添加玉米粉、草粉及乳酸菌对马铃薯淀粉渣青贮发酵品质的影响
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摘要
为探究马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)淀粉渣最优的青贮方式,本研究分别以马铃薯淀粉渣(PP)、马铃薯淀粉渣+玉米粉(PC)、马铃薯淀粉渣+燕麦草粉(PG)作为青贮原料,再以添加乳酸菌(LAB)作为处理,以添加等量蒸馏水作为空白对照(CK),经过30 d发酵后,对所有青贮饲料发酵品质进行测定。结果发现:1) PG青贮的粗蛋白(crude protein, CP)相比于PG、PP青贮显著降低(P <0.05),而PP青贮和PC青贮的差异不显著(P> 0.05)。2) PP、PC和PG青贮中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber, NDF)含量差异显著(P <0.05),与CK相比,添加LAB后PP、PC青贮的NDF和PP青贮的酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber, ADF)含量显著降低(P <0.05)。由于添加了NDF和ADF含量较高的燕麦草粉,PG青贮组NDF和ADF显著高于其余两组处理(P <0.05)。3) PP和PC青贮的相对饲喂价值(relative feed value, RFV)显著高于PG青贮(P <0.05)。4)与淀粉渣原样相比,各个处理青贮后的pH均有不同程度的降低,乳酸含量显著升高(P <0.05)。PC青贮pH显著低于PP和PG青贮。青贮饲料在添加LAB后,PC青贮组的pH和PG组的丙酸含量显著降低(P <0.05),PG青贮组的总酸含量显著升高(P <0.05)。综合适口性以及青贮后的化学成分和发酵品质各项指标,马铃薯淀粉渣和玉米粉混合青贮效果较好,而添加乳酸菌后青贮效果更佳。
The objective of the study is to evaluate the optimal method for potato pulp silage(Solanum tuberosum)preparation. Three mixing treatments were performed with pure potato pulp(PP), potato pulp mixed with ground corn(PC),or with oat hay meal(PG). Lactobacillus(LAB) was added or not added during silage making. Distilled water was added as a control(CK). The silage samples were collected for further analysis after 30 days. The following results were obtained. 1)The crude protein(CP) contents of PG treatment were significantly reduced compared to PG and PP treatments(P < 0.05),while no significant difference was observed between PP and PC treatments(P > 0.05). 2) The neutral detergent fiber(NDF)contents of PP, PC, and PG treatments were significantly higher than CK(P < 0.05). After adding LAB, the contents of NDF in PP and PC treatments and the contents of ADF in PG treatment were significantly lower than CK(P < 0.05). The highest NDF and ADF contents were shown in PG treatment(P < 0.05). 3) The relative feed value(RFV) of PP and PC treatments was significantly higher than PG(P < 0.05). 4) Compared with the original sample of potato starch residue, the variation in pH of silage samples decreased, and the lactic acid content increased significantly(P < 0.05). The pH of PC silage was significantly lower than that of PP and PG silage. After adding LAB, the pH of PC silage and the propionate contents of PG silage decreased, and the total volatile fatty acid(TVFA) contents of PG silage increased significantly(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the optimum silage treatment for potato pulp is to mix with ground corn. The addition of LAB can promote the silage fermentation quality.
The objective of the study is to evaluate the optimal method for potato pulp silage(Solanum tuberosum)preparation. Three mixing treatments were performed with pure potato pulp(PP), potato pulp mixed with ground corn(PC),or with oat hay meal(PG). Lactobacillus(LAB) was added or not added during silage making. Distilled water was added as a control(CK). The silage samples were collected for further analysis after 30 days. The following results were obtained. 1)The crude protein(CP) contents of PG treatment were significantly reduced compared to PG and PP treatments(P < 0.05),while no significant difference was observed between PP and PC treatments(P > 0.05). 2) The neutral detergent fiber(NDF)contents of PP, PC, and PG treatments were significantly higher than CK(P < 0.05). After adding LAB, the contents of NDF in PP and PC treatments and the contents of ADF in PG treatment were significantly lower than CK(P < 0.05). The highest NDF and ADF contents were shown in PG treatment(P < 0.05). 3) The relative feed value(RFV) of PP and PC treatments was significantly higher than PG(P < 0.05). 4) Compared with the original sample of potato starch residue, the variation in pH of silage samples decreased, and the lactic acid content increased significantly(P < 0.05). The pH of PC silage was significantly lower than that of PP and PG silage. After adding LAB, the pH of PC silage and the propionate contents of PG silage decreased, and the total volatile fatty acid(TVFA) contents of PG silage increased significantly(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the optimum silage treatment for potato pulp is to mix with ground corn. The addition of LAB can promote the silage fermentation quality.
引文
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[4]OKINE A,HANADA M,AIBIBULA Y,OKAMOTO M.Ensiling of potato pulp with or without bacterial inoculants and its effect on fermentation quality,nutrient composition and nutritive value.Animal Feed Science&Technology,2005,121(3/4):329-343.
[5]ZUNONG M,TUERHONG T,OKAMOTO M,HONGO A,HANADA M.Effects of a potato pulp silage supplement on the composition of milk fatty acids when fed to grazing dairy cows.Animal Feed Science&Technology,2009,152(1/2):81-91.
[6]努尔艾拉·麦麦提敏.马铃薯淀粉渣青贮发酵的研究进展.新疆畜牧业,2016(8):17-19.Nueraila·Maimaitimin.Research progress of potato starch residue celebrating fermentation.Xin Jiang Xu Mu Ye,2016(8):17-19.
[7]孙小凡.麦类作物青贮饲料营养价值研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2003.SUN X F.Study on nutritional value of wheat crop silage.Master Thesis.Yangling:Nothwest A&F University,2003.
[8]RIGóE,ZSéDELY E,TóTH T,SCHMIDT J.Ensiling alfalfa with hydrolyzed corn meal additive and bacterial inoculant.Acta Agronomicaóváriensis,2011,53(2):15-23.
[9]BURGESS P L.Yield and nutritive value of corn,barley,wheat and forage oats as silage for lactating dairy cows.Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1993,53(2):245-250.
[10]BHANDARI S K,LI S,OMINSKI K H,WITTENBERG K M,PLAIZIER J C.Effects of the chop lengths of alfalfa silage and oat silage on feed intake,milk production,feeding behavior,and rumen fermentation of dairy cows.Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(5):1942-1958.
[11]FILYA I.The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri,and Lactobacillus plantarum,on the fermentation,aerobic stability,and ruminal degradability of low dry matter corn and sorghum silages.Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(11):3575-3581.
[12]贾莉,席旭东,韩向敏,姬丽君.马铃薯淀粉渣混合青贮玉米快速饲料发酵方法研究.甘肃农业科技,2016(4):4-7.JIA L,XI X D,HAN X M,JI L J.Study on the method of fast feed fermentation of potato starch slag mixed silage corn.Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,2016(4):4-7.
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[18]秦丽萍,柯文灿,丁武蓉,石超,郭旭生.温度对垂穗披碱草青贮品质的影响.草业科学,2013,30(9):1433-1438.QIN L P,KE W C,DING W R,SHI C,GUO X S.Effects of temperature on fermentation quality of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Elymus nutans silage.Pratacultural Science,2013,30(9):1433-1438.
[19]薛艳林,孙林,殷国梅,张园园,白春生,孙娟娟,门果桃,赵和平,玉柱,孙启忠,张宇,刘思博.生物添加剂和填装密度对菊芋青贮饲料品质的影响.畜牧与饲料科学,2017,38(1):39-43.XUE Y L,SUN L,YIN G M,ZHANG Y Y,BAI C S,SUN J J,MEN G T,ZHAO H P,YU Z,SUN Q Z,ZHANG Y,LIU S B.Effect of bio-additives and packing density on fermentation quality of Helianthus tuberosus L.silage.Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2017,38(1):39-43.
[20]刘辉,卜登攀,吕中旺,李发弟,刘士杰,张开展,王加启.凋萎和不同添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响.草业学报,2015,24(5):126-133.LIU H,BU D P,LYU Z W,LI F D,LIU S J,ZHANG K Z,WANG J Q.Effect of wilting and additive on fermentation quality of alfalfa(Medicago Sativa)silage.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(5):126-133.
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