基于生态位理论的黄土丘陵区耕地整治优先度及模式研究
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摘要
[目的]从生态适宜性角度构建耕地整治适宜性评价体系,确定耕地整治优先度及其模式,为制定差别化耕地整治政策提供科学依据。[方法]以生态位理论为基础,以山西省太谷县为例,从生产潜力、空间形态、区位条件3个维度构建了黄土丘陵区耕地整治生态位适宜度评价体系,通过评判耕地现实生态位与最适生态位的贴近程度确定各研究单元耕地整治生态位适宜度,并采用GIS标准分类法对此进行耕地整治优先度划分,最后结合关键指标组合法确定不同区域的耕地整治模式。[结果]研究区耕地整治生态位适宜度范围介于26.02～93.57之间,且整体分布非均衡性突出。根据耕地整治生态位适宜度评价结果,可将研究区划为优先、一般和限制整治区域,分别占研究区耕地面积的49.50%,30.28%和20.22%。划分结果与研究区耕地利用现状基本吻合。通过对关键指标的组合分析确定了耕地整治的3种模式:坡改梯模式、农田水利建设及完善模式和道路通达度提升模式。[结论]运用生态位适宜度模型研究耕地整治优先度科学合理,是一种可行的方法。
[Objective]To establish the niche-fitness evaluation index system for cultivated land consolidation from the perspective of ecological suitability,in order to provide scientific references for making differentiated cultivated land consolidation policies.[Methods]Based on niche theory,10 indicators from three index layers(potential productivity,spatial pattern,location condition)were used to establish the niche-fitness evaluation index system for cultivated land consolidation of the loess hilly region.Taigu County of Shanxi Province was taken as an example.The niche-fitness value in each research unit was determined by the matching degree between the actual and optimal ecological niche of cultivated land.The standard classification method based on GIS was used to divide the priority of cultivated land consolidation.Finally,cultivated land consolidation modes in different areas were determined.[Results]The niche-fitness value of cultivated land consolidation in the study area ranged from 26.02 to 93.57,and the overall distribution was uneven.According to the niche-fitness evaluation results,the study area could be divided into priority consolidation area,general consolidation area and restricted consolidation area,accounting for 49.50%,30.28% and 20.22% of the cultivated land area,respectively.The results of division were basically consistent with the present situation of cultivated land utilization in the study area.Through the combination analysis of key indicators,three modes of cultivated land consolidation were identified:transforming slope farmland to terraces,construction and perfection of farmland irrigation and water conservancy,and improving road accessibility.[Conclusion]It is feasible to study the priority of cultivated land consolidation by using niche-fitness model.
[Objective]To establish the niche-fitness evaluation index system for cultivated land consolidation from the perspective of ecological suitability,in order to provide scientific references for making differentiated cultivated land consolidation policies.[Methods]Based on niche theory,10 indicators from three index layers(potential productivity,spatial pattern,location condition)were used to establish the niche-fitness evaluation index system for cultivated land consolidation of the loess hilly region.Taigu County of Shanxi Province was taken as an example.The niche-fitness value in each research unit was determined by the matching degree between the actual and optimal ecological niche of cultivated land.The standard classification method based on GIS was used to divide the priority of cultivated land consolidation.Finally,cultivated land consolidation modes in different areas were determined.[Results]The niche-fitness value of cultivated land consolidation in the study area ranged from 26.02 to 93.57,and the overall distribution was uneven.According to the niche-fitness evaluation results,the study area could be divided into priority consolidation area,general consolidation area and restricted consolidation area,accounting for 49.50%,30.28% and 20.22% of the cultivated land area,respectively.The results of division were basically consistent with the present situation of cultivated land utilization in the study area.Through the combination analysis of key indicators,three modes of cultivated land consolidation were identified:transforming slope farmland to terraces,construction and perfection of farmland irrigation and water conservancy,and improving road accessibility.[Conclusion]It is feasible to study the priority of cultivated land consolidation by using niche-fitness model.
引文
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[10]谢向向,张安录,杨蒙.土地整治绩效空间差异及投入优先序:以湖北省为例[J].资源科学,2016,38(11):2058-2071.
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[15]谭少军,邵景安.基于生态适宜性评价的西南丘陵区土地整治工程布局研究[J].地理研究,2018,37(4):659-677.
[16]徐小千,汪景宽,李双异,等.基于生态位理论的东北黑土区耕地整治适宜性评价:以公主岭市为例[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(3):432-441.
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[18]毕如田,王镔,段永红,等.耕地资源管理信息系统的建立及应用:以永济市为例[J].土壤学报,2004,41(6):962-968.
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[20]朱美青,黄宏胜,史文娇,等.基于多规合一的基本农田划定研究:以江西省余江县为例[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(12):2111-2121.
[21]董秀茹,尤明英,王秋兵.基于土地评价的基本农田划定方法[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):336-339.
[22]中华人民共和国水利水电部.SDJ 217-84.灌溉排水渠系设计规范[S].北京:水利电力出版社,1984.
[23]程雄,吴争研,刘艳芳.GIS技术在基本农田保护工作中的应用[J].国土资源信息化,2002(4):37-39.
[24]郭力娜,张凤荣,曲衍波,等.基于分等因素组合的农用地整理类型分区[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):308-314.
[2]王东,陈英,杨润慈.黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地整治优先度及模式:以麦积区为例[J].资源科学,2017,39(2):231-239.
[3]高艺菡,高阳.基于三生视角的内蒙古自治区不同类型土地整治效益评价[J].中国农业大学学报,2018,23(3):75-83.
[4]林忆南,金晓斌,郭贝贝,等.陇东台塬区双垄全膜集雨沟播土地整治模式研究[J].中国土地科学,2014,28(12):56-62.
[5]Willem K,Altes K.Promoting rural development through the use of land consolidation:The case of Korea[J].International Planning Studies,2011,16(2):151-167.
[6]胡学东,王占岐,邹利林.基于贝叶斯概率模型的鄂西北山地区耕地整治适宜性评价[J].资源科学,2016,38(1):83-92.
[7]李发志,毕如田,崔茜,等.基于AHP与熵权法的耕地整理潜力综合评价:以襄汾县为例[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,34(2):136-141.
[8]马春艳,王占岐,易平.基于Arc GIS的耕地整治潜力测算与分级研究:以湖北省房县为例[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):207-211.
[9]沈立宏,张超,桑玲玲,等.利用网格法确定县域农田整治优先度[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(18):241-247.
[10]谢向向,张安录,杨蒙.土地整治绩效空间差异及投入优先序:以湖北省为例[J].资源科学,2016,38(11):2058-2071.
[11]程文仕,黄鑫,刘洋,等.基于土地整治绩效空间差异和潜力分级的投入优先序研究[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):192-197.
[12]Grinnel J.Fields test of theories concerning distributional control[J].American Naturalist,1917,51(602):115-128.
[13]Wang Jihuai.The models of niche and their applications[J].Ecological Modeling,1995,80:279-291.
[14]李自珍,赵松岭,张鹏云.生态位适宜度理论及其在作物生长系统中的应用[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,1993,29(4):219-224.
[15]谭少军,邵景安.基于生态适宜性评价的西南丘陵区土地整治工程布局研究[J].地理研究,2018,37(4):659-677.
[16]徐小千,汪景宽,李双异,等.基于生态位理论的东北黑土区耕地整治适宜性评价:以公主岭市为例[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(3):432-441.
[17]陈利根,卢吉勇.略论土地生产力标准与耕地总量动态平衡[J].南京农业大学学报:社会科学版,2001,1(4):32-36.
[18]毕如田,王镔,段永红,等.耕地资源管理信息系统的建立及应用:以永济市为例[J].土壤学报,2004,41(6):962-968.
[19]中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 28407-2012.农用地质量分等规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[20]朱美青,黄宏胜,史文娇,等.基于多规合一的基本农田划定研究:以江西省余江县为例[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(12):2111-2121.
[21]董秀茹,尤明英,王秋兵.基于土地评价的基本农田划定方法[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):336-339.
[22]中华人民共和国水利水电部.SDJ 217-84.灌溉排水渠系设计规范[S].北京:水利电力出版社,1984.
[23]程雄,吴争研,刘艳芳.GIS技术在基本农田保护工作中的应用[J].国土资源信息化,2002(4):37-39.
[24]郭力娜,张凤荣,曲衍波,等.基于分等因素组合的农用地整理类型分区[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):308-314.