采动条件下断层构造的变形特征实测与分析
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摘要
采场围岩中断层构造的活化效应一直是矿井防治水工作的重点研究内容。文章结合淮南某矿工作面地质条件,采用分布式光纤传感测试技术,在井下布设钻孔测试系统,对FS2断层进行岩层变形实时监测,获得了测试空间岩体的应变连续观测数据。数据处理结果表明:当工作面推进距离断层40 m左右时,断层开始活化;当工作面距离断层20～30 m时,断层活化效应明显增强。同时利用FLAC~(3D)数值模拟方法,对断层受力变形破坏进行模拟验证,两者结果具有良好的一致性。分析认为:采动引起的断层构造面附近岩层的应变变化特征显著,进一步证明了断层存在采动诱导活化的可能性;且光纤传感测试技术所提供的数据信息量大、精度高,可为矿井评价断层危险性及断层活化导致的冲击地压和矿井突水判断提供依据。
The activation effect of the fault structure in the surrounding rock of stope has always been the key researching content of water prevention in the mines. Based on the geological conditions of a mining face in Huainan, the continuous observation data of rock mass strain in test space is gained by adopting distributed optical fiber sensing technology, laying the testing system in the drilling hole, and conducting the real-time monitoring for rock stratum deformation around the fault of FS2. The data processing results have indicated that the fault activation effect begins when the distance is about 40 m from the working face, and the effect enhances obviously when the distance is 20 to 30 m. At the same time, the FLAC3 D numerical simulation method is used to verify the deformation and fracture. And both of the results have good consistency. The analysis shows that the strain mutative characteristics of strata near the structural plane of the fault caused by the mining are remarkable, and it proves further the possibility of fault-induced activation. And the optical fiber sensing technology can provide a large amount of data with high precision, which can be served as references for the study of the fault dangerousness evaluating in mine, the rock burst caused by fault activation, and judgement of water inrush in mines.
The activation effect of the fault structure in the surrounding rock of stope has always been the key researching content of water prevention in the mines. Based on the geological conditions of a mining face in Huainan, the continuous observation data of rock mass strain in test space is gained by adopting distributed optical fiber sensing technology, laying the testing system in the drilling hole, and conducting the real-time monitoring for rock stratum deformation around the fault of FS2. The data processing results have indicated that the fault activation effect begins when the distance is about 40 m from the working face, and the effect enhances obviously when the distance is 20 to 30 m. At the same time, the FLAC3 D numerical simulation method is used to verify the deformation and fracture. And both of the results have good consistency. The analysis shows that the strain mutative characteristics of strata near the structural plane of the fault caused by the mining are remarkable, and it proves further the possibility of fault-induced activation. And the optical fiber sensing technology can provide a large amount of data with high precision, which can be served as references for the study of the fault dangerousness evaluating in mine, the rock burst caused by fault activation, and judgement of water inrush in mines.
引文
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[12]张丹,张平松,施斌,等.采场覆岩变形与破坏的分布式光纤监测与分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(5):952-957.ZHANG Dan,ZHANG Pingsong,SHI Bin,et al.Monitoring and analysis of overburden deformation and failure using distributed fiber optic sensing[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(5):952-957.
[13]柴敬,袁强,李毅,等.采场覆岩变形的分布式光纤检测试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增刊2):3589-3596.CHAI Jing,YUAN Qiang,LI Yi,et al.Experimental study on overlying strata deformation based on distributed optical fiber sensing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Sup 2):3589-3596.
[14]孙斌杨,张平松,付茂如,等.采场底板岩层破坏规律光纤测试方法与效果[J].合肥工业大学学报,2017,40(5):701-707.SUN Binyang,ZHANG Pingsong,FU Maoru,et al.Fiber optic test and results of failure law of floor strata in coal mining site[J].Journal of HeFei University of technology,2017,40(5):701-707.
[15]XU S A,ZHNAG P S,ZHANG D,et al.Simulation study of fiber optic monitoring technology of surrounding rock deformation under deep mining conditions[J].Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring,2015,5(5):1-9.
[16]张平松,许时昂.矿井光纤测试技术发展与应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(3):1381-1389.ZHANG Pingsong,XU Shi’ang.Development and application of mine fiber testing technology[J].Progress in Geophysics,2016,31(3):1381-1389.
[17]张平松,孙斌杨,许时昂.基于BOTDR的煤层底板突水温度场监测模拟研究[J].重庆交通大学学报,2016,35(5):28-31.ZHANG Pingsong,SUN Binyang,XU Shi’ang.Simulation research on BOTDR-based monitoring over temperature field of water inrushing from coal floor[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,2016,35(5):28-31.
[2]左建平,陈忠辉,王怀文,等.深部煤矿采动诱发断层活动规律[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(3):305-309.ZUO Jianping,CHEN Zhonghui,WANG Huaiwen,et al.Experimental investigation on fault activation pattern under deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(3):305-309.
[3]郭晓强,窦林名,陆菜平,等.采动诱发断层活化的微震活动规律研究[J].煤矿安全,2011,42(1):26-29.GUO Xiaoqiang,DOU Linming,LU Caiping,et al.Research on the microseismic activity of fault reaction induced by coal mining[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2011,42(1):26-29.
[4]宋继臣,窦林名,何江,等.峻德煤矿104掘进工作面冲击矿压防治技术[J].矿业安全与环保,2010,37(5):49-51.SONG Jichen,DOU Linming,HE Jiang,et al.Control technology of rock burst in driving face of 104 Junde coal mine[J].Mining Safety and Environmental Protection,2010,37(5):49-51.
[5]侯玮,霍海鹰,郭晓朋,等.深部综放工作面动压微震监测及控制技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(3):36-38.HOU Wei,HUO Haiying,GUO Xiaopeng,et al.Research on microseismic monitoring and control technology of dynamic pressure in deep fully-mechanized top coal caving face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(3):36-38.
[6]姜福兴,刘伟建,叶根喜,等.构造活化的微震监测与数值模拟耦合研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增刊2):3590-3596.JIANG Fuxing,LIU Weijian,YE Genxi,et al.Coupling study of microseismic monitoring and numerical simulation for tectonic activation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Sup 2):3590-3596.
[7]李书奎,张连福,张少峰.微震监测技术在煤层底板突水防治中的应用[J].煤矿开采,2011,16(5):94-96.LI Shukui,ZHANG Lianfu,ZHANG Shaofeng.Application of micro-seismic monitoring technology in floor water-brust prevention[J].Coal Mining Technology,2011,16(5):94-96.
[8]杜东见,马献超,徐学锋.采掘影响下断层活化产生矿震的力源分析及微震监测[J].中州煤炭,2012(7):13-19.DU Dongjian,MA Xianchao,XU Xuefeng.Energy source analysis and microseismic monitoring of mine earthquake induced by fault activation under the action of excavation[J].Zhongzhou Coal,2012(7):13-19.
[9]陆银龙,王连国.含断层煤层底板损伤破坏演化数值模拟及微震监测研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(1):38-44.LU Yinlong,WANG Lianguo.Modeling and microseismic monitoring of damage and failure evolution of faulty coal seam floor[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(1):38-44.
[10]刘泉声,张伟,卢兴利,等.断层破碎带大断面巷道的安全监控与稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1954-1962.LIU Quansheng,ZHANG Wei,LU Xingli,et al.Safety monitoring and stability analysis of large-scale roadway in fault fracture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1954-1962.
[11]姜耀东,吕玉凯,赵毅鑫,等.综采工作面过断层巷道稳定性多参量监测[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(10):1601-1605.JIANG Yaodong,LYU Yukai,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Multi-parameter monitoring the stability of rock around roadway while fully mechanized coal face passing through fault[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(10):1601-1605.
[12]张丹,张平松,施斌,等.采场覆岩变形与破坏的分布式光纤监测与分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(5):952-957.ZHANG Dan,ZHANG Pingsong,SHI Bin,et al.Monitoring and analysis of overburden deformation and failure using distributed fiber optic sensing[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(5):952-957.
[13]柴敬,袁强,李毅,等.采场覆岩变形的分布式光纤检测试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增刊2):3589-3596.CHAI Jing,YUAN Qiang,LI Yi,et al.Experimental study on overlying strata deformation based on distributed optical fiber sensing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Sup 2):3589-3596.
[14]孙斌杨,张平松,付茂如,等.采场底板岩层破坏规律光纤测试方法与效果[J].合肥工业大学学报,2017,40(5):701-707.SUN Binyang,ZHANG Pingsong,FU Maoru,et al.Fiber optic test and results of failure law of floor strata in coal mining site[J].Journal of HeFei University of technology,2017,40(5):701-707.
[15]XU S A,ZHNAG P S,ZHANG D,et al.Simulation study of fiber optic monitoring technology of surrounding rock deformation under deep mining conditions[J].Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring,2015,5(5):1-9.
[16]张平松,许时昂.矿井光纤测试技术发展与应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(3):1381-1389.ZHANG Pingsong,XU Shi’ang.Development and application of mine fiber testing technology[J].Progress in Geophysics,2016,31(3):1381-1389.
[17]张平松,孙斌杨,许时昂.基于BOTDR的煤层底板突水温度场监测模拟研究[J].重庆交通大学学报,2016,35(5):28-31.ZHANG Pingsong,SUN Binyang,XU Shi’ang.Simulation research on BOTDR-based monitoring over temperature field of water inrushing from coal floor[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,2016,35(5):28-31.