薄荷醇在墓葬壁画抢救性揭取上的应用研究
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摘要
薄荷醇是一种天然产物,在食品、日化和药物产业方面均有广泛的应用。利用薄荷醇在室温下能够自然挥发的特性,本文提出将其作为新型的墓葬壁画揭取材料用于考古发掘现场出土的墓葬壁画抢救性保护。在实验室对利用薄荷醇揭取壁画的可行性进行了系统研究,结果表明:薄荷醇能够满足壁画揭取的需求,在高于其熔点20—40℃的温度下施工具有最好的揭取效果,多次涂刷能够达到最佳的加固效果。使用薄荷醇对西安市一处唐墓壁画进行了现场壁画揭取试验,结果显示薄荷醇是一种有效的墓葬壁画揭取材料。
An important natural compound extracted from plants, menthol has been widely used in the food,cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. By taking advantage of its ability to volatilize at room temperature, this compound has been proposed as a new material useful for removing ancient tomb murals for better on-site conservation. This paper presents a feasibility study of menthol for this purpose under systematic laboratory conditions, concluding that menthol indeed meets the requirements of mural conservation work. Menthol's best operational temperature is about 20-40 ℃ higher than its melting point and the duplicative treatment of melted menthol shows the best consolidation efficacy. Finally, a field test was successfully carried out in a Tang dynasty tomb in Xi'an, which further proved that menthol is an effective material for separating the murals from the walls.
An important natural compound extracted from plants, menthol has been widely used in the food,cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. By taking advantage of its ability to volatilize at room temperature, this compound has been proposed as a new material useful for removing ancient tomb murals for better on-site conservation. This paper presents a feasibility study of menthol for this purpose under systematic laboratory conditions, concluding that menthol indeed meets the requirements of mural conservation work. Menthol's best operational temperature is about 20-40 ℃ higher than its melting point and the duplicative treatment of melted menthol shows the best consolidation efficacy. Finally, a field test was successfully carried out in a Tang dynasty tomb in Xi'an, which further proved that menthol is an effective material for separating the murals from the walls.
引文
[1]段萍.唐墓壁画保存现状及保护修复方法[J].中国文物科学研究,2007(4):56-59.
[2]陕西省考古研究院.汉唐墓葬壁画保护与修复[M].西安:三秦出版社,2010.
[3]孙洪才.新疆库车库木吐拉石窟壁画揭取保护技术[J].敦煌研究,2000(1):150-152.
[4]祁英涛.永乐宫壁画的揭取方法[J].文物,1960(Z1):82-86.
[5]徐毓明.北周李贤墓壁画的揭取和修复新技术[J].文物保护与考古科学,1990,2(1):26-31.
[6]张蜓.辽金时期弧形连砖揭取墓葬壁画的支撑保护体系研究[D].西安:西北大学,2009.
[7]杨蕊.北宋富弼墓壁画的揭取及修复保护[J].文物保护与考古科学,2010,22(1):70-76.
[8]铁付德.西汉早期柿园墓四神云气图壁画保护研究(一)——历史与现状调查[J].文物保护与考古科学,2004,16(1):47-51.
[9]王进玉.高分子粘合剂在壁画保护上的应用[J].自然杂志,1987(1):31-34.
[10]铁付德,孙淑云,王九一.已揭取壁画的损坏及保护修复[J].中原文物,2004(1):81-86.
[11]陈进良.从一次工作失误看壁画表面加固材料的性能[J].文物保护技术(1981—1991),2010(4).
[12]张群喜,李文怡,卢轩,罗黎.已加固“颠倒”唐墓壁画的科学分离与保护研究——对过去失误修复壁画的再处理[C]//文物保护与修复纪实——第八届全国考古与文物保护(化学)学术会议.2004(9).
[13]梁呈元,傅晖,李维林,夏冰,吴菊兰.薄荷油不同提取方法的比较[J].时珍国医国药,2007,18(9):2085-2086.
[14]林月彬,王晖,梁庆,陈垦.薄荷醇止痒作用的研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2009,27(7):1488-1490.
[15]王晖,许卫铭,王宗锐.薄荷醇对柴胡镇痛作用的影响[J].中医药研究,1996(2):38-39.
[16]王晖,陈丽,张瑞涛,梁庆,陈垦.薄荷醇的皮肤安全性评价[J].中药药理与临床,2008,24(3):32-35.
[17]沙拉买提·托乎提,麦尔布哈·阿不都热西提.气相色谱法定量测定牙膏中的薄荷醇、丙二醇和甘油[J].日用化学工业,2012,42(2):154-156.
[18]宋瑜冰,谢剑平,宗永立,李炎强.薄荷醇在卷烟中转移行为的控制及检测研究综述[J].香料香精化妆品,2005(3):25-28.
[19]程阔菊,王晖,陈垦.薄荷醇的安全性研究进展[J].辽宁中医杂志,2010,37(2):377-380.
[20]I.Thorup,G.Würtzen,J.Carstensen,P.olsen.Short term toxicity study in rats dosed with pulegone and menthol[J].Toxicology letters,1983,19(3):207-210.
[21]X.Han,B.Rong,X.Huang,T.Zhou,H.Luo,C.Y.Wang.The use of menthol as temporary consolidant in the excavation of qin shihuang’s terracotta army[J].Archaeometry 2014,56(6):1041-1053.
[22]J.X.Han.The use of menthol on the archaeological site at the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor[J].Study of Conservation.2014,59(supplement 1):S223-S224.
[2]陕西省考古研究院.汉唐墓葬壁画保护与修复[M].西安:三秦出版社,2010.
[3]孙洪才.新疆库车库木吐拉石窟壁画揭取保护技术[J].敦煌研究,2000(1):150-152.
[4]祁英涛.永乐宫壁画的揭取方法[J].文物,1960(Z1):82-86.
[5]徐毓明.北周李贤墓壁画的揭取和修复新技术[J].文物保护与考古科学,1990,2(1):26-31.
[6]张蜓.辽金时期弧形连砖揭取墓葬壁画的支撑保护体系研究[D].西安:西北大学,2009.
[7]杨蕊.北宋富弼墓壁画的揭取及修复保护[J].文物保护与考古科学,2010,22(1):70-76.
[8]铁付德.西汉早期柿园墓四神云气图壁画保护研究(一)——历史与现状调查[J].文物保护与考古科学,2004,16(1):47-51.
[9]王进玉.高分子粘合剂在壁画保护上的应用[J].自然杂志,1987(1):31-34.
[10]铁付德,孙淑云,王九一.已揭取壁画的损坏及保护修复[J].中原文物,2004(1):81-86.
[11]陈进良.从一次工作失误看壁画表面加固材料的性能[J].文物保护技术(1981—1991),2010(4).
[12]张群喜,李文怡,卢轩,罗黎.已加固“颠倒”唐墓壁画的科学分离与保护研究——对过去失误修复壁画的再处理[C]//文物保护与修复纪实——第八届全国考古与文物保护(化学)学术会议.2004(9).
[13]梁呈元,傅晖,李维林,夏冰,吴菊兰.薄荷油不同提取方法的比较[J].时珍国医国药,2007,18(9):2085-2086.
[14]林月彬,王晖,梁庆,陈垦.薄荷醇止痒作用的研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2009,27(7):1488-1490.
[15]王晖,许卫铭,王宗锐.薄荷醇对柴胡镇痛作用的影响[J].中医药研究,1996(2):38-39.
[16]王晖,陈丽,张瑞涛,梁庆,陈垦.薄荷醇的皮肤安全性评价[J].中药药理与临床,2008,24(3):32-35.
[17]沙拉买提·托乎提,麦尔布哈·阿不都热西提.气相色谱法定量测定牙膏中的薄荷醇、丙二醇和甘油[J].日用化学工业,2012,42(2):154-156.
[18]宋瑜冰,谢剑平,宗永立,李炎强.薄荷醇在卷烟中转移行为的控制及检测研究综述[J].香料香精化妆品,2005(3):25-28.
[19]程阔菊,王晖,陈垦.薄荷醇的安全性研究进展[J].辽宁中医杂志,2010,37(2):377-380.
[20]I.Thorup,G.Würtzen,J.Carstensen,P.olsen.Short term toxicity study in rats dosed with pulegone and menthol[J].Toxicology letters,1983,19(3):207-210.
[21]X.Han,B.Rong,X.Huang,T.Zhou,H.Luo,C.Y.Wang.The use of menthol as temporary consolidant in the excavation of qin shihuang’s terracotta army[J].Archaeometry 2014,56(6):1041-1053.
[22]J.X.Han.The use of menthol on the archaeological site at the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor[J].Study of Conservation.2014,59(supplement 1):S223-S224.