建筑施工高处坠落事故各工种不安全动作分析研究
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摘要
为了明确建筑施工高处坠落事故中各工种产生不安全动作的情况,采用事故致因"2-4"模型分析了2012—2016年间98起建筑施工高处坠落事故。从各工种事故发生部位、不安全动作综合、各工种不安全动作角度进行了统计分析,以工种为统计指标,获得了不安全动作的发生部位、出现频次、占不安全动作总数百分比和发生率等统计数据。统计分析得出涉及工种19类,包括木工、架子工、杂工等,各工种发生在电梯井、脚手架、通风井部位的事故位于前3位,杂工、木工、架子工的事故发生部位数和不安全动作数位于前3位;得出各工种不安全动作16类共192个,其中未按规定设置安全防护措施和未正确佩戴和使用劳动防护用品2类不安全动作发生频率较高;得出未按规定设置安全防护措施、未正确佩戴和使用劳动防护用品和未取得特种作业操作资格证(擅自)3类不安全动作涉及工种较多。
In order to identify the unsafe acts of falling accidents in construction, the 98 falling accidents in construction during 2012—2016 were analyzed based on the accident causation "2-4" model. The statistical analysis was made from the location of accident location of various types of work, the synthesis of unsafe acts and the unsafe act of various types of work, taking type of work as the statistical index, the statistical data of the location, frequency, percentage and incidence of unsafe acts were obtained. According to the statistical analysis, there are 19 types of work, including carpentry, scaffolding and handyman, etc. The accidents of each type of work in the positions of elevator shaft, scaffold and ventilation shaft were in the top 3, while the accidents of handyman, carpentry and scaffolding were in the top 3. A total of 192 unsafe actions were found in 16 categories for each type of work, among which, 2 unsafe actions, safety protection measures were not set up as required and labor protection articles were not properly worn and used with high frequency. It is concluded that there are many types of unsafe actions, such as not setting safety protection measures according to regulations, not correctly wearing and using labor protection articles, and not obtaining special operation qualification certificate(without authorization)
In order to identify the unsafe acts of falling accidents in construction, the 98 falling accidents in construction during 2012—2016 were analyzed based on the accident causation "2-4" model. The statistical analysis was made from the location of accident location of various types of work, the synthesis of unsafe acts and the unsafe act of various types of work, taking type of work as the statistical index, the statistical data of the location, frequency, percentage and incidence of unsafe acts were obtained. According to the statistical analysis, there are 19 types of work, including carpentry, scaffolding and handyman, etc. The accidents of each type of work in the positions of elevator shaft, scaffold and ventilation shaft were in the top 3, while the accidents of handyman, carpentry and scaffolding were in the top 3. A total of 192 unsafe actions were found in 16 categories for each type of work, among which, 2 unsafe actions, safety protection measures were not set up as required and labor protection articles were not properly worn and used with high frequency. It is concluded that there are many types of unsafe actions, such as not setting safety protection measures according to regulations, not correctly wearing and using labor protection articles, and not obtaining special operation qualification certificate(without authorization)
引文
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[2]傅贵,殷文韬,董继业,等.行为安全“2-4”模型及其在煤矿安全管理中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(7):1123-1129.
[3]任传军.建筑施工高处坠落事故的原因分析及防控对策[J].建筑安全,2014(3):16-19.
[4]于继光.高处坠落事故的原因分析及防范措施[J].建筑安全,2013(5):49-51.
[5]张洪,宫运华,傅贵.基于“2-4”模型的建筑施工高处坠落事故原因分类与统计分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(9):169-174.
[6]邓航,庞奇志,朱德英,等.建筑施工高处坠落事故分析及预防对策[J].工业安全与环保,2010,36(4):57-59.
[7]吴绍朋.建筑行业高处坠落事故分析与预防[D].沈阳:东北大学,2011.
[8]贾晓珊,董羽,张宇,等.基于FTA和AHP建筑施工高处坠落事故分析[J].建筑安全,2017(10):37-40.
[9]卞肖峰.基于FTA和AHP方法的在某超高层建筑施工坠落事故的应用研究[D].辽宁大连:大连理工大学,2013.
[10]郑霞忠,王晓宇,陈述,等.高处坠落事故的人因失误与干预策略研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(6):139-144.
[11]FU G,FAN Y,Tong R,et al.A universal method for the causation analysis of accidents[J].Acci Prev,2017(3):1-7.