土壤熏蒸-微生物有机肥联用缓解设施茄子连作障碍的土壤生物化学效应研究
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摘要
【目的】针对甘肃省白银市日光温室茄子种植区连作现象普遍,连作障碍严重的现状,比较分析了土壤熏蒸和微生物有机肥联用技术对土壤微生物区系、酶活性等土壤生化性质的影响.【方法】本研究共设置6个处理:对照(CK)、石灰氮熏蒸(SFS)、威百亩熏蒸(SFW)、微生物有机肥处理(BF)、威百亩熏蒸与微生物有机肥联用(SFW+BF)、石灰氮熏蒸与微生物有机肥联用(SFS+BF),测定土壤中可培养的细菌、真菌和放线菌等微生物的数量,以及土壤中过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶等土壤酶的酶活性.【结果】土壤熏蒸与微生物有机肥的联用(SFW+BF和SFS+BF)对土壤可培养微生物的数量影响显著,茄子生长发育后期土壤中真菌的数量减少,细菌和放线菌的数量增加,土壤中细菌和真菌的比值(B/F)增大.其中以SFS+BF与SFW+BF作用效果最显著,盛果期细菌数量较CK分别显著增加92.25%和89.30%,真菌数量较CK分别减少62.37%和61.17%.SFW+BF和SFS+BF处理还显著提高了连作茄子土壤脲酶和磷酸酶以及生长后期过氧化氢酶的活性,但蔗糖酶活性的变化不显著(P<0.05).【结论】"土壤熏蒸+微生物有机肥"联用可使土壤微生态环境得到有效地改善,缓解设施茄子连作障碍,且"石灰氮熏蒸+微生物有机肥"的联用效果优于"威百亩熏蒸+微生物有机肥"的联用效果.
【Objective】 It is a common tillage of eggplant replanting in the solar greenhouse in Baiyin county,Gansu Province of western China.This study is exactly aimed to a evaluate the effect of soil fumigation combined with bio-organic fertilizer on the prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacles by comparing the soil microbial flora and enzyme activities.【Method】 We designed six treatment as following: control(CK),soil fumigation using metham-sodium(SFW),soil fumigation using lime nitrogen(SFS),bio-organic fertilizer(BF),a combination of SFW and bio-organic fertilizer application(SFW+BF),combination of SFS and bio-organic fertilizer application(SFS+BF).The amount of microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the soil,and the enzyme activities such as catalase,urease,invertase and phosphatase in the soil were determined.【Result】 The combination of soil fumigation and bio-organic fertilizer(SFW+BF and SFS+BF) significantly affected the number of soil culturable microorganisms,soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased and fungi populations decreased.Thus,a higher proportion of bacteria and fungi was maintained in the soil(B/F),compared with CK,SFS+BF and SFW+BF treatment,which significantly increased the bacteria numbers by 92.25% and 89.30%,respectively,as well as decreased fungi numbers by 62.37% and 61.17%,respectively.Moreover,SFW+BF and SFS+BF treatments significantly increased the activity of urease and phosphatase in the continuous eggplant soil and catalase activity in the late growth stage,but the change of invertase activity was not significant(P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The combination of soil fumigation and bio-organic fertilizer can improve the soil micro-ecological environment and alleviate this crop continuous cropping obstacles in the of eggplant replant in facility.And the effect of lime nitrogen fumigation combined with bio-organic fertilizer is better than that of metham-sodium fumigation combined with microbial organic fertilizer.
【Objective】 It is a common tillage of eggplant replanting in the solar greenhouse in Baiyin county,Gansu Province of western China.This study is exactly aimed to a evaluate the effect of soil fumigation combined with bio-organic fertilizer on the prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacles by comparing the soil microbial flora and enzyme activities.【Method】 We designed six treatment as following: control(CK),soil fumigation using metham-sodium(SFW),soil fumigation using lime nitrogen(SFS),bio-organic fertilizer(BF),a combination of SFW and bio-organic fertilizer application(SFW+BF),combination of SFS and bio-organic fertilizer application(SFS+BF).The amount of microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the soil,and the enzyme activities such as catalase,urease,invertase and phosphatase in the soil were determined.【Result】 The combination of soil fumigation and bio-organic fertilizer(SFW+BF and SFS+BF) significantly affected the number of soil culturable microorganisms,soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased and fungi populations decreased.Thus,a higher proportion of bacteria and fungi was maintained in the soil(B/F),compared with CK,SFS+BF and SFW+BF treatment,which significantly increased the bacteria numbers by 92.25% and 89.30%,respectively,as well as decreased fungi numbers by 62.37% and 61.17%,respectively.Moreover,SFW+BF and SFS+BF treatments significantly increased the activity of urease and phosphatase in the continuous eggplant soil and catalase activity in the late growth stage,but the change of invertase activity was not significant(P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The combination of soil fumigation and bio-organic fertilizer can improve the soil micro-ecological environment and alleviate this crop continuous cropping obstacles in the of eggplant replant in facility.And the effect of lime nitrogen fumigation combined with bio-organic fertilizer is better than that of metham-sodium fumigation combined with microbial organic fertilizer.
引文
[1] 张瑞福,沈其荣.抑病型土壤的微生物区系特征及调控[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(5):125-132.
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[6] 刘星,张书乐,刘国锋,等.土壤熏蒸-微生物有机肥联用对连作马铃薯生长和土壤生化性质的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):122-133.
[7] 张军民.嫁接对减轻北方棚室茄子连作障碍的作用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[8] 郭炜,于洪久,李玉梅,等.不同微生物肥料对茄子生理生化指标的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016(2):44-47.
[9] Lanzén A,Simachew A,Gessesse A,et al.Surprising prokaryotic and eukaryotic diversity,community structure and biogeography of Ethiopian Soda Lakes[J].Plos One,2013,8(8):e72577.
[10] Castellanos T,Dohrmann A B,Imfeld G,et al.Search of environmental descriptors to explain the variability of the bacterial diversity from maize rhizospheres across a regional scale[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2009,45(5):383-393.
[11] Berg G,Smalla K.Plant species and soil type cooperatively shape the structure and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,2010,68(1):1-13.
[12] 章圣强,郭瑞英,曹靖,等.白银市日光温室土壤养分累积特征及重金属污染现状评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(4):711-716.
[13] 马得祯.茄子连作条件下日光温室土壤生物学特性的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.
[14] 吕海龙.生物有机肥配施硅肥及芸薹素对白银区日光温室连作茄子生长及土壤环境的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2018.
[15] 李振高,骆永明,滕应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[16] 邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:112-113.
[17] 王艳霞,冯宏,李华兴,等.生物复混肥对土壤微生物的影响研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(6):1206-1211.
[18] 张倩茹,周启星,张惠文.乙草胺与硫酸铜对黑土微生物的复合生态影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):826-831.
[19] Wu K,Yuan S F,Wang L L,et al.Effects of bio-organic fertilizer plus soil amendment on the control of tobacco bacterial wilt and composition of soil bacterial communities[J].Biol Fertil Soils,2014,50(6):961-971.
[20] Wu L,Wang J,Huang W,et al.Plant-microbe rhizosphere interactions mediated by Rehmannia glutinosa root exudates under consecutive monoculture[J].Scientific Reports,2015,6:19101.
[21] Zhang B,Li X,Wang F,et al.Assaying the potential autotoxins and microbial community associated with Rehmannia glutinosa,replant problems based on its 'autotoxic circle'[J].Plant & Soil,2016,407(1/2):307-322.
[22] She S,Niu J,Zhang C,et al.Significant relationship between soil bacterial community structure and incidence of bacterial wilt disease under continuous cropping system.[J].Archives of Microbiology,2017,199(2):1-9.
[23] 李琼芳.不同连作年限麦冬根际微生物区系动态研究[J].土壤通报,2006,37(3):563-565.
[24] 古战朝,习向根,刘红杰,等.连作对烤烟根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性的动态影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2017,45(5):508-513.
[25] 李春格,李晓鸣,王敬国.大豆连作对土体和根际微生物群落功能的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(4):1144-1150.
[26] 郭春景,关兆红,李玉文,等.生物有机肥料对人参重茬栽培地土壤微生态环境的影响研究[J].生物技术,2004,14(3):55-56.
[27] 李秀英,赵秉强,李絮花,等.不同施肥制度对土壤微生物的影响及其与土壤肥力的关系[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1591-1599.
[28] 李戌清,张雅,田忠玲,等.茄子连作与轮作土壤养分、酶活性及微生物群落结构差异分析[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2017,43(5):561-569.
[29] 谭周进,冯跃华,刘芳,等.稻作制与有机肥对红壤水稻土微生物及酶活性的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(4):121-123.
[30] 薛立,陈红跃,邝立刚.湿地松混交林地土壤养分、微生物和酶活性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(1):157-159.
[31] 杜社妮,张成娥,徐福利,等.不同施肥对日光温室西红柿菜地土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(8):1467-1470.
[32] 吕卫光,余廷园,诸海涛,等.黄瓜连作对土壤理化性状及生物活性的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(2):119-121.
[33] 妙佳源,李夏,周达,等.连作对谷子土壤酶活性及养分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):123-126.
[34] 刘素慧,刘世琦,张自坤,等.大蒜连作对其根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(5):1000-1006.
[35] 阮维斌,王敬国,张福锁,等.溴甲烷土壤灭菌对大豆苗期根系生长的影响.生态学报,2001,21(5):759-764.
[2] Huang X,Zhang N,Yong X,et al.Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off disease in cucumber with Bacillus pumilus SQR-N43[J].Microbiological Research,2012,167(3):135-143.
[3] Chen L,Huang X,Zhang F,et al.Application of Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 bio-organic fertiliser significantly controls Fusarium wilt and affects the microbial communities of continuously cropped soil of cucumber[J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture,2012,92(12):2465-2470.
[4] Wei Z,Yang X,Yin S,et al.Efficacy of Bacillus-fortified organic fertiliser in controlling bacterial wilt of tomato in the field[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2011,48(2):152-159.
[5] 刘星.甘肃中部沿黄灌区马铃薯连作障碍机理及防控技术初探[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.
[6] 刘星,张书乐,刘国锋,等.土壤熏蒸-微生物有机肥联用对连作马铃薯生长和土壤生化性质的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):122-133.
[7] 张军民.嫁接对减轻北方棚室茄子连作障碍的作用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[8] 郭炜,于洪久,李玉梅,等.不同微生物肥料对茄子生理生化指标的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016(2):44-47.
[9] Lanzén A,Simachew A,Gessesse A,et al.Surprising prokaryotic and eukaryotic diversity,community structure and biogeography of Ethiopian Soda Lakes[J].Plos One,2013,8(8):e72577.
[10] Castellanos T,Dohrmann A B,Imfeld G,et al.Search of environmental descriptors to explain the variability of the bacterial diversity from maize rhizospheres across a regional scale[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2009,45(5):383-393.
[11] Berg G,Smalla K.Plant species and soil type cooperatively shape the structure and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,2010,68(1):1-13.
[12] 章圣强,郭瑞英,曹靖,等.白银市日光温室土壤养分累积特征及重金属污染现状评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(4):711-716.
[13] 马得祯.茄子连作条件下日光温室土壤生物学特性的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.
[14] 吕海龙.生物有机肥配施硅肥及芸薹素对白银区日光温室连作茄子生长及土壤环境的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2018.
[15] 李振高,骆永明,滕应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[16] 邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:112-113.
[17] 王艳霞,冯宏,李华兴,等.生物复混肥对土壤微生物的影响研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(6):1206-1211.
[18] 张倩茹,周启星,张惠文.乙草胺与硫酸铜对黑土微生物的复合生态影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):826-831.
[19] Wu K,Yuan S F,Wang L L,et al.Effects of bio-organic fertilizer plus soil amendment on the control of tobacco bacterial wilt and composition of soil bacterial communities[J].Biol Fertil Soils,2014,50(6):961-971.
[20] Wu L,Wang J,Huang W,et al.Plant-microbe rhizosphere interactions mediated by Rehmannia glutinosa root exudates under consecutive monoculture[J].Scientific Reports,2015,6:19101.
[21] Zhang B,Li X,Wang F,et al.Assaying the potential autotoxins and microbial community associated with Rehmannia glutinosa,replant problems based on its 'autotoxic circle'[J].Plant & Soil,2016,407(1/2):307-322.
[22] She S,Niu J,Zhang C,et al.Significant relationship between soil bacterial community structure and incidence of bacterial wilt disease under continuous cropping system.[J].Archives of Microbiology,2017,199(2):1-9.
[23] 李琼芳.不同连作年限麦冬根际微生物区系动态研究[J].土壤通报,2006,37(3):563-565.
[24] 古战朝,习向根,刘红杰,等.连作对烤烟根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性的动态影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2017,45(5):508-513.
[25] 李春格,李晓鸣,王敬国.大豆连作对土体和根际微生物群落功能的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(4):1144-1150.
[26] 郭春景,关兆红,李玉文,等.生物有机肥料对人参重茬栽培地土壤微生态环境的影响研究[J].生物技术,2004,14(3):55-56.
[27] 李秀英,赵秉强,李絮花,等.不同施肥制度对土壤微生物的影响及其与土壤肥力的关系[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1591-1599.
[28] 李戌清,张雅,田忠玲,等.茄子连作与轮作土壤养分、酶活性及微生物群落结构差异分析[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2017,43(5):561-569.
[29] 谭周进,冯跃华,刘芳,等.稻作制与有机肥对红壤水稻土微生物及酶活性的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(4):121-123.
[30] 薛立,陈红跃,邝立刚.湿地松混交林地土壤养分、微生物和酶活性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(1):157-159.
[31] 杜社妮,张成娥,徐福利,等.不同施肥对日光温室西红柿菜地土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(8):1467-1470.
[32] 吕卫光,余廷园,诸海涛,等.黄瓜连作对土壤理化性状及生物活性的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(2):119-121.
[33] 妙佳源,李夏,周达,等.连作对谷子土壤酶活性及养分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):123-126.
[34] 刘素慧,刘世琦,张自坤,等.大蒜连作对其根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(5):1000-1006.
[35] 阮维斌,王敬国,张福锁,等.溴甲烷土壤灭菌对大豆苗期根系生长的影响.生态学报,2001,21(5):759-764.