用户侧友好互动探究
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摘要
将发电侧、电网和用户侧组成的"源网荷",通过友好互动的形式将三者进行协调发展、集成互补,是实现我国能源互联网战略规划的重要途径。文章从用户侧出发,对用户侧友好互动体系的关键技术和互动模式进行研究。首先基于用户侧荷随源动、荷随网动的互动内涵,对用户侧友好互动的体系架构和互动理念进行介绍。然后,从态势感知、优化决策、协调控制和负荷恢复4个环节对用户侧友好互动的关键技术及解决方案进行梳理、总结。接着,对电网紧急、次紧急情况下的ms级/s级用户侧友好互动模式和正常情况下的min级用户侧友好互动模式进行重点研究,并对用户侧友好互动实践探索进行总结。最后,对用户侧友好互动未来发展进行展望。
A "source-grid-load" system, consisting of source, grid and user sides and coordinated through friendly and harmonious development, integration and complement, is an important way to achieve energy Internet strategic planning.Based on the user side, the key technologies and interactive mode of user-friendly interaction are studied. Firstly, based on the principle of interaction between users, the architecture and interaction concepts of user-friendly interaction are presented.Then, from four aspects of situational awareness, optimal decision making, coordinated control and load recovery, the key technologies of user-friendly interaction are sorted out.And the millisecond/second-level user-side friendly interactive mode under emergency and sub-emergency situations of the power grid and the minute-level user-side friendly interactive mode under normal situation are studied. Finally, future development of user-friendly interaction is prospected.
A "source-grid-load" system, consisting of source, grid and user sides and coordinated through friendly and harmonious development, integration and complement, is an important way to achieve energy Internet strategic planning.Based on the user side, the key technologies and interactive mode of user-friendly interaction are studied. Firstly, based on the principle of interaction between users, the architecture and interaction concepts of user-friendly interaction are presented.Then, from four aspects of situational awareness, optimal decision making, coordinated control and load recovery, the key technologies of user-friendly interaction are sorted out.And the millisecond/second-level user-side friendly interactive mode under emergency and sub-emergency situations of the power grid and the minute-level user-side friendly interactive mode under normal situation are studied. Finally, future development of user-friendly interaction is prospected.
引文
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[22]陈庆,闪鑫,罗建裕,等.特高压直流故障下源网荷协调控制策略及应用[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(5):147-152.Chen Qing,Shan Xin,Luo Jianyu,et al.Source-grid-load coordinated control strategy and its application under UHVDC faults[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(5):147-152(in Chinese).
[23]尹积军.支持特高压互联电网安全运行的供需友好互动技术研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5715-5723.Yin Jijun.Research on load friendly interactive technology for safe operation of UHV interconnected power grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5715-5723(in Chinese).
[24]Tuan L A,Bhattacharya K.Competitive framework for procurement of interruptible load services[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2003,18(2):889-897.
[25]Huang K Y,Chin H C,Huang Y C.A model reference adaptive control strategy for interruptible load management[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2004,19(1):683-689.
[26]Huang K Y,Huang Y C.Integrating direct load control with interruptible load management to provide instantaneous reserves for ancillary services[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(3):1626-1634.
[27]Callaway D S,Hiskens I A.Achieving control ability of loads[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2011,99(1):184-199.
[28]杨胜春,汤必强,姚建国,等.基于态势感知的电网自动智能调度架构及关键技术[J].电网技术,2014,38(1):33-39.Yang Shengchun,Tang Biqiang,Yao Jianguo,et al.Architecture and key technologies for situational awareness based automatic intelligent dispatching of power Grid[J].Power Systems Technology,2014,38(1):33-39(in Chinese).
[29]王雁平,乐春峡.电力系统负荷建模的数据预处理技术[J].电网技术,2007,31(2):292-294.Wang Yanping,Le Chunxia.A data pretreatment technique about power system load modeling[J].Power Systems Technology,2007,31(2):292-294(in Chinese).
[30]刁赢龙,盛万兴,刘科研,等.大规模配电网负荷数据在线清洗与修复方法研究[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3134-3140.Diao Yinglong,Sheng Wanxing,Liu Keyan,et al.Research on online cleaning and repair methods of large-scale distribution network load data[J].Power Systems Technology,2015,39(11):3134-3140(in Chinese).
[31]王德文,孙志伟.电力用户侧大数据分析与并行负荷预测[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(3):527-537.Wang Dewen,Sun Zhiwei.Big data analysis and parallel load forecasting of electric power user side[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(3):527-537(in Chinese).
[32]刘友波,刘俊勇,赵岩,等.基于多目标聚类的用电集群特征属性计算[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(19):46-51.Liu Youbo,Liu Junyong,Zhao Yan,et al.Calculation of characteristic attributes of consumer aggregations based on multi-objective clustering[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(19):46-51(in Chinese).
[33]赵莉,候兴哲,胡君,等.基于改进k-means算法的海量智能用电数据分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):46-51.Zhao Li,Hou Xingzhe,Hu Jun,et al.Improved k-means algorithm based analysis on massive data of intelligent power utilization[J].Power Systems Technology,2014,38(10):46-51(in Chinese).
[34]朱文俊,王毅,罗敏,等.面向海量用户用电特性感知的分布式聚类算法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):21-27.Zhu Wenjun,Wang Yi,Luo Min,et al.Distributed clustering algorithm for awareness of electricity consumption characteristics of massive consumers[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):21-27(in Chinese).
[35]廖斌杰,蒋玉明,刘铁.基于任务并发机制的中心化集群管理系统[J].计算机应用于软件,2013,30(5):236-240.Liao Binjie,Jiang Yuming,Liu Tie.Task concurrency-based centralized cluster management system[J].Computer Applications and Software,2013,30(5):236-240(in Chinese).
[36]刘伟佳,林振智,文福拴,等.计及重要负荷优先恢复的局部电力系统恢复策略[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(12):32-37.Liu Jianwei,Lin Zhenzhi,Wen Fushuan,et al.A resroration strategy for a local power system considering critical load pickup[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(12):32-37(in Chinese).
[37]夏叶,康重庆,宁波,等.用户侧互动模式下发用电一体化调度计划[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(1):17-23.Xia Ye,Kang Chongqing,Ning Bo,et al.A generation and load integrated scheduling on interaction mode on customer side[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(1):17-23(in Chinese).
[2]肖世杰.构建中国智能电网技术思考[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(9):1-4.Xiao Shijie.Consideration of technology for constructing Chinese smart grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(9):1-4(in Chinese).
[3]徐鲲鹏.源荷互动技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.
[4]刘振亚.中国电力与能源[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.
[5]刘振亚.特高压建设[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2005.
[6]Hongming Yang,Chung C Y,Junhua Zhao.Application of plug-in electric vehicles to frequency regulation based on distributed signal acquisition via limited communication[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1017-1026.
[7]余贻鑫,刘艳丽.智能电网的挑战性问题[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(2):1-5.Yu Yixin,Liu Yanli.Challenging issues of smart grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(2):1-5(in Chinese).
[8]张东霞,姚良忠,马文媛.中外智能电网发展战略[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):1-14.Zhang Dongxia,Yao Liangzhong,Ma Wenyuan.Development strategies of smart grid in China and abroad[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):1-14(in Chinese).
[9]张东霞,苗新,刘丽平,等.智能电网大数据技术发展研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(1):2-12.Zhang Dongxia,Miao Xin,Liu Liping,et al.Research on development strategy for smart grid big data[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(1):2-12(in Chinese).
[10]Sardar A,Kui Wu,Kyle W,et al.A machine learning approach to meter placement for power quality estimation in smart grid[J].IEEETrans on Smart Grid,2016,7(3):1552-1561.
[11]Wayes T,Bo Chai,Chau Y,et al.Energy storage sharing in smart grid:a modified auction-based approach[J].IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2016,7(3):1462-1475.
[12]Seyed M M T,Azim S L.Long-term market equilibrium in smart grid Paradigm with introducing demand response provider in Competition[J].IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2015,6(6):2794-2806.
[13]罗建裕,李海峰,江叶峰,等.基于稳控技术的源网荷友好互动精准负荷控制系统[J].电力工程技术,2017,36(1):25-29.Luo Jianyu,Li Haifeng,Jiang Yefeng,et a1.Source network load friendly interactive and precise load control system based on stability control technology[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2017,36(1):25-29(in Chinese).
[14]刘振亚.智能电网技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[15]卫志农,余爽,孙国强,等.虚拟电厂的概念与发展[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(13):1-9.Wei Zhinong,Yu Shuang,Sun Guoqiang,et al.Concept and development of virtual power plant[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(13):1-9(in Chinese).
[16]张小平,李佳宁,付灏.配电能源互联网:从虚拟电厂到虚拟电力系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3532-3540.Zhang Xiaoping,Li Jianing,Fu Hao.Distribution power&energy internet:from virtual power plants to virtual power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3532-3540(in Chinese).
[17]Panayiotis M,Nikos D H.Decision trees-aided active power reduction of a virtual power plant for power system over-frequency mitigation[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Informatics,2015,11(1):251-261.
[18]Hongming Yang,Dexin Yi,Junhua Zhao,et al.Distributed optimal dispatch of virtual power plant via limited communication[J].IEEETrans on Power Systems,2013,28(3):3511-3512.
[19]曾丹,姚建国,杨胜春,等.柔性负荷与电网互动的系统动力学仿真模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4227-4233.Zeng Dan,Yao Jianguo,Yang Shengchun,et al.System dynamics simulation model of flexible load in interactive power grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4227-4233(in Chinese).
[20]姚建国,杨胜春,王珂,等.智能电网“源-网-荷”互动运行控制概念及研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(21):1-6.Yao Jianguo,Yang Shengchun,Wang Ke,et al.Concept and research framework of smart grid“source-grid load”interactive operation and control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(21):1-6(in Chinese).
[21]曾鸣,杨雍琦,向红伟,等.兼容需求侧资源的“源-网-荷-储”协调优化调度模型[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(2):102-111.Zeng Ming,Yang Yongqi,Xiang Hongwei,et al.Optimal dispatch model based on coordination between“generation-grid-load-energystorage”and demand-side resource[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(2):102-111(in Chinese).
[22]陈庆,闪鑫,罗建裕,等.特高压直流故障下源网荷协调控制策略及应用[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(5):147-152.Chen Qing,Shan Xin,Luo Jianyu,et al.Source-grid-load coordinated control strategy and its application under UHVDC faults[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(5):147-152(in Chinese).
[23]尹积军.支持特高压互联电网安全运行的供需友好互动技术研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5715-5723.Yin Jijun.Research on load friendly interactive technology for safe operation of UHV interconnected power grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5715-5723(in Chinese).
[24]Tuan L A,Bhattacharya K.Competitive framework for procurement of interruptible load services[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2003,18(2):889-897.
[25]Huang K Y,Chin H C,Huang Y C.A model reference adaptive control strategy for interruptible load management[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2004,19(1):683-689.
[26]Huang K Y,Huang Y C.Integrating direct load control with interruptible load management to provide instantaneous reserves for ancillary services[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(3):1626-1634.
[27]Callaway D S,Hiskens I A.Achieving control ability of loads[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2011,99(1):184-199.
[28]杨胜春,汤必强,姚建国,等.基于态势感知的电网自动智能调度架构及关键技术[J].电网技术,2014,38(1):33-39.Yang Shengchun,Tang Biqiang,Yao Jianguo,et al.Architecture and key technologies for situational awareness based automatic intelligent dispatching of power Grid[J].Power Systems Technology,2014,38(1):33-39(in Chinese).
[29]王雁平,乐春峡.电力系统负荷建模的数据预处理技术[J].电网技术,2007,31(2):292-294.Wang Yanping,Le Chunxia.A data pretreatment technique about power system load modeling[J].Power Systems Technology,2007,31(2):292-294(in Chinese).
[30]刁赢龙,盛万兴,刘科研,等.大规模配电网负荷数据在线清洗与修复方法研究[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3134-3140.Diao Yinglong,Sheng Wanxing,Liu Keyan,et al.Research on online cleaning and repair methods of large-scale distribution network load data[J].Power Systems Technology,2015,39(11):3134-3140(in Chinese).
[31]王德文,孙志伟.电力用户侧大数据分析与并行负荷预测[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(3):527-537.Wang Dewen,Sun Zhiwei.Big data analysis and parallel load forecasting of electric power user side[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(3):527-537(in Chinese).
[32]刘友波,刘俊勇,赵岩,等.基于多目标聚类的用电集群特征属性计算[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(19):46-51.Liu Youbo,Liu Junyong,Zhao Yan,et al.Calculation of characteristic attributes of consumer aggregations based on multi-objective clustering[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(19):46-51(in Chinese).
[33]赵莉,候兴哲,胡君,等.基于改进k-means算法的海量智能用电数据分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):46-51.Zhao Li,Hou Xingzhe,Hu Jun,et al.Improved k-means algorithm based analysis on massive data of intelligent power utilization[J].Power Systems Technology,2014,38(10):46-51(in Chinese).
[34]朱文俊,王毅,罗敏,等.面向海量用户用电特性感知的分布式聚类算法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):21-27.Zhu Wenjun,Wang Yi,Luo Min,et al.Distributed clustering algorithm for awareness of electricity consumption characteristics of massive consumers[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):21-27(in Chinese).
[35]廖斌杰,蒋玉明,刘铁.基于任务并发机制的中心化集群管理系统[J].计算机应用于软件,2013,30(5):236-240.Liao Binjie,Jiang Yuming,Liu Tie.Task concurrency-based centralized cluster management system[J].Computer Applications and Software,2013,30(5):236-240(in Chinese).
[36]刘伟佳,林振智,文福拴,等.计及重要负荷优先恢复的局部电力系统恢复策略[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(12):32-37.Liu Jianwei,Lin Zhenzhi,Wen Fushuan,et al.A resroration strategy for a local power system considering critical load pickup[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(12):32-37(in Chinese).
[37]夏叶,康重庆,宁波,等.用户侧互动模式下发用电一体化调度计划[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(1):17-23.Xia Ye,Kang Chongqing,Ning Bo,et al.A generation and load integrated scheduling on interaction mode on customer side[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(1):17-23(in Chinese).