模拟量输入合并单元计量性能测试研究
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摘要
目前对模拟量输入合并单元的计量性能研究较少,现有合并单元测试规范中与误差相关的部分均参照电子式互感器标准制定,难以满足计量性能测试的要求,限制了数字化电能计量技术的发展。为研究模拟量输入合并单元的计量特性,从信号流程角度,分析了模拟量输入合并单元的误差环节,比较了模拟量输入合并单元与电子式互感器和电子式电能表的结构异同,总结了计量特性误差影响因素。并以基本误差为例,按照不同标准对2台不同厂家生产的标称0.2 S级准确度的合并单元进行了单相和三相误差测试。测试数据显示单相测试和三相同时测试的结果有差异,说明各通道相互之间有影响,且输入信号越小,相互影响越大。针对现有合并单元测试规范不能正确反映计量性能的问题,提出评价模拟量输入合并单元计量性能时,不能仅仅参考电子式互感器标准,还应参考电子式电能表检定规程增加计量性能相关测试项目,完善计量用合并单元的相关测试规范。
At present the progress related to the research on the metering performance of analog-input merging unit is seldom reported. In existing test specification for the merging unit the content related to the measurement error is drafted by reference to the standard for the electronic instrument transformer, so it is hard to meet the requirement of metering performance test for the metering performance of the merging unit, therefore the development of digital electric energy metering technique is restricted. To research the metering performance of the analog-input merging unit, from the respective to the signal flow the element causing the error in the analog-input merging unit is analyzed and the similarities and differences among the structures of analog-input merging unit, electronic transformers and electronic watt-hour meter are compared and the factors impacting the metering performance error are summarized. Taking the basic error for example, according to different standards the single-phase and three-phase error tests for two analog-input merging units with nominal accuracy of 0.2% respectively produced by different manufacturers are performed. The test data show that there are differences between the results of single-phase measurement and the results of three-phase simultaneous measurement, it means that there are influences among the channels and the smaller the input signal, the greater the interaction is. In allusion to the defect in existing testing standard for the merging unit that the measurement results cannot correctly reflect the metering performances, it is suggested that during the assessment on the metering performance of the analog-input merging unit, not only the testing standard for the electronic transformer should be referred, but also the verification regulation for electronic watt-hour meter should be referred, and the testing items related to the meteringperformance should be added to perfect the related testing specification of the merging unit for the measurement.
At present the progress related to the research on the metering performance of analog-input merging unit is seldom reported. In existing test specification for the merging unit the content related to the measurement error is drafted by reference to the standard for the electronic instrument transformer, so it is hard to meet the requirement of metering performance test for the metering performance of the merging unit, therefore the development of digital electric energy metering technique is restricted. To research the metering performance of the analog-input merging unit, from the respective to the signal flow the element causing the error in the analog-input merging unit is analyzed and the similarities and differences among the structures of analog-input merging unit, electronic transformers and electronic watt-hour meter are compared and the factors impacting the metering performance error are summarized. Taking the basic error for example, according to different standards the single-phase and three-phase error tests for two analog-input merging units with nominal accuracy of 0.2% respectively produced by different manufacturers are performed. The test data show that there are differences between the results of single-phase measurement and the results of three-phase simultaneous measurement, it means that there are influences among the channels and the smaller the input signal, the greater the interaction is. In allusion to the defect in existing testing standard for the merging unit that the measurement results cannot correctly reflect the metering performances, it is suggested that during the assessment on the metering performance of the analog-input merging unit, not only the testing standard for the electronic transformer should be referred, but also the verification regulation for electronic watt-hour meter should be referred, and the testing items related to the meteringperformance should be added to perfect the related testing specification of the merging unit for the measurement.
引文
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[13]胡浩亮,吴伟将,雷民,等.计量用合并单元及电子式互感器计量接口规范化探讨[J].电网技术,2014,38(5):1411-1419.Hu Haoliang,Wu Weijiang,Lei Min,et al.Discussion on standardization of merging unit for metering and electronic transformer metering interface[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(5):1411-1419(in Chinese).
[14]周捷,杨永标,沈健,等.一种基于交流信号的模拟合并单元[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(2):65-66.Zhou Jie,Yang Yongbiao,Shen Jian,et al.A kind of analog metering unit based on AC signal[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(2):65-66(in Chinese).
[15]王昕,赵艳峰,刘清蝉,等.基于传统互感器的数字化变电站建设研究[J].电子器件,2013,36(3):389-392.Wang Xin,Zhao Yanfeng,Liu Qingchan,et al.Research of digitized substation construction based on the traditional transformer[J].Chinese Journal of Electron Devices,2013,36(3):389-392(in Chinese).
[16]DL/T 282—2012合并单元测试规范[S].
[17]王文华,傅晓平,沈孝贤.传统电能表与数字化电能表的对比分析[J].浙江电力,2011(5):15-17.Wang Wenhua,Fu Xiaoping,Shen Xiaoxian.Comparison and analysis of traditional and digital watt-hour meters[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2011(5):15-17(in Chinese).
[18]王鹏,杨志良,钟永泰.一种全数字化高压电能计量系统[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(6):70-72.Wang Peng,Yang Zhiliang,Zhong Yongtai,et al.All-digital power metering system for the high voltage power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(6):70-72(in Chinese).
[19]朱超,黄灿,梅军,等.基于FPGA与ARM的智能合并单元设计[J].电网技术,2011,35(6):10-14.Zhu Chao,Huang Can,Mei Jun,et al.Design of smart merging unit based on FPGA and ARM[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(6):10-14(in Chinese)
[20]李伟凯,张慧哲,郑绳楦.电子式互感器数字输出接口[J].仪表技术与传感器,2005(11):54-56.Li Weikai,Zhang Huizhe,Zheng Shengxuan.Electronic transformers’digital interface[J].Instrument Technique and Sensor,2005(11):54-56(in Chinese).
[21]沈健,陆志浩,潘勇伟,等.合并单元技术条件及测试规范[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(218):56-59.Shen Jian,Lu Zhihao,Pan Yongwei,et al.The description of merging unit’s technical requirements and test standard[J].Telecommunication for Electric Power System,2010,31(218):56-59(in Chinese).
[22]李峰.电子式电能表的结构及误差分析[J].仪器仪表标准化与计量,2006(4):29-30.Li Feng.Analysis on structure and error of static-watthour meter[J].Instrument Standardization&Metrology,2006(4):29-30(in Chinese).
[23]JJG 596—2012电子式交流电能表检定规程[S].
[2]林宇锋,钟金,吴复立.智能电网技术体系探讨[J].电网技术,2009,33(12):8-13.Lin Yufeng,Zhong Jin,Felix Wu.Discussion on smart grid supporting technologies[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(12):8-13(in Chinese).
[3]陈树勇,宋书芳,李兰欣,等.智能电网技术综述[J].电网技术,2009,33(8):1-6.Chen Shuyong,Song Shufang,Li Lanxin,et al.Survey on smart grid technology[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(8):1-6(in Chinese).
[4]李兰欣,苗培青,王俊芳.基于IEC61850的数字化变电站系统解决方案的研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(增刊):321-324.Li Lanxin,Miao Peiqing,Wang Junfang.Analyze and implementation of substation automation system based on IEC61850standard[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(Supplement):321-324(in Chinese).
[5]余贻鑫,栾文鹏.智能电网述评[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(34):1-7.Yu Yixin,Luan Wenpeng.Smart grid and its implementations[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(34):1-7(in Chinese).
[6]鲁国刚,刘骥,张长银,等.变电站的数字化技术发展[J].电网技术,2006,30(增刊):501-503.Lu Guogang,Liu Ji,Zhang Changyin,et al.The technology development of substation digitization[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(Supplement):501-503(in Chinese).
[7]李静,杨以涵,于文斌,等.电能计量系统发展综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(11):130-131.Li Jing,Yang Yihan,Yu Wenbin,et al.Review of electric energy metering system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(11):130-131(in Chinese).
[8]唐毅,江波,李红斌,等.数字电能计量系统检定方法综述[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(S2):372-376.Tang Yi,Jiang Bo,Li Hongbin,et al.Survey on the verification methods for digital electrical energy metering[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(S2):372-376(in Chinese).
[9]蒋卫,杨华云.一种基于光学互感器的全数字电能计量系统[J].电测与仪表,2010,47(539):32-35.Jiang Wei,Yang Huayun.The all-digital electrical energy metering system based on optical current and transducer[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2010,47(539):32-35(in Chinese).
[10]刘彬,叶国雄,郭克勤,等.电子式互感器性能检测及问题分析[J].高电压技术,2012,38(11):2972-2973.Liu Bin,Ye Guoxiong,Guo Keqin,et al.Quality test and problem analysis of electronic transformer[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(11):2972-2973(in Chinese).
[11]王佳颖,郭志忠,张国庆,等.光学电流互感器长期运行稳定性的试验研究[J].电网技术,2012,36(6):37-41.Wang Jiaying,Guo Zhizhong,Zhang Guoqing,et al.Experimental investigation on optical current transducer’s long-term operation stability[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(6):37-41(in Chinese).
[12]温海燕,雷林绪,张朝阳,等.基于普克尔效应的光学电压互感器的设计和实验[J].电网技术,2013,37(4):1180-1184.Wen Haiyan,Lei Linxu,Zhang Chaoyang,et al.Design and experimental research of pockels effect based optical voltage transducer[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(4):1180-1184(in Chinese).
[13]胡浩亮,吴伟将,雷民,等.计量用合并单元及电子式互感器计量接口规范化探讨[J].电网技术,2014,38(5):1411-1419.Hu Haoliang,Wu Weijiang,Lei Min,et al.Discussion on standardization of merging unit for metering and electronic transformer metering interface[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(5):1411-1419(in Chinese).
[14]周捷,杨永标,沈健,等.一种基于交流信号的模拟合并单元[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(2):65-66.Zhou Jie,Yang Yongbiao,Shen Jian,et al.A kind of analog metering unit based on AC signal[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(2):65-66(in Chinese).
[15]王昕,赵艳峰,刘清蝉,等.基于传统互感器的数字化变电站建设研究[J].电子器件,2013,36(3):389-392.Wang Xin,Zhao Yanfeng,Liu Qingchan,et al.Research of digitized substation construction based on the traditional transformer[J].Chinese Journal of Electron Devices,2013,36(3):389-392(in Chinese).
[16]DL/T 282—2012合并单元测试规范[S].
[17]王文华,傅晓平,沈孝贤.传统电能表与数字化电能表的对比分析[J].浙江电力,2011(5):15-17.Wang Wenhua,Fu Xiaoping,Shen Xiaoxian.Comparison and analysis of traditional and digital watt-hour meters[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2011(5):15-17(in Chinese).
[18]王鹏,杨志良,钟永泰.一种全数字化高压电能计量系统[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(6):70-72.Wang Peng,Yang Zhiliang,Zhong Yongtai,et al.All-digital power metering system for the high voltage power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(6):70-72(in Chinese).
[19]朱超,黄灿,梅军,等.基于FPGA与ARM的智能合并单元设计[J].电网技术,2011,35(6):10-14.Zhu Chao,Huang Can,Mei Jun,et al.Design of smart merging unit based on FPGA and ARM[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(6):10-14(in Chinese)
[20]李伟凯,张慧哲,郑绳楦.电子式互感器数字输出接口[J].仪表技术与传感器,2005(11):54-56.Li Weikai,Zhang Huizhe,Zheng Shengxuan.Electronic transformers’digital interface[J].Instrument Technique and Sensor,2005(11):54-56(in Chinese).
[21]沈健,陆志浩,潘勇伟,等.合并单元技术条件及测试规范[J].电力系统通信,2010,31(218):56-59.Shen Jian,Lu Zhihao,Pan Yongwei,et al.The description of merging unit’s technical requirements and test standard[J].Telecommunication for Electric Power System,2010,31(218):56-59(in Chinese).
[22]李峰.电子式电能表的结构及误差分析[J].仪器仪表标准化与计量,2006(4):29-30.Li Feng.Analysis on structure and error of static-watthour meter[J].Instrument Standardization&Metrology,2006(4):29-30(in Chinese).
[23]JJG 596—2012电子式交流电能表检定规程[S].