江苏省森林植被碳储量分布结构及变化特征
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摘要
2010年以来,江苏省森林资源呈现出面积下降但蓄积增长的分化走势,森林类型和区域分布发生结构性变化,对全省森林植被碳储量产生较大影响。基于全国第8次(2010年)、第9次(2015年)2期森林资源清查资料,利用生物量转换因子连续函数法对5a间全省森林植被碳储量、碳密度、地理空间分布格局及动态变化的特征和原因进行了研究。结果表明:1)2015年江苏省森林/林木碳储量分别为3 638.10×10~4t、4 594.59×10~4t,相比2010年增长8.94%、11.53%,森林碳密度23.15t/hm~2,增加14.22%。2)2015年全省乔木林碳储量3 321.73×10~4t,同比增长9.97%,树种(组)碳储量比重标准差下降4.38,其中杨树比重降低17.45%,树种碳储量更平衡;碳储量林龄分布由2010年时集中于中龄林(53.86%)大幅调整为23∶33∶44(幼∶中∶近成过),结构更为合理。3)2015年全省森林碳储量在地理板块间分布比重为苏北57.26%、苏南32.61%、苏中10.13%,前两者分别降低10.5%、增长10.65%,区域分布结构趋于均衡,不同类型在市域间表现较大差异性。经分析,全省各森林类型间、树种间、林龄间、区域间的碳储量、碳密度结构趋向合理,增长的可持续性得到强化,在不同地区间造林绿化、采伐消耗、森林抚育等针对性措施驱动下,全省碳库潜力巨大,未来增长空间与速度可观。同时,在四旁树和散生木碳储量估算方法、不同树种(组)宜地生物量转换因子甄选、江淮地区灌木经济林和竹林单位面积碳储量因子选取等方面做了讨论,以期为更高精度下基于清查数据估算华东平原省份森林植被碳储量提供借鉴。
Since 2010,the forest resources in Jiangsu Province have shown differentiation trend:decrease in forest area and increase in accumulation growth.Structural changes occurred in forest types and regional distribution,which exerted great impact on forest carbon storage in the whole province.Based on the ninth(2015)and eighth(2010)national forest resource inventory data,the characteristics and driving forces of the changes in carbon reserves,carbon density,spatial distribution patterns and forest vegetation were studied by using the continuous function method of biomass conversion factor.The results showed that:1)the forest carbon storage and the carbon storage of trees in Jiangsu Province in 2015 was 3 638.10×10~4 t and 4 594.59×10~4 t,increased by 8.94% and 11.53%,respectively,compared to 2010,and the forest carbon density in 2015 was 23.15 t/hm~2,increased by 14.22%.2)The forest carbon storage of arbor tree species was 3 321.73×10~4 t,increased by 9.97%.The standard deviation weight of the carbon storage of the dominant tree species/group decreased by 4.38,of which the poplar tree species accounted for 17.45%,and the carbon storage of the tree species were more balanced.The proportion of forest age distribution of the carbon storage among young/middle aged/premature,mature and over mature stands were 23∶33∶44 in2015,more reasonable in structure than 2010,in which the middle aged forest stands accounted for53.86%.3)By 2015,the geographical distribution of forest carbon reserves in the province was 57.26%in northern Jiangsu,32.61%in southern and 10.13%in central part of Jiangsu.The proportion of the northern Jiangsu increased by 10.5%and that of the southern Jiangsu decreased by 10.65%.The structure tended to be optimal,and the forest types varied in different districts or areas.It was concluded that the structure of carbon storage and density among forest types,tree species,forest ages and regions tended to be reasonable,and the sustainability of growth was strengthened in Jiangsu Province,driven by afforestation,cutting consumption and forest tending among different regions.There would be a huge potential carbon pool,its growth space would be large and its growth speed would be considerably great in the future.Additionally,this paper made a useful discussion on the method of estimating the reserves of the "four-side trees"and scattered wood carbon reserves,the selection of the suitable biomass conversion factor of different tree species,the selection of the shrub economic forest and the selection of the carbon reserves in the unit area of the bamboo forest in region of the Changjiang River and the Huaihe River,in order to estimate the carbon storage of the forest vegetation in the East China Plain based on the higher precision.
Since 2010,the forest resources in Jiangsu Province have shown differentiation trend:decrease in forest area and increase in accumulation growth.Structural changes occurred in forest types and regional distribution,which exerted great impact on forest carbon storage in the whole province.Based on the ninth(2015)and eighth(2010)national forest resource inventory data,the characteristics and driving forces of the changes in carbon reserves,carbon density,spatial distribution patterns and forest vegetation were studied by using the continuous function method of biomass conversion factor.The results showed that:1)the forest carbon storage and the carbon storage of trees in Jiangsu Province in 2015 was 3 638.10×10~4 t and 4 594.59×10~4 t,increased by 8.94% and 11.53%,respectively,compared to 2010,and the forest carbon density in 2015 was 23.15 t/hm~2,increased by 14.22%.2)The forest carbon storage of arbor tree species was 3 321.73×10~4 t,increased by 9.97%.The standard deviation weight of the carbon storage of the dominant tree species/group decreased by 4.38,of which the poplar tree species accounted for 17.45%,and the carbon storage of the tree species were more balanced.The proportion of forest age distribution of the carbon storage among young/middle aged/premature,mature and over mature stands were 23∶33∶44 in2015,more reasonable in structure than 2010,in which the middle aged forest stands accounted for53.86%.3)By 2015,the geographical distribution of forest carbon reserves in the province was 57.26%in northern Jiangsu,32.61%in southern and 10.13%in central part of Jiangsu.The proportion of the northern Jiangsu increased by 10.5%and that of the southern Jiangsu decreased by 10.65%.The structure tended to be optimal,and the forest types varied in different districts or areas.It was concluded that the structure of carbon storage and density among forest types,tree species,forest ages and regions tended to be reasonable,and the sustainability of growth was strengthened in Jiangsu Province,driven by afforestation,cutting consumption and forest tending among different regions.There would be a huge potential carbon pool,its growth space would be large and its growth speed would be considerably great in the future.Additionally,this paper made a useful discussion on the method of estimating the reserves of the "four-side trees"and scattered wood carbon reserves,the selection of the suitable biomass conversion factor of different tree species,the selection of the shrub economic forest and the selection of the carbon reserves in the unit area of the bamboo forest in region of the Changjiang River and the Huaihe River,in order to estimate the carbon storage of the forest vegetation in the East China Plain based on the higher precision.
引文
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[13]王琪瑶,李云红,刘延坤,等.不同间伐强度下长白落叶松人工林土壤总有机碳特征及其影响因素[J].森林工程,2018,34(1):1-5.WANG Q Y,LI Y H,LIU Y K,et al.The characteristics and impact factors of different thinning intensity on soil total organic in the Larix olgensis plantation[J].Forest Engineering,2018,34(1):1-5.(in Chinese)
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[15]邵波,燕腾.四川省森林植被碳储量及碳密度估算[J].西南林业大学学报,2017,37(2):179-183.SHAO B,YAN T.Study on carbon storage and carbon density of forest in Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2017,37(2):179-183.(in Chinese)
[16]燕腾,彭一航,王效科,等.西南5省市区森林植被碳储量及碳密度估算[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(4):39-43.TENG Y,PENG Y H,WANG X K,et al.Estimation on carbon reserve and carbon density of the forest vegetation in five Southwestern provinces[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(4):39-43.(in Chinese)
[17]刘艳,孙向阳,范俊岗,等.辽宁省森林植被碳储量及其动态变化[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(2):211-216.LIU Y,SUN X Y,FAN J G,et al.Carbon storage and its dynamics of forest vegetations in Liaoning Province[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(2):211-216.(in Chinese)
[18]贾松伟.基于森林资源清查资料的河南省森林碳储量及其经济价值研究[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(6):1612-1616.JIA S W.Study on carbon storage of forest vegetation and its economic value in Henan Province based on continuous forest resources inventory[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(6):1612-1616.(in Chinese)
[19]林维,崔晓阳.地形因子对大兴安岭北端寒温带针叶林土壤有机碳储量的影响[J].森林工程,2017,33(3):1-6.LIN W,CUI X Y.The influences of topographic factors on soil organic carbon storage in cool conifer forest in the North of Great Xingan Mountain[J].Forest Engineering,2017,33(3):1-6.(in Chinese)
[20]王棣,佘雕,张帆,等.森林生态系统碳储量研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):85-91.WANG L,SHE D,ZHANG F,et al.Avances in the researches of carbon storage of forest ecosystems[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(2):85-91.(in Chinese)
[2]杨晓菲,鲁绍伟,饶良懿,等.中国森林生态系统碳储量及其影响因素研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(3):73-78.YANG X F,LU S W,RAO L Y,et al.Advances in the researches of carbon storage of forest ecology and related factors in China[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2011,26(3):73-78.(in Chinese)
[3]张春华,居为民,王登杰,等.2004-2013年山东省森林碳储量及其碳汇经济价值[J].生态学报,2018,38(5):1739-1749.ZHANG C H,JU W M,WANG D J,et al.Biomass carbon stocks and economic value dynamics of forests in Shandong Province from 2004to 2013[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(5):1739-1749.(in Chinese)
[4]方精云,刘国华,徐嵩龄.我国森林植被生物量和净生产力[J].生态学报,1996,16(5):497-508.FANG J Y,LIU G H,XU S L.Biomass and net production of forest vegetation in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1996,16(5):497-508.(in Chinese)
[5]FANG J Y,CHEN A P,PENG C H,et al.Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949and 1998[J].Science,2001,292:2320-2322.
[6]ZHANG C H,JU W M,CHEN J M,et al.China's forest biomass carbon sink based on seven inventories from 1973to 2008[J].Climatic Change,2013,118(3/4):933-948.
[7]刘国华,傅伯杰,方精云.中国森林碳动态及其对全球碳平衡的贡献[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):733-740.LIU G H,FU B J,FANG J Y.Carbon dynamics of Chinese forests and its contribution to global carbon balance[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(5):733-740.(in Chinese)
[8]田勇燕,秦飞,言华,等.我国常见木本植物的含碳率[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(26):16166-16169.TIAN Y Y,QIN F,YAN H,et al.Carbon content rate in the common woody plants of China[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2011,39(26):16166-16169.(in Chinese)
[9]田勇燕,秦飞,关庆伟.江苏徐州市果树经济林的碳储量估算[J].中国园艺文摘,2014(5):50-52.
[10]郭兆迪,胡会峰,李品,等.1977-2008年中国森林生物量碳汇的时空变化[J].中国科学:生命科学,2013,43(5):421-431.GUO Z D,HU H F,LI P,et al.Spatio-temporal changes in biomass carbon sinks in China’s forests during 1977-2008[J].Science China:Life Science,2013,43(5):421-431.(in Chinese)
[11]郑刚,戎慧,程小义,等.基于森林资源连续清查的江苏省森林资源动态变化分析[J].江苏林业科技,2017,44(2):43-47.
[12]李雷达,方晰,李斌,等.湖南省2014年森林植被碳储量、碳密度及其区域空间分布格局[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(1):70-77.LI L D,FANG X,LI B,et al.Forest vegetation carbon storage,carbon density and spatial distribution pattern in 2014in Hunan Province[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2017,37(1):70-77.(in Chinese)
[13]王琪瑶,李云红,刘延坤,等.不同间伐强度下长白落叶松人工林土壤总有机碳特征及其影响因素[J].森林工程,2018,34(1):1-5.WANG Q Y,LI Y H,LIU Y K,et al.The characteristics and impact factors of different thinning intensity on soil total organic in the Larix olgensis plantation[J].Forest Engineering,2018,34(1):1-5.(in Chinese)
[14]郝丽,徐娟娟,翟园,等.近30a陕西省森林植被碳储量及其动态变化[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(5):1056-1062.HAO L,XU J J,ZHAI Y,et al.Forest carbon storage and its dynamic change in Shaanxi Province in recent 30years[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(5):1056-1062.(in Chinese)
[15]邵波,燕腾.四川省森林植被碳储量及碳密度估算[J].西南林业大学学报,2017,37(2):179-183.SHAO B,YAN T.Study on carbon storage and carbon density of forest in Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2017,37(2):179-183.(in Chinese)
[16]燕腾,彭一航,王效科,等.西南5省市区森林植被碳储量及碳密度估算[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(4):39-43.TENG Y,PENG Y H,WANG X K,et al.Estimation on carbon reserve and carbon density of the forest vegetation in five Southwestern provinces[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(4):39-43.(in Chinese)
[17]刘艳,孙向阳,范俊岗,等.辽宁省森林植被碳储量及其动态变化[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(2):211-216.LIU Y,SUN X Y,FAN J G,et al.Carbon storage and its dynamics of forest vegetations in Liaoning Province[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(2):211-216.(in Chinese)
[18]贾松伟.基于森林资源清查资料的河南省森林碳储量及其经济价值研究[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(6):1612-1616.JIA S W.Study on carbon storage of forest vegetation and its economic value in Henan Province based on continuous forest resources inventory[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(6):1612-1616.(in Chinese)
[19]林维,崔晓阳.地形因子对大兴安岭北端寒温带针叶林土壤有机碳储量的影响[J].森林工程,2017,33(3):1-6.LIN W,CUI X Y.The influences of topographic factors on soil organic carbon storage in cool conifer forest in the North of Great Xingan Mountain[J].Forest Engineering,2017,33(3):1-6.(in Chinese)
[20]王棣,佘雕,张帆,等.森林生态系统碳储量研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):85-91.WANG L,SHE D,ZHANG F,et al.Avances in the researches of carbon storage of forest ecosystems[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(2):85-91.(in Chinese)