海南岛农牧生产体系磷元素流动时空变化特征
|
摘要
【目的】通过对1987—2016年海南岛农牧生产体系磷元素流动时空特征及环境效应进行定量分析,研究其流动过程和规律,探讨农牧生产体系磷素的优化管理途径,为海南岛农牧业可持续发展提供科学依据。【方法】研究基于食物链养分流动模型(NUtrient flows in Food chains, Environment and Resources use,NUFER),通过统计数据、文献检索、实地调研,并结合Origin等软件,定量计算海南岛农牧生产体系的磷素输入、输出、利用率及其环境效应,并通过情景分析探索海南岛农牧生产体系磷素的可持续利用途径。【结果】30年间海南岛农田生产子系统磷素总投入量从21.34 Gg增至81.19 Gg,总输出量由6.20 Gg增至18.20 Gg,化肥作为该系统磷素主要来源,输入量由19.01 Gg增至79.23 Gg,作物产品作为农田磷素主要输出项,30年间由5.25 Gg增至15.48 Gg。动物生产子系统磷素总输入量由11.40 Gg增至15.31 Gg,总输出量由9.63 Gg增至11.90 Gg,其中外源饲料磷素输入量由1987年的10.97 Gg增至2016年的14.77 Gg,动物产品输出量30年间增长了4.95 Gg。秸秆还田量和作物饲用量分别增加了0.37和0.26 kg·hm~(-2),粪尿还田量则减少了0.80 kg·hm~(-2)。空间分布上,澄迈、定安等地30年来磷素输入和输出量较高,五指山、琼中等地较低。就磷素损失情况来看,1987—2016年,海南岛单位耕地面积土壤磷盈余量由35.00 kg·hm~(-2)增至147.40 kg·hm~(-2),2016年土壤磷素盈余量较大的是琼海、澄迈、保亭和临高,分别为372.79、279.82、194.14和181.09 kg·hm~(-2)。磷的其他损失途径为土壤侵蚀、径流和淋洗,损失量在1.21—5.85 kg·hm~(-2)。畜禽粪便单位耕地面积承载量维持在3.83—5.77 kg·hm~(-2)。30年来,磷素利用率增长缓慢,其中农田生产子系统磷素利用率由13.01%增至13.86%,动物生产子系统磷素利用率由4.78%增至7.62%,农牧结合体系磷素利用率由10.78%增至13.09%。情景分析结果显示,保证农牧生产体系各子系统间的协调稳定发展以及通过科学的养分管理方式提高资源的循环利用率对促进海南岛农牧业发展意义重大。【结论】受农牧生产体系规模、区域发展以及管理方式等因素影响,海南岛农牧生产体系环境损失情况严重,磷素利用率较低,体系出现了较严重的分离。因此,在海南岛未来的农牧生产中,应优化技术手段和管理措施,如控制磷素的过量输入,减少粪尿的直接排放,提高秸秆和粪尿循环利用率。同时也应促进农田生产子系统与动物生产子系统间的协调关系,走农牧结合的可持续发展道路。
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of phosphorus flows and its environmental effects in the crop-livestock production system of Hainan Island from 1987 to 2016, research its flow process and discipline, discuss the optimized management approach of phosphorus in the crop-livestock production system, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of farming and animal husbandry in Hainan Island.【Method】The study was based on the NUFER model(NUtrient flows in Food chains, Environment and the Resources use). Data statistics, literature search and field investigation as well as the software such as Origin were used to calculate phosphorus input, output, efficiency and environmental effects of the crop-livestock production system in Hainan Island. Potentially sustainable phosphorus utilization approaches were explored through scenario analysis of the crop-livestock production system.【Result】In the past 30 years, the total input of phosphorus in the farming subsystem of Hainan Island increased from 21.34 to 81.19 Gg, and the total output increased from 6.20 to18.20 Gg. As the main source of phosphorus in the system, the input of chemical fertilizer increased from 19.01 to 79.23 Gg. Crop products as the main export of farmland phosphorus, and from 5.25 Gg to 15.48 Gg in 30 years. The total input of phosphorus in the animal production subsystem increased from 11.40 to 15.31 Gg, and the total output increased from 9.63 to 11.90 Gg, in which the input of imported feed phosphorus increased from 10.97 Gg in 1987 to 14.77 Gg in 2016, and the output of animal products increased by 4.95 Gg in 30 years. The amount of crop straw to the field and the local feed increased by 0.37 and 0.26 kg·hm~(-2),respectively, while the amount of manure to the field decreased by 0.80 kg·hm~(-2). In terms of spatial distribution, the input and output amounts of phosphorus in Chengmai and Dingan were relatively higher in the past 30 years, while those in Wuzhishan and Qiongzhong were relatively lower. In terms of phosphorus loss, the amount of soil phosphorus surplus per unit cultivated land of Hainan Island increased from 35.00 to 147.40 kg·hm~(-2) in 1987-2016. In 2016, the amount of soil phosphorus surplus of Qionghai,Chengmai, Baoting and Lin'gao was relatively higher, which was 372.79, 279.82, 194.14 and 181.09 kg·hm~(-2), respectively. The other loss ways of phosphorus were soil erosion, runoff and leaching, the loss amounts were from 1.21 to 5.85 kg·hm~(-2). The carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure of cultivated area was maintained at 3.83-5.77 kg·hm~(-2). In the past 30 years, phosphorus use efficiency in the farming production subsystem increased from 13.01% to 13.86%, phosphorus use efficiency in the animal production subsystem increased from 4.78% to 7.62%, and phosphorus use efficiency in the crop-livestock production system increased from 10.78% to 13.09%. The result of scenario analysis showed that it was of great significance to promote the coordinated development between the farming production subsystem and the animal production subsystem of Hainan Island and to improve the recycling utilization rate of resources through scientific nutrient management. 【Conclusion】Affected by the scale of the crop-livestock production system, regional development and management mode, the environmental loss of the crop-livestock production system was serious, the phosphorus use efficiency was relatively low, and the system was seriously separated in Hainan Island. Therefore, in the future crop-livestock production in Hainan Island, technical means and management measures should be optimized, such as controlling excessive input of phosphorus, reducing the direct discharge of manure, and improving the phosphorus cycle efficiency of straw and manure. At the same time, the coordination relationship between the farming production subsystem and the animal production subsystem should be promoted, and the sustainable development road of combination of farming and animal husbandry should be carried out.
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of phosphorus flows and its environmental effects in the crop-livestock production system of Hainan Island from 1987 to 2016, research its flow process and discipline, discuss the optimized management approach of phosphorus in the crop-livestock production system, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of farming and animal husbandry in Hainan Island.【Method】The study was based on the NUFER model(NUtrient flows in Food chains, Environment and the Resources use). Data statistics, literature search and field investigation as well as the software such as Origin were used to calculate phosphorus input, output, efficiency and environmental effects of the crop-livestock production system in Hainan Island. Potentially sustainable phosphorus utilization approaches were explored through scenario analysis of the crop-livestock production system.【Result】In the past 30 years, the total input of phosphorus in the farming subsystem of Hainan Island increased from 21.34 to 81.19 Gg, and the total output increased from 6.20 to18.20 Gg. As the main source of phosphorus in the system, the input of chemical fertilizer increased from 19.01 to 79.23 Gg. Crop products as the main export of farmland phosphorus, and from 5.25 Gg to 15.48 Gg in 30 years. The total input of phosphorus in the animal production subsystem increased from 11.40 to 15.31 Gg, and the total output increased from 9.63 to 11.90 Gg, in which the input of imported feed phosphorus increased from 10.97 Gg in 1987 to 14.77 Gg in 2016, and the output of animal products increased by 4.95 Gg in 30 years. The amount of crop straw to the field and the local feed increased by 0.37 and 0.26 kg·hm~(-2),respectively, while the amount of manure to the field decreased by 0.80 kg·hm~(-2). In terms of spatial distribution, the input and output amounts of phosphorus in Chengmai and Dingan were relatively higher in the past 30 years, while those in Wuzhishan and Qiongzhong were relatively lower. In terms of phosphorus loss, the amount of soil phosphorus surplus per unit cultivated land of Hainan Island increased from 35.00 to 147.40 kg·hm~(-2) in 1987-2016. In 2016, the amount of soil phosphorus surplus of Qionghai,Chengmai, Baoting and Lin'gao was relatively higher, which was 372.79, 279.82, 194.14 and 181.09 kg·hm~(-2), respectively. The other loss ways of phosphorus were soil erosion, runoff and leaching, the loss amounts were from 1.21 to 5.85 kg·hm~(-2). The carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure of cultivated area was maintained at 3.83-5.77 kg·hm~(-2). In the past 30 years, phosphorus use efficiency in the farming production subsystem increased from 13.01% to 13.86%, phosphorus use efficiency in the animal production subsystem increased from 4.78% to 7.62%, and phosphorus use efficiency in the crop-livestock production system increased from 10.78% to 13.09%. The result of scenario analysis showed that it was of great significance to promote the coordinated development between the farming production subsystem and the animal production subsystem of Hainan Island and to improve the recycling utilization rate of resources through scientific nutrient management. 【Conclusion】Affected by the scale of the crop-livestock production system, regional development and management mode, the environmental loss of the crop-livestock production system was serious, the phosphorus use efficiency was relatively low, and the system was seriously separated in Hainan Island. Therefore, in the future crop-livestock production in Hainan Island, technical means and management measures should be optimized, such as controlling excessive input of phosphorus, reducing the direct discharge of manure, and improving the phosphorus cycle efficiency of straw and manure. At the same time, the coordination relationship between the farming production subsystem and the animal production subsystem should be promoted, and the sustainable development road of combination of farming and animal husbandry should be carried out.
引文
[1]马文奇,张福锁.食物链养分管理--中国可持续发展面临的挑战.科技导报,2008,26(1):68-73.MA W Q,ZHANG F S.Nutrient management in human food chain:Achallenge for sustainable development of China.Science and Technology Review,2008,26(1):68-73.(in Chinese)
[2]SMIL V.Phosphorus in the environment:Natural flows and human interferences.Annual Review of Energy and the Environment,2000,25:53-88.
[3]RAMAEKERS L,REMANS R,RAO I M,BLAIR W M,VANDERLEYDEN J.Strategies for improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency of crop plants.Field Crops Research,2010,117(2/3):169-176.
[4]CHEN M,CHEN J,SUN F.Agricultural phosphorus flow and its environmental impacts in China.Science of the Total Environment,2008,405(1/3):140-152.
[5]CONLEY D J,PAERL H W,HOWARTH R W,BOESCH D F,SEITZINGER S P,HAVENS K E,LANCELOT C,LIKENS G E.Controlling eutrophication:Nitrogen and phosphorus.Science,2009,323(5917):1014-1015.
[6]王方浩,马文奇,窦争霞,马林,刘小利,许俊香,张福锁.中国畜禽粪便产生量估算及环境效应.中国环境科学,2006,26(5):614-617.WANG F H,MA W Q,DOU Z X,MA L,LIU X L,XU J X,ZHANGF S.The estimation of the production amount of animal manure and its environmental effect in China.China Environmental Science,2006,26(5):614-617.(in Chinese)
[7]SENTHILKUMAR K,NESME T,MOLIER A,PELLERIN S.Regional-scale phosphorus flows and budgets within France:The importance of agricultural production systems.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2012,92(2):145-159.
[8]VAN DIJK K C,LESSCHEN J P,OENEMA O.Phosphorus flows and balances of the European Union Member States.Science of the Total Environment,2016,542(Pt B):1078-1093.
[9]LIANG L,NAGUMO T,HATANO R.Nitrogen flow in the rural ecosystem of Mikasa City in Hokkaido,Japan.Pedosphere,2006,16(2):264-272.
[10]MA L,MA W Q,VELTHOF G L,WANG F H,QIN W,ZHANG F S,OENEMA O.Modeling nutrient flows in the food chain of China.Journal of Environmental Quality,2010,39(4):1279-1289.
[11]BAI Z H,MA L,MA W Q,QIN W,VELTHOF G L,OENEMA O,ZHANG F S.Changes in phosphorus use and losses in the food chain of China during 1950-2010 and forecasts for 2030.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2016,104(3):361-372.
[12]张华芳,高肖贤,侯勇,任月同,马文奇.河北省农牧体系磷素流动及其环境效应.河北农业大学学报,2013,36(2):17-22.ZHANG H F,GAO X X,HOU Y,REN Y T,MA W Q.Phosphorus flow in agro-livestock system and its environmental effect of Hebei Province.Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2013,36(2):17-22.(in Chinese)
[13]张建杰,郭彩霞,张一弓,张强.山西省农牧生产体系磷流动空间变异特征.中国生态农业学报,2016,24(5):553-562.ZHANG J J,GUO C X,ZHANG Y G,ZHANG Q.Spatial characteristics of phosphorus flow in crop-livestock production systems in Shanxi,China.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(5):553-562.(in Chinese)
[14]海南省统计局.海南统计年鉴(1988-2017).北京:中国统计出版社.Hainan Statistical Bureau.Hainan Statistical Yearbook(1988-2017).Beijing:China Statistics Press.(in Chinese)
[15]魏莎,柏兆海,吴迪梅,江荣风,夏立江,马林.北京“土壤-饲料-奶牛”系统氮磷流动及环境损失时空特征.中国生态农业学报,2017,25(3):316-327.WEI S,BAI Z H,WU D M,JIANG R F,XIA L J,MA L.Temporal and spatial characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and environmental losses in the“soil-feed-dairy”production system in Beijing.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(3):316-327.(in Chinese)
[16]漆智平.热带土壤学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:46-48.QI Z P.Tropical Soil Science.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2007:46-48.(in Chinese)
[17]VELTHOF G L,OUDENDAG D,WITZKE H P,ASMAN W A,KLIMONT Z,OENEMA O.Integrated assessment of nitrogen losses from agriculture in EU-27 using MITERRA-EUROPE.Journal of Environmental Quality,2009,38(2):402-417.
[18]杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌.中国食物成分表.2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009.YANG Y X,WANG G Y,PAN X C.Chinese Food Composition.2nd ed.Beijing:Peking University Medical Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[19]张少若,梁继兴,余让水,陆行正.我国热带作物营养诊断研究工作的进展.热带作物研究,1996(2):60-70.ZHANG S R,LIANG J X,YU R S,LU X Z.Advances in nutritional diagnosis of tropical crops in China.Tropical Crop Research,1996(2):60-70.(in Chinese)
[20]范兴安.芝麻不同生育时期植株营养吸收与土壤养分的动态变化.河南农业科学,1998(12):11-13.FAN X A.Dynamic changes of nutrient uptake and soil nutrients in sesame at different growth stages.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,1998(12):11-13.(in Chinese)
[21]陆若辉,李有香,徐群英,孔樟良.6种经济作物生物体养分含量分析.浙江农业科学,2017,58(4):621-622,625.LU R H,LI Y X,XU Q Y,KONG Z L.Analysis of nutrient contents of 6 kinds of cash crops.Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2017,58(4):621-622,625.(in Chinese)
[22]陆行正,何向东.橡胶树的营养诊断指导施肥.热带作物学报,1982,3(1):27-39.LU X Z,HE X D.Fertilizer application based on nutrient diagnosis of rubber tree.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,1982,3(1):27-39.(in Chinese)
[23]李书田,金继运.中国不同区域农田养分输入、输出与平衡.中国农业科学,2011,44(20):4207-4229.LI S T,JIN J Y.Characteristics of nutrient input/output and nutrient balance in different regions of China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(20):4207-4229.(in Chinese)
[24]鲁如坤,刘鸿翔,闻大中,钦绳武,郑剑英,王周琼.我国典型地区农业生态系统养分循环和平衡研究Ⅱ.农田养分收入参数.土壤通报,1996,27(4):151-154.LU R K,LIU H X,WEN D Z,QIN S W,ZHENG J Y,WANG Z Q.Study on nutrient cycling and balance of agro-ecosystem in typical areas of ChinaⅡ.Farmland nutrient income parameters.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1996,27(4):151-154.(in Chinese)
[25]马林.中国食物链氮素流动规律及调控策略[D].保定:河北农业大学,2009.MA L.Mechanism and regulatory strategies of nitrogen flow in food chain of China[D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
[26]刘永丰.海南省畜禽养殖环境预警研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.LIU Y F.The research of environmental alarm of livestock and poultry breeding in Hainan Province[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[27]MA L,VELTHOF G L,WANG F H,QIN W,ZHANG W F,LIU Z,ZHANG Y,WEI J,LESSCHEN J P,MA W Q,OENEMA O,ZHANGF S.Nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies and losses in the food chain in China at regional scales in 1980 and 2005.Science of the Total Environment,2012,434:51-61.
[28]CHEN X P,CUI Z L,FAN M S,VITOUSEK P,ZHAO M,MA W Q,WANG Z L,ZHANG W J,YAN X Y,YANG J C,DENG X P,GAO Q,ZHANG Q,GUO S W,REN J,LI S Q,YE Y L,WANG Z H,HUANG J L,TANG Q Y,SUN Y X,PENG X L,ZHANG J W,HE MR,ZHU Y J,XUE J Q,WANG G L,WU L,AN N,WU L Q,MA L,ZHANG W F,ZHANG F S.Producing more grain with lower environmental costs.Nature,2014,514(7523):486-489.
[29]MA L,WANG F H,ZHANG W J,MA W Q,VELTHOF G,QIN W,OENEMA O,ZHANG F S.Environmental assessment of management options for nutrient flows in the food chain in China.Environmental Science and Technology,2013,47(13):7260-7268.
[30]中华人民共和国农业农村部.全国农业可持续发展规划(2015-2030年).农计发[2015]145号.Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China.National Plan for Sustainable Agricultural Development(2015-2030).Njf 145[2015].(in Chinese)
[31]海南省农业厅.海南省现代农业“十三五”发展规划.2016.Hainan Provincial Department of Agriculture.The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Modern Agriculture in Hainan Province.2016.(in Chinese)
[32]王昶,吕晓翠,贾青竹,徐永为.土壤对磷的吸附效果研究.天津科技大学学报,2010,25(3):34-38.WANG C,LüX C,JIA Q Z,XU Y W.Study on phosphorus adsorption of several soils.Journal of Tianjin University of Science and Technology,2010,25(3):34-38.(in Chinese)
[33]侯立恒,王熊飞,王汀忠,龙笛笛.海南省耕地有机质和pH值变化分析.农业科技通讯,2018(1):120-123.HOU L H,WANG X F,WANG T Z,LONG D D.Change analysis of organic matter and pH value of cultivated land in Hainan Province.Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2018(1):120-123.(in Chinese)
[34]HINSINGER P.Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root-induced chemical changes:a review.Plant and Soil,2001,237(2):173-195.(in Chinese)
[35]陈敏鹏,陈吉宁.中国区域土壤表观氮磷平衡清单及政策建议.环境科学,2007,28(6):1305-1310.CHEN M P,CHEN J N.Inventory of regional surface nutrient balance and policy recommendations in China.Environmental Science,2007,28(6):1305-1310.(in Chinese)
[36]OSEI E,LAKSHMINARAYAN P G,NEIBERGS J S,BOUZAHER A,JOHNSON S R.Livestock and the environment:a national pilot project.The policy space,economic model,and environmental model linkages.Revista Brasileira De Coloproctologia,1995,30:141-151.
[37]中国畜牧兽医年鉴编辑委员会.中国畜牧兽医年鉴.北京:中国农业出版社,2005-2006.Editorial Committee of China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Yearbook.Chinese Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Yearbook.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005-2006.(in Chinese)
[38]OENEMA O,VAN LIERE L,PLETTE S,PRINS T,VAN ZEIJTS H,SCHOUMANS O.Environmental effects of manure policy options in the Netherlands.Water Science and Technology,2004,49(3):101-108.
[39]柏兆海.我国主要畜禽养殖体系资源需求、氮磷利用和损失研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.BAI Z H.The resources requirement,nitrogen and phosphorus use and losses in the main livestock production system in China[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[40]LENIS N P,JONGBLOED A W.New technologies in low pollution swine diets:Diet manipulation and use of synthetic amino acids,phytase and phase feeding for reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion and ammonia emissions.Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,1999,12(2):305-327.
[41]张福锁,马文奇,陈新平.养分资源综合管理理论与技术概论.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006.ZHANG F S,MA W Q,CHEN X P.Introduction to the Theory and Technology of Integrated Management of Nutrient Resources.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[42]ZHU Z L,CHEN D L.Nitrogen fertilizer use in ChinaContributions to food production,impacts on the environment and best management strategies.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2002,63(2/3):117-127.
[43]马林,马文奇,张福锁.农牧系统养分管理.中国农业科学,2018,51(3):401-405.MA L,MA W Q,ZHANG F S.Nutrient management in soil-crop-animal production system.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(3):401-405.(in Chinese)
[44]OENEMA O,OUDENDAG D,VELTHOF G L.Nutrient losses from manure management in the European Union.Livestock Science,2007,112(3):261-272.
[45]OENEMA O.Governmental policies and measures regulating nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure in European agriculture.Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(Suppl.):E196-206.
[2]SMIL V.Phosphorus in the environment:Natural flows and human interferences.Annual Review of Energy and the Environment,2000,25:53-88.
[3]RAMAEKERS L,REMANS R,RAO I M,BLAIR W M,VANDERLEYDEN J.Strategies for improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency of crop plants.Field Crops Research,2010,117(2/3):169-176.
[4]CHEN M,CHEN J,SUN F.Agricultural phosphorus flow and its environmental impacts in China.Science of the Total Environment,2008,405(1/3):140-152.
[5]CONLEY D J,PAERL H W,HOWARTH R W,BOESCH D F,SEITZINGER S P,HAVENS K E,LANCELOT C,LIKENS G E.Controlling eutrophication:Nitrogen and phosphorus.Science,2009,323(5917):1014-1015.
[6]王方浩,马文奇,窦争霞,马林,刘小利,许俊香,张福锁.中国畜禽粪便产生量估算及环境效应.中国环境科学,2006,26(5):614-617.WANG F H,MA W Q,DOU Z X,MA L,LIU X L,XU J X,ZHANGF S.The estimation of the production amount of animal manure and its environmental effect in China.China Environmental Science,2006,26(5):614-617.(in Chinese)
[7]SENTHILKUMAR K,NESME T,MOLIER A,PELLERIN S.Regional-scale phosphorus flows and budgets within France:The importance of agricultural production systems.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2012,92(2):145-159.
[8]VAN DIJK K C,LESSCHEN J P,OENEMA O.Phosphorus flows and balances of the European Union Member States.Science of the Total Environment,2016,542(Pt B):1078-1093.
[9]LIANG L,NAGUMO T,HATANO R.Nitrogen flow in the rural ecosystem of Mikasa City in Hokkaido,Japan.Pedosphere,2006,16(2):264-272.
[10]MA L,MA W Q,VELTHOF G L,WANG F H,QIN W,ZHANG F S,OENEMA O.Modeling nutrient flows in the food chain of China.Journal of Environmental Quality,2010,39(4):1279-1289.
[11]BAI Z H,MA L,MA W Q,QIN W,VELTHOF G L,OENEMA O,ZHANG F S.Changes in phosphorus use and losses in the food chain of China during 1950-2010 and forecasts for 2030.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2016,104(3):361-372.
[12]张华芳,高肖贤,侯勇,任月同,马文奇.河北省农牧体系磷素流动及其环境效应.河北农业大学学报,2013,36(2):17-22.ZHANG H F,GAO X X,HOU Y,REN Y T,MA W Q.Phosphorus flow in agro-livestock system and its environmental effect of Hebei Province.Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2013,36(2):17-22.(in Chinese)
[13]张建杰,郭彩霞,张一弓,张强.山西省农牧生产体系磷流动空间变异特征.中国生态农业学报,2016,24(5):553-562.ZHANG J J,GUO C X,ZHANG Y G,ZHANG Q.Spatial characteristics of phosphorus flow in crop-livestock production systems in Shanxi,China.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(5):553-562.(in Chinese)
[14]海南省统计局.海南统计年鉴(1988-2017).北京:中国统计出版社.Hainan Statistical Bureau.Hainan Statistical Yearbook(1988-2017).Beijing:China Statistics Press.(in Chinese)
[15]魏莎,柏兆海,吴迪梅,江荣风,夏立江,马林.北京“土壤-饲料-奶牛”系统氮磷流动及环境损失时空特征.中国生态农业学报,2017,25(3):316-327.WEI S,BAI Z H,WU D M,JIANG R F,XIA L J,MA L.Temporal and spatial characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and environmental losses in the“soil-feed-dairy”production system in Beijing.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(3):316-327.(in Chinese)
[16]漆智平.热带土壤学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:46-48.QI Z P.Tropical Soil Science.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2007:46-48.(in Chinese)
[17]VELTHOF G L,OUDENDAG D,WITZKE H P,ASMAN W A,KLIMONT Z,OENEMA O.Integrated assessment of nitrogen losses from agriculture in EU-27 using MITERRA-EUROPE.Journal of Environmental Quality,2009,38(2):402-417.
[18]杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌.中国食物成分表.2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009.YANG Y X,WANG G Y,PAN X C.Chinese Food Composition.2nd ed.Beijing:Peking University Medical Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[19]张少若,梁继兴,余让水,陆行正.我国热带作物营养诊断研究工作的进展.热带作物研究,1996(2):60-70.ZHANG S R,LIANG J X,YU R S,LU X Z.Advances in nutritional diagnosis of tropical crops in China.Tropical Crop Research,1996(2):60-70.(in Chinese)
[20]范兴安.芝麻不同生育时期植株营养吸收与土壤养分的动态变化.河南农业科学,1998(12):11-13.FAN X A.Dynamic changes of nutrient uptake and soil nutrients in sesame at different growth stages.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,1998(12):11-13.(in Chinese)
[21]陆若辉,李有香,徐群英,孔樟良.6种经济作物生物体养分含量分析.浙江农业科学,2017,58(4):621-622,625.LU R H,LI Y X,XU Q Y,KONG Z L.Analysis of nutrient contents of 6 kinds of cash crops.Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2017,58(4):621-622,625.(in Chinese)
[22]陆行正,何向东.橡胶树的营养诊断指导施肥.热带作物学报,1982,3(1):27-39.LU X Z,HE X D.Fertilizer application based on nutrient diagnosis of rubber tree.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,1982,3(1):27-39.(in Chinese)
[23]李书田,金继运.中国不同区域农田养分输入、输出与平衡.中国农业科学,2011,44(20):4207-4229.LI S T,JIN J Y.Characteristics of nutrient input/output and nutrient balance in different regions of China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(20):4207-4229.(in Chinese)
[24]鲁如坤,刘鸿翔,闻大中,钦绳武,郑剑英,王周琼.我国典型地区农业生态系统养分循环和平衡研究Ⅱ.农田养分收入参数.土壤通报,1996,27(4):151-154.LU R K,LIU H X,WEN D Z,QIN S W,ZHENG J Y,WANG Z Q.Study on nutrient cycling and balance of agro-ecosystem in typical areas of ChinaⅡ.Farmland nutrient income parameters.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1996,27(4):151-154.(in Chinese)
[25]马林.中国食物链氮素流动规律及调控策略[D].保定:河北农业大学,2009.MA L.Mechanism and regulatory strategies of nitrogen flow in food chain of China[D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
[26]刘永丰.海南省畜禽养殖环境预警研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.LIU Y F.The research of environmental alarm of livestock and poultry breeding in Hainan Province[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[27]MA L,VELTHOF G L,WANG F H,QIN W,ZHANG W F,LIU Z,ZHANG Y,WEI J,LESSCHEN J P,MA W Q,OENEMA O,ZHANGF S.Nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies and losses in the food chain in China at regional scales in 1980 and 2005.Science of the Total Environment,2012,434:51-61.
[28]CHEN X P,CUI Z L,FAN M S,VITOUSEK P,ZHAO M,MA W Q,WANG Z L,ZHANG W J,YAN X Y,YANG J C,DENG X P,GAO Q,ZHANG Q,GUO S W,REN J,LI S Q,YE Y L,WANG Z H,HUANG J L,TANG Q Y,SUN Y X,PENG X L,ZHANG J W,HE MR,ZHU Y J,XUE J Q,WANG G L,WU L,AN N,WU L Q,MA L,ZHANG W F,ZHANG F S.Producing more grain with lower environmental costs.Nature,2014,514(7523):486-489.
[29]MA L,WANG F H,ZHANG W J,MA W Q,VELTHOF G,QIN W,OENEMA O,ZHANG F S.Environmental assessment of management options for nutrient flows in the food chain in China.Environmental Science and Technology,2013,47(13):7260-7268.
[30]中华人民共和国农业农村部.全国农业可持续发展规划(2015-2030年).农计发[2015]145号.Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China.National Plan for Sustainable Agricultural Development(2015-2030).Njf 145[2015].(in Chinese)
[31]海南省农业厅.海南省现代农业“十三五”发展规划.2016.Hainan Provincial Department of Agriculture.The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Modern Agriculture in Hainan Province.2016.(in Chinese)
[32]王昶,吕晓翠,贾青竹,徐永为.土壤对磷的吸附效果研究.天津科技大学学报,2010,25(3):34-38.WANG C,LüX C,JIA Q Z,XU Y W.Study on phosphorus adsorption of several soils.Journal of Tianjin University of Science and Technology,2010,25(3):34-38.(in Chinese)
[33]侯立恒,王熊飞,王汀忠,龙笛笛.海南省耕地有机质和pH值变化分析.农业科技通讯,2018(1):120-123.HOU L H,WANG X F,WANG T Z,LONG D D.Change analysis of organic matter and pH value of cultivated land in Hainan Province.Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2018(1):120-123.(in Chinese)
[34]HINSINGER P.Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root-induced chemical changes:a review.Plant and Soil,2001,237(2):173-195.(in Chinese)
[35]陈敏鹏,陈吉宁.中国区域土壤表观氮磷平衡清单及政策建议.环境科学,2007,28(6):1305-1310.CHEN M P,CHEN J N.Inventory of regional surface nutrient balance and policy recommendations in China.Environmental Science,2007,28(6):1305-1310.(in Chinese)
[36]OSEI E,LAKSHMINARAYAN P G,NEIBERGS J S,BOUZAHER A,JOHNSON S R.Livestock and the environment:a national pilot project.The policy space,economic model,and environmental model linkages.Revista Brasileira De Coloproctologia,1995,30:141-151.
[37]中国畜牧兽医年鉴编辑委员会.中国畜牧兽医年鉴.北京:中国农业出版社,2005-2006.Editorial Committee of China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Yearbook.Chinese Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Yearbook.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005-2006.(in Chinese)
[38]OENEMA O,VAN LIERE L,PLETTE S,PRINS T,VAN ZEIJTS H,SCHOUMANS O.Environmental effects of manure policy options in the Netherlands.Water Science and Technology,2004,49(3):101-108.
[39]柏兆海.我国主要畜禽养殖体系资源需求、氮磷利用和损失研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.BAI Z H.The resources requirement,nitrogen and phosphorus use and losses in the main livestock production system in China[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[40]LENIS N P,JONGBLOED A W.New technologies in low pollution swine diets:Diet manipulation and use of synthetic amino acids,phytase and phase feeding for reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion and ammonia emissions.Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,1999,12(2):305-327.
[41]张福锁,马文奇,陈新平.养分资源综合管理理论与技术概论.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006.ZHANG F S,MA W Q,CHEN X P.Introduction to the Theory and Technology of Integrated Management of Nutrient Resources.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[42]ZHU Z L,CHEN D L.Nitrogen fertilizer use in ChinaContributions to food production,impacts on the environment and best management strategies.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2002,63(2/3):117-127.
[43]马林,马文奇,张福锁.农牧系统养分管理.中国农业科学,2018,51(3):401-405.MA L,MA W Q,ZHANG F S.Nutrient management in soil-crop-animal production system.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(3):401-405.(in Chinese)
[44]OENEMA O,OUDENDAG D,VELTHOF G L.Nutrient losses from manure management in the European Union.Livestock Science,2007,112(3):261-272.
[45]OENEMA O.Governmental policies and measures regulating nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure in European agriculture.Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(Suppl.):E196-206.