干线管网独立对中国天然气行业的影响及相关建议
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摘要
中央深化改革委员会2019年3月19日审议通过了《石油天然气管网运营机制改革实施意见》,国家油气管网独立在即。干线管网独立将给我国天然气市场结构带来深刻变革,加快天然气定价的市场化进程,促进贸易计量交接模式从体积计量转向能量计量,同时可能使国内天然气市场产生新的区域性垄断。对行业主要经营主体而言,三大石油公司的上中下游一体化经营模式将被打破,赢利水平受到严重冲击,重点区域的市场份额将重构,公司的发展战略及组织架构也需要进一步优化调整。对省级天然气公司和其他经营主体而言,将带来前所未有的发展机遇,可通过参与上游开发和国际贸易,扩张区域天然气管网和LNG接收站。国际资源供应商也将以新的姿态更深入、更广泛地参与中国天然气市场。管网独立应重点关注的问题包括,加强对国家管网公司的监管与协调,尽快建立适应新运营管理模式的管输定价办法,明确管网独立后各方的调峰保供责任,妥善处理长约合同,化解油气公司进口气亏损压力,处理好省级管网与国家干线管网的关系。
The Central Deepening Reform Commission deliberated and adopted the Opinions on the Implementation of the Reform of the Operating Mechanism of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network on March 19, 2019, which would bring profound changes to the structure of natural gas market, accelerate the marketization process of natural gas pricing, promote the model of trade transfer from volume measurement to energy measurement, and may also form new regional monopoly. For the three major oil companies, the integrated operation mode and their profits will be severely impacted, the markets of key regions will be reconstructed, and the development strategy and organizational structures need to be further optimized and adjusted. For provincial natural gas companies and other participants, it will bring unprecedented development opportunities by participating in upstream development and international trade, to expand regional gas pipeline networks and LNG receiving stations. The international resource suppliers will also be more widely and deeply involved in China's natural gas market. The paper puts forward such key issues of trunk pipeline network independence as strengthening the supervision and coordination of the national pipeline network companies, formulating the pricing method of pipeline transportation as soon as possible to adapt to the new operation and management mode, clarifying the responsibility of peak-shaving and supply guaranteeing of all parties, properly handling the long-term contract to resolve the loss pressure of import gas of oil companies, and well handling the relationship between provincial pipeline network and the national trunk.
The Central Deepening Reform Commission deliberated and adopted the Opinions on the Implementation of the Reform of the Operating Mechanism of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network on March 19, 2019, which would bring profound changes to the structure of natural gas market, accelerate the marketization process of natural gas pricing, promote the model of trade transfer from volume measurement to energy measurement, and may also form new regional monopoly. For the three major oil companies, the integrated operation mode and their profits will be severely impacted, the markets of key regions will be reconstructed, and the development strategy and organizational structures need to be further optimized and adjusted. For provincial natural gas companies and other participants, it will bring unprecedented development opportunities by participating in upstream development and international trade, to expand regional gas pipeline networks and LNG receiving stations. The international resource suppliers will also be more widely and deeply involved in China's natural gas market. The paper puts forward such key issues of trunk pipeline network independence as strengthening the supervision and coordination of the national pipeline network companies, formulating the pricing method of pipeline transportation as soon as possible to adapt to the new operation and management mode, clarifying the responsibility of peak-shaving and supply guaranteeing of all parties, properly handling the long-term contract to resolve the loss pressure of import gas of oil companies, and well handling the relationship between provincial pipeline network and the national trunk.
引文
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[3]王仲瑀,于栋,郑宏伟.中乌跨国天然气管道的计量交接与管理[J].石油化工应用, 2012, 31(09):26-29.
[4]徐正海,何骁勇,张颖.中海油天然气贸易计量现状及建议[J].工业计量, 2018, 28(05):115-120.
[5]王春梅.浙江省省级天然气管网能量计量的可行性[J].煤气与热力, 2018, 38(06):44-46.
[6]段兆芳,樊慧.区域管网运营模式对中国天然气市场的影响[J].国际石油经济, 2017, 25(08):43-49.
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[8]张墨翰,周淑慧,郭海涛,梁严.欧盟输气管网平衡规则与实践[J].国际石油经济, 2018, 26(06):48-58.
[9]梁严,郭海涛,王发展,周淑慧.美国天然气管网设施管输容量分配探析[J].国际石油经济, 2018, 26(07):44-52.
[10]崔媛媛,何秀文,何小斌,等.中国天然气两部制管输价格研究[J].国际石油经济, 2018, 26(11):30-42.
[11]国家发展改革委.关于加快储气设施建设和完善储气调峰辅助服务市场机制的意见[E B/O L].2018-04-26.www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/gfxwj/201804/W020180427570525954987.pdf.