氮、磷肥用量对豫中地区大豆产量、干物质及经济效益的影响
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摘要
为明确豫中地区大豆施肥中氮磷肥最佳用量,设置氮水平(0、60、120、180 kg/hm2)和磷水平(0、45、90、135 kg/hm2)大田试验,在大豆关键生育期测定干物重,在收获期测定产量,并计算偏生产力、农学效率和经济效益。结果表明,大豆地上部干物质量随着生育期不断增加,不同施氮水平下的大豆产量较不施氮肥处理增产9.01%～11.86%,不同磷肥用量较不磷施肥处理增产2.8%～12.0%;其中氮肥用量为120 kg/hm2、磷肥用量为90 kg/hm2时,增产效果最为明显,此时经济效益最佳。当氮肥用量超过120 kg/hm2时,会出现大豆地上部干物质量、产量下降,当磷肥用量超过90 kg/hm2时,磷肥利用率和增产效益都会出现下降。本研究表明,豫中地区氮肥用量120 kg/hm2、磷肥90 kg/hm2时,产量和经济效益最佳。
To clarify the optimum amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in soybean fertilization in central Henan, a field trial was set up, including nitrogen level(0, 60, 120, 180 kg/hm2) and phosphorus level(0, 45, 90, 135 kg/hm2). The dry weight was determined in the key growth period of soybean, and the yield was measured in the harvest period. Partial productivity, agronomic efficiency and economic benefits were calculated. The results showed that soybean aboveground dry matter mass increased with the growth period. The yield with nitrogen application increased by 9.01%-11.86% compared with non-nitrogen application. The yield with phosphorus application increased by 2.8%-12.0% compared with non-phosphorus application. The yieldincreasing effect was the most obvious and the economic benefit was the highest when nitrogen fertilizer amount was 120 kg/hm2 and phosphate fertilizer amount was 90 kg/hm2. When the nitrogen fertilizer amount exceeded120 kg/hm2, the aboveground dry matter mass and yield decreased. When the phosphate fertilizer amount exceeded 90 kg/hm2, the phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate and yield-increasing efficiency decreased. The results indicate that the yield and economic benefit are the best when the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 120 kg/hm2 and the phosphate fertilizer is 90 kg/hm2.
To clarify the optimum amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in soybean fertilization in central Henan, a field trial was set up, including nitrogen level(0, 60, 120, 180 kg/hm2) and phosphorus level(0, 45, 90, 135 kg/hm2). The dry weight was determined in the key growth period of soybean, and the yield was measured in the harvest period. Partial productivity, agronomic efficiency and economic benefits were calculated. The results showed that soybean aboveground dry matter mass increased with the growth period. The yield with nitrogen application increased by 9.01%-11.86% compared with non-nitrogen application. The yield with phosphorus application increased by 2.8%-12.0% compared with non-phosphorus application. The yieldincreasing effect was the most obvious and the economic benefit was the highest when nitrogen fertilizer amount was 120 kg/hm2 and phosphate fertilizer amount was 90 kg/hm2. When the nitrogen fertilizer amount exceeded120 kg/hm2, the aboveground dry matter mass and yield decreased. When the phosphate fertilizer amount exceeded 90 kg/hm2, the phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate and yield-increasing efficiency decreased. The results indicate that the yield and economic benefit are the best when the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 120 kg/hm2 and the phosphate fertilizer is 90 kg/hm2.
引文
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[19] Myo W, Sutkhet N, Ed S. Effects of phosphorus on seed oil and protein contents and phosphorus use efficiency in some soybean varieties[J]. Kasetsart Journal, 2010, 44(1):1-9.
[20]高聚林,刘克礼,李惠智,等.大豆群体对氮、磷、钾的平衡吸收关系的研究[J].大豆科学,2004,23(2):106-110.
[2]慈恩,高明.生物固氮的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(1):25-28.
[3] Gallaisl A, Hirel B. An approach to the genetic of nitrogen use efficiency in maize[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2004, 55(396):295-306.
[4]严君,韩晓增,王守宇,等.不同施氮量及供氮方式对大豆根瘤生长及固氮的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2010(1):75-79.
[5]党廷辉,郭胜利,郝明德.黄土旱塬长期施肥下硝态氮深层累积的定量研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(1):58-60,75.
[6]姚军,唐春霞,何丙辉.紫色土坡耕地不同施肥水平下氮随径流流失特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(2):54-57.
[7]马春梅,唐远征,龚振平,等.不同施氮量对大豆吸收化肥氮效率的影响[J].大豆科学,2005,24(1):34-37.
[8]戴建军,程岩.黑龙江省南部黑土不同施氮水平对大豆产量的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2000,31(3):225-228.
[9]王旭明,张铮,史刚荣.磷素营养和土壤含水量对大豆光合特性的交互影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):143-148.
[10]王树起,韩晓增,严君,等.缺磷胁迫对大豆根系形态和氮磷吸收积累的影响[J].土壤通报,2010,41(3):644-651.
[11]陆欣春,邹文秀,韩晓增,等.长期施肥对黑土磷和锌形态转化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(6):1536-1542.
[12]王政,高瑞凤,李文香,等.氮磷钾肥配施对大豆干物质积累及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2008,27(4):588-594.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[14]武晓莉,贺龙云,姚晶晶,等.施氮量对新增耕地肥料利用及大豆产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):106-110.
[15]申晓慧,姜成,张敬涛,等.不同施氮量对‘合农60号’大豆产量性状的影响[J].农学学报,2013,3(06):17-19.
[16]戴建军,程岩.黑龙江省南部黑土不同施氮水平对大豆产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2001,31(3):225-228.
[17]乔振江,蔡昆争,骆世明.低磷和干旱胁迫对大豆干物质累积及磷效率的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5575-5587.
[18]孙太靖.大豆植株氮素动态变化及追施氮肥对其影响的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,1997.
[19] Myo W, Sutkhet N, Ed S. Effects of phosphorus on seed oil and protein contents and phosphorus use efficiency in some soybean varieties[J]. Kasetsart Journal, 2010, 44(1):1-9.
[20]高聚林,刘克礼,李惠智,等.大豆群体对氮、磷、钾的平衡吸收关系的研究[J].大豆科学,2004,23(2):106-110.