中国地区小麦产量及产量要素对秸秆还田响应的整合分析
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摘要
为探究秸秆还田对中国小麦的增产效果,运用整合分析方法定量分析秸秆还田后小麦产量及产量要素的变化范围,并探讨不同秸秆还田条件的影响;通过文献检索与严格筛选,整理得到55篇田间试验数据资料,建立小麦产量及产量要素数据库,并应用整合分析方法,比较分析秸秆还田对小麦产量和产量要素的整体影响以及秸秆还田技术的适用条件。结果表明,总体上秸秆还田能够显著增加小麦产量和产量要素,但增长幅度不大。通过分析其影响因素发现,在黄河流域到长江流域之间的省份,选择潮土、塿土、水稻土等养分中等、复杂难以利用的土壤类型,实行秸秆还田技术的收益较好;不同耕作方式对秸秆还田的影响较大,免耕和翻耕技术好于旋耕技术;施氮水平>300 kg·hm~(-2)时,增产不显著,200～300 kg·hm~(-2)施氮水平为最佳;秸秆种类与还田量对小麦的增产效果影响较大,其中使用麦秸还田效果一般,稻秸全量或半量还田成效较好,玉米秸半量还田(6 000 kg·hm~(-2))增产最大。综上,秸秆还田能够增加小麦产量和产量因素,秸秆还田的最佳条件为在秦岭-淮河一线南北地区实行免耕与翻耕交替耕作方式,采用玉米秸秆半量还田方法,施氮水平为200～300 kg·hm~(-2)。本研究结果为秸秆还田在我国小麦高产高效技术的应用提供了理论参考。
In this study, the integrated analysis method was used to quantitatively analyze the range of wheat yield and yield factors after straw returning, and different straw returning conditions were discussed in order to study the effect of straw returning on wheat yield in China. Fifty-five data files of field experiments were sorted through literature retrieval and strict screening. Then a database of yield and yield factors for wheat was established. The integrated analysis was applied to analyze the effects of straw returning on wheat yield and yield factors as well as the suitable conditions of straw returning technology. On the whole, straw returning could significantly increase the yield and yield factors of wheat, but the growth rate was modest. The study found that the yield of straw returning technology in the soil types that are complex and difficult to use such as alluvial soil, loess soil, paddy soil etc. is better in the provinces between the Yellow River Valley and the Yangtze River Basin. Different tillage methods have different effects on straw returning and the technique of no tillage and tillage is better than rotary tillage. The yield was not remarkably raised when the amount of nitrogen was >300 kg·hm~(-2). 200～300 kg·hm~(-2) could be the optimum nitrogen application rate. Different straw types and returning amount had a great influence on the yield increase of wheat. The effect of wheat straw returning is generally good, and rice straw is good and half of the corn straw(6 000 kg·hm~(-2)) is the best. Straw returning can increase wheat yield and yield factors in China. Half of the corn straw returning in Qinling Mountains and Huaihe with the implementation of no tillage and tillage and the nitrogen amount of 200～300 kg·hm~(-2) is the best condition for returning straw to field. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the application of straw returning in China.
In this study, the integrated analysis method was used to quantitatively analyze the range of wheat yield and yield factors after straw returning, and different straw returning conditions were discussed in order to study the effect of straw returning on wheat yield in China. Fifty-five data files of field experiments were sorted through literature retrieval and strict screening. Then a database of yield and yield factors for wheat was established. The integrated analysis was applied to analyze the effects of straw returning on wheat yield and yield factors as well as the suitable conditions of straw returning technology. On the whole, straw returning could significantly increase the yield and yield factors of wheat, but the growth rate was modest. The study found that the yield of straw returning technology in the soil types that are complex and difficult to use such as alluvial soil, loess soil, paddy soil etc. is better in the provinces between the Yellow River Valley and the Yangtze River Basin. Different tillage methods have different effects on straw returning and the technique of no tillage and tillage is better than rotary tillage. The yield was not remarkably raised when the amount of nitrogen was >300 kg·hm~(-2). 200～300 kg·hm~(-2) could be the optimum nitrogen application rate. Different straw types and returning amount had a great influence on the yield increase of wheat. The effect of wheat straw returning is generally good, and rice straw is good and half of the corn straw(6 000 kg·hm~(-2)) is the best. Straw returning can increase wheat yield and yield factors in China. Half of the corn straw returning in Qinling Mountains and Huaihe with the implementation of no tillage and tillage and the nitrogen amount of 200～300 kg·hm~(-2) is the best condition for returning straw to field. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the application of straw returning in China.
引文
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[2] Ling Y, Zhang Z, Cao X, Zhu S, Xuan Z, Wu L. Responses of rice production, milled rice quality and soil properties to various nitrogen inputs and rice straw incorporation under continuous plastic film mulching cultivation[J]. Field Crops Research, 2014, 155(2): 164-171
[3] Peng S, Guo T, Liu G. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal networks on soil aggregations of purple soil in southwest China[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013, 57(3): 411-417
[4] 刘春晓. 稻麦两熟制秸秆沟埋还田作用特点研究[D]. 南京:南京农业大学, 2010
[5] 陈素英,张喜英,裴冬,孙宏勇. 秸秆覆盖对夏玉米田棵间蒸发和土壤温度的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2004, 23(4): 32-36
[6] Lenka N K, Lal R. Soil aggregation and greenhouse gas flux after 15 years of wheat straw and fertilizer management in a no-till system[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2013, 126(1): 78-89
[7] Shan Y, Cai Z, Han Y, Johnson S E, Buresh R J. Organic acid accumulation under flooded soil conditions in relation to the incorporation of wheat and rice straws with different C:N ratios[J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2008, 54(1): 46-56
[8] 潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环,郭瑞英. 秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(5): 526-535
[9] Said-Pullicino D, Cucu M A, Sodano M, Birk J J, Glaser B, Celi L. Nitrogen immobilization in paddy soils as affected by redox conditions and rice straw incorporation[J]. Geoderma, 2014, 228(1): 44-53
[10] Zhao Y, Pang H, Wang J, Huo L, Li Y. Effects of straw mulch and buried straw on soil moisture and salinity in relation to sunflower growth and yield[J]. Field Crops Research, 2014, 161: 16-25
[11] 全国农作物秸秆资源调查与评价报告[J]. 农业工程技术:新能源产业, 2011, 8(2): 2-5
[12] Ji L Q. An assessment of agricultural residue resources for liquid biofuel production in China[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 44: 561-575
[13] 张宁. 山东地区农作物秸秆生态化综合利用研究[D]. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2013
[14] 赵秀玲,任永祥,赵鑫,濮超,张向前,张海林. 华北平原秸秆还田生态效应研究进展[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, 32(1): 1-7
[15] 武威,刘涛,陈瑛瑛,孙成明,陈雯,杨秉臻. 小麦苗情诊断指标及其监测方法研究进展[J]. 农机化研究, 2016, 38(1): 6-11, 27
[16] 张锋,李鹏,张凤云,李新华,孙明柱,高国强. 玉米秸秆还田对不同类型小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2011, 43(3): 30-32, 36
[17] 陈俊. 秸秆还田、氮肥和密度对小麦产量和品质的影响[D]. 南京:南京农业大学, 2012
[18] 刘义国,刘永红,刘洪军,商健,于淙超,林琪. 秸秆还田量对土壤理化性状及小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(3): 131-135
[19] 姜自红,刘中良,江生泉. 秸秆还田与氮肥配施对小麦产量和收获指数的影响[J]. 天津农业科学, 2016, 22(1): 9-12
[20] 郑凤英,陆宏芳,彭少麟. 整合分析在生态学应用中的优势及存在的问题[J]. 生态环境, 2005, 14(3): 417-421
[21] Saxe H, Ellsworth D S, Heath J. Tansley Review No. 98. Tree and forest functioning in an enriched CO2 atmosphere[J]. New Phytologist, 1998, 139(3): 395-436
[22] 郑凤英,彭少麟. 几种数量综述方法的介绍与比较[J]. 生态科学, 2001, 20(4): 73-77
[23] Arnqvist G, Wooster D. Meta-analysis: synthesizing research findings in ecology and evolution[J]. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1995, 10(6): 236-240
[24] Glass G V. Primary, Secondary, and Meta-analysis of research[J]. Educational Researcher, 1976, 5(10): 3-8
[25] 彭少麟,唐小焱. Meta分析及其在生态学上的应用[J]. 生态学杂志, 1998, 17(5): 75-80
[26] 郑凤英,彭少麟. Meta分析中几种常用效应值的介绍[J]. 生态科学, 2001, 20(Z1): 81-84
[27] 郑凤英,陆宏芳,彭少麟. 整合分析中的非参数检验:重复取样检验法的实例应用[J]. 生态环境, 2004, 13(4): 616-618
[28] 苑俊丽. 免耕和高效氮肥对水稻产量及氮磷流失影响的整合分析研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2015
[29] 苑俊丽,梁新强,李亮,叶玉适,傅朝栋,宋清川. 中国水稻产量和氮素吸收量对高效氮肥响应的整合分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(17): 3414-3423
[30] 郑凤英,彭少麟. 整合分析中两种假设模型的介绍及实例分析[J]. 生态科学, 2004, 23(4): 292-294
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