滇西翅果菊的饲用潜力评价
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摘要
为丰富我国的优良草种质资源和积极开发优良乡土草种质,本研究对云南德宏傣族景颇族自治州乡土种质滇西翅果菊(Pterocypsela indica ‘Dianxi’)开展了农艺性状观测和饲用潜力评价研究。结果得出,滇西翅果菊在云南热区具有很好的适应性,全生育期202～206 d,种子结实性能好,平均种子产量为94.75 kg·hm–2;其连续两个生产周期内的饲草产量显著高于对照品种蒙早苦荬菜(Lactuca indica ‘Mengzao’),其年均干草产量是蒙早苦荬菜的3.56倍,一个生产周期内可5次刈割利用,且再生性和饲草均衡供应性均较好。表明滇西翅果菊在云南热区乃至南方热区草地建植和草地改良中具有较大的开发利用前景。
In order to enrich and exploit forage germplasm in China, we examined the agronomic traits and forage potential of Pterocypsela indica ‘Dianxi' in Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of Dehong in Yunnan. Results showed that ‘Dianxi'has good adaptability in the tropical area of Yunnan. The growing period of ‘Dianxi ' lasted from 202 to 206 days. In addition, this species has good seeding performance, with a higher seed yield of 94.75 kg·ha–1. The average forage yields of‘Dianxi' in two growing seasons were 2.56 times more than ‘Mengzao'. The regeneration and forage-balanced supply of‘Dianxi' were better than those of ‘Mengzao', and it can be cut five times per year. In conclusion, P. indica ‘Dianxi' has greater potential on grassland establishment and pasture restoration in the tropical area in Yunnan and southern China.
In order to enrich and exploit forage germplasm in China, we examined the agronomic traits and forage potential of Pterocypsela indica ‘Dianxi' in Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of Dehong in Yunnan. Results showed that ‘Dianxi'has good adaptability in the tropical area of Yunnan. The growing period of ‘Dianxi ' lasted from 202 to 206 days. In addition, this species has good seeding performance, with a higher seed yield of 94.75 kg·ha–1. The average forage yields of‘Dianxi' in two growing seasons were 2.56 times more than ‘Mengzao'. The regeneration and forage-balanced supply of‘Dianxi' were better than those of ‘Mengzao', and it can be cut five times per year. In conclusion, P. indica ‘Dianxi' has greater potential on grassland establishment and pasture restoration in the tropical area in Yunnan and southern China.
引文
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[2]师文贵,李志勇,李鸿雁,李临杭,宁布.牧草种质资源描述规范及数据标准化进展.中国草地,2005,27(4):69-73.SHI W G,LI Z Y,LI H Y,LI L H,NING B.Progress in description criterion and data standardization of forage germplasm resources.Grassland of China,2005,27(4):69-73.
[3]杨家华,纪亚君.我国牧草种质资源遗传多样性研究进展.安徽农业科学,2009,37(2):554-556.YANG J H,JI Y J.Research progress on heredity diversity of forage germplasm resources in China.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(2):554-556.
[4]蒋尤泉.中国作物及其野生近缘植物.北京:中国农业出版社,2007:44-45.JIANG Y Q.China Crops and Their Wild Relatives.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2007:44-45.
[5]赫维人,陈永森,杨明,贾纪先.云南农业地理.昆明:云南人民出版社,1981.HE W R,CHEN Y S,YANG M,JIA J X.Agricultural Geography in Yunnan.Kunming:Yunnan Peoples Press,1981.
[6]武丕琼.云南草地资源.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1989.WU P Q.Grassland Resources in Yunnan.Guiyang:Guizhou Peoples Press,1989.
[7]黄必志,钟声.云南常见饲用植物.昆明:云南科技出版社,2016.HUANG B Z,ZHONG S.Common Forage Plants in Yunnan.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press,2016.
[8]武丕琼.云南野生饲用植物.昆明:云南科技出版社,1989.WU P Q.Wild Forage Plant in Yunnan.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1989.
[9]钟声,吴文荣,黄必志.云南乡土牧草资源及其开发利用.热带农业科学,2008,28(4):60-63.ZHONG S,WU W R,HUANG B Z.Native forage germplasm resources and its utilization in Yunnan Province.Chinese Journal of Tropical agriculture,2008,28(4):60-63.
[10]邵麟惠,齐晓.中国审定草品种集(2007-2016).北京:中国农业出版社,2017:1-2.SHAO L H,QI X.The collection of registered and exanimated forage varieties in China(2007-2016).Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2017:1-2.
[11]刘亚钊,王明利,杨春,修长柏.中国牧草种子国际贸易格局研究及启示.草业科学,2012,29(7):1176-1181.LIU Y Z,WANG M L,YANG C,XIU C B.International trade structure of forage seed of China and its enlightenment.Pratacultural Science,2012,29(7):1176-1181.
[12]翟夏杰,张蕴薇,黄顶,王堃.中美牧草育种的现状与异同.草业科学,2016,33(6):1213-1221.ZHAI X J,ZHANG Y W,HUANG D,WANG K.Status,similarities and differences on forage breeding in USA and China.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(6):1213-1221.
[13]张美艳,薛世明,南志标.纳罗克非洲狗尾草良种繁育技术研究进展.草业学报,2018,27(1):195-203.ZHANG M Y,XUE S M,NAN Z B.Advances in seed breeding and production of Setaria sphacelata cv.Narok.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(1):195-203.
[14]罗天琼,莫本田,王小利,谭金玉,龙忠富,赵明坤.豆科饲用灌木多花木蓝803在贵州喀斯特山区的生产表现.草业科学,2016,33(2):259-267.LUO T Q,MO B T,WANG X L,TAN J Y,LONG Z F,ZHAO M K.Production performance of leguminous forage shrub Indigofera Amblyatha cv.803 in Guizhou karst mountain area.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(2):259-267.
[15]陈志宏,李晓芳,贠旭疆,刘丑生,王志刚,丁黎清.我国草种质资源的多样性及其保护.草业科学,2009,26(5):1-6.CHEN Z H,LI X F,YUN X J,LIU C S,WANG Z G,DING L Q.Diversity and conservation of forage germplasm resources in China.Pratacultural Science,2009,26(5):1-6.
[16]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.ZHANG L Y.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Inspection Technology.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2007.
[17]毛培胜,韩建国,王颖,刘刚.施肥处理对老芒麦种子质量和产量的影响.草业科学,2001,18(4):7-13.MAO P S,HAN J G,WANG Y,LIU G.Effects of fertilization on seed yield and seed quality of Elymus sibiricus.Pratacultural Science,2001,18(4):7-13.
[18]张美艳,薛世明,崔玲艳,徐驰,匡崇义,黄梅芬.不同收种时间和收种方式对贝斯莉斯克伏生臂形草种子产量和质量的影响.草业学报,2014,23(4):351-356.ZHANG M Y,XUE S M,CUI L Y,XU C,KUANG C Y,HUANG M F.Effect of harvest time and harvest method on seed yield and quality of Brachiaria decumbens‘Basilisk’.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(4):351-356.
[19]尹吉东,常洁,张美艳,成苗苗,钟声,薛世明.德宏州野生牧草种质资源现状及利用.草地学报,2016,24(4):923-927.YIN J D,CHANG J,ZHANG M Y,CHENG M M,ZHONG S,XUE S M.Status and utilization of wild forage germplasm in dehong district.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(4):923-927.
[20]何毅,李青,王历宽.应用灰色关联度理论对高寒牧区引种的苜蓿进行综合评价.草业科学,2002,19(4):33-36.HE Y,LI Q,WANG L K.Comprehensive evaluation on alfalfa introduced in high and cool pastoral area with the theory of grey relevancy.Pratacultural Science,2002,19(4):33-36.
[21]黄春琼,刘国道,白昌军.17份落花生种质资源营养价值评价.热带农业科学,2016,36(4):51-54.HUANG C Q,LIU G D,BAI C J.Evaluation of nutrition value of 17 Arachis Linn.accessions.Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2016,36(4):51-54.
[22]莫本田,罗天琼,唐成斌.贵州主要野生禾本科牧草营养价值灰色分析.贵州农业科学,1996(5):42-46.MO B T,LUO T Q,TANG C B.Grey system analysis on nutritive value of main wild herbage of grass family in Guizhou.Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,1996(5):42-46.
[23]陈艳琴,周汉林,刘国道.山蚂蝗饲料资源研究进展.草业科学,2010,27(10):173-178.CHEN Y Q,ZHOU H L,LIU G D.Review on Desmodium as feed resources.Pratacultural Science,2010,27(10):173-178.
[24]李茂,陈艳琴,字学娟,周汉林.山蚂蝗属植物饲用价值评价.中国草地学报,2013,35(6):53-57.LI M,CHEN Y Q,ZI X J,ZHOU H L.Feeding values assessment of species of Desmodium.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(6):53-57.
[25]张美艳,薛世明,蔡明,韩云华,钟声,匡崇义,高月娥.西双版纳野生牧草种质资源调查及评价.草地学报,2017,25(1):155-164.ZHANG M Y,XUE S M,CAI M,HAN Y H,ZHONG S,KUANG C Y,GAO Y E.Investigation and evaluation on wild forage germplasm resources in Xishuangbanna district.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(1):155-164.
[26]万国栋.河西走廊东部豆科牧草资源及其评价.草业科学,2003,20(7):5-7.WAN G D.Evaluation on the leguminosae forage resources in the east of Hexi Corridor.Pratacultural Science,2003,20(7):5-7.
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