Industry Science,2013,30(9):1386-1393.
[7]周新成.我国西北地区赖草的遗传多样性及赖草属8个物种基因组来源的分子进化分析.北京:中国农业科学院博士学位论文,2006.ZHOU X C.Genetic diversity of Leymus secalinus Hochst.from north-western area of China and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genome origins of 8 Leymus species.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2006.
[8]杨瑞武.赖草属植物的系统与进化研究.雅安:四川农业大学博士学位论文,2003.YANG R W.Studies on systematics and evolution oaceae a of Leymus(Poaceae:Triticeae).PhD Thesis.Ya’an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2003.
[9]钟珉菡.利用分子标记探讨赖草属植物的系统关系.雅安:四川农业大学硕士学位论文,2008.ZHONG M H.Systematics relationships of Leymus(Poaceae:Trticeae)by molecular markers.Master Thesis.Ya’an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2008.
[10]柴官会.小麦族赖草属植物与近缘二倍体物种的RAPD和SSR分析.雅安:四川农业大学硕士学位论文,2012.CHAI G H.Phylogenetic relations hips between Leymus and related diploid Triticeae species based on RAPD and SSR markers.Master Thesis.Ya’an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2012.
[11]蔡联炳,张梅妞.国产赖草属的叶表皮特征与组群划分.植物研究,2005,25(4):400-405.CAI L B,ZHANG M N.Leaf epidemal characteristics and classifica tion of sections of section of Leymus from China.Institute of Botany,2005,25(4):400-405.
[12]王六英,赵金花.赖草属(Leymus Hochst.)3种牧草营养器官耐旱结构的研究.干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(5):23-27.WANG L Y,ZHAO J H.Studies on drought tolerance of three vegetative organs of Leymus Hochst.Arid area Resources and Environment,2001,15(5):23-27.
[13]PARMINDER K,IVAN W M,STEVEN R L,BUSHMAN B S,ALVARO G H,KIM W R,LIU L,MARK A M.Gene expression polymorphisms and ESTS associated with gravitropic response of subterranean branch meristems and growth habit in Leymus wildryes.Plant Science,2008,175(3):330-338.
[14]沙莉娜.赖草属植物的形态学、细胞学与分子系统学研究.成都:四川农业大学博士论文,2008.SHA L N.Studies on morphology,cytology and molecular phylogenetics in the genus of Leymus.PhD Thesis.Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2008.
[15]杨瑞武,魏秀华,周水红,郑有良.赖草属植物醇溶蛋白的遗传多态性.云南植物研究,2004,26(1):103410.YANG R W,WEI X H,ZHOU S H,ZHENG Y L.Genetic polymorphism of gliadin in Leymus.Yunnan Plant Research Institute,2004,26(1):103410.
[16]温涛,陈伟,史静,陈本建.温度对赖草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.青海草业,2013,22(3):25.WEN T,CHEN W,SHI J,CHEN B J.Effects of temperature on the seed germination and seedling growth of Leymus.Grass Industry in Qinghai,2013,22(3):25.
[17]杜利霞,董宽虎,乔志宏,韩汝旦,娄世杰.NaCl胁迫对赖草幼苗生理特性的影响.草原与草坪,2013,33(1):14.DU L X,DONG K H,QIAO Z H,HAN R D,LOU S J.Effects of NaCl stress on physiological characteristics of Leymus.Grassland and Turf,2013,33(1):14.
[18]杜利霞,董宽虎,乔志宏,韩汝旦,娄世杰.NaHCO3胁迫对赖草几种生理指标的影响.山西农业科学,2012,40(11):1160-1163.DU L X,DONG K H,QIAO Z H,HAN R D,LOU S J.Effect of NaHCO3 stress on physiological indexes of Leymus secalinus(Georgi)Tzvel.Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(11):1160-1163.
[19]易津,谷安琳,贾光宏,吴萧.赖草属牧草幼苗耐早性生理基础的研究.干早区资源与环境,2001,15(5):47-50.YI J,GU A L,JIA G H,WU X.Study on the physiological basis of drought-resistance of Leymus forage seedlings.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2001,15(5):47-50.
[20]LIU S H,KANG Y H,WAN S Q,WANG Z C,LIANG Z W,SUN X J.Water and salt regulation and its effects on Leymus chinensis growth under drip imigation in saline-sodic soils of the Songnen Plain.Agricultural Water Management,2011,98(9):1469-1476.
[21]叶煜辉,江明锋,陈艳,杨满业.赖草属植物的抗逆性研究进展与应用前景.生物学杂志,2009,8(4):54-57.YE Y H,JIANG M F,CHEN Y,YANG M Y.Research progress and application prospect on inverse resistance of Leymus.Journal of Biology,2009,8(4):54-57.
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