主要淡水水产品在养殖模式转换过程中营养品质的形成机制研究进展
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摘要
随着生活水平的提高人们越来越重视膳食品质,鲈鱼、乌鳢、鳜鱼等几种肉食性鱼类因其较高的营养价值而备受关注。目前,这几种经济鱼类正处在从传统池塘养殖向池塘工程化养殖和从饲喂冰鲜饵料向投喂人工配合饲料养殖模式转变的过程中。本文通过已有研究总结了这几种主要淡水水产品的养殖现状及具体评价营养价值的指标,并对其养殖模式转换过程中的营养价值可能出现的变化进行了综述。讨论总结后发现:投喂人工配合饲料养殖的鲈鱼、鳜鱼等经济鱼类营养价值特别是蛋白质品质低于投喂冰鲜饵料的。而池塘循环水养殖这种新型的养殖模式对这几种肉食性鱼类营养价值的影响尚不明确。但从目前已有研究来看,池塘循环水养殖能够有效改善水质,并在一定程度上限制了有害物质积累。所以这种新型养殖模式对这几种经济鱼类食用品质有积极的影响。本文通过对主要淡水水产品在养殖模式转换过程中营养价值形成机制进行综述,为推行绿色健康可持续的新型养殖模式提供了理论依据。
With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to dietary quality.And several carnivorous fishes, such as perch, Channa argus and Siniperca chuatsi have attracted more attention because of their high nutritive value. At present, aquaculture modes of these of economic fish are in the transformation process from traditional pond culture to pond engineering culture and from feeding the ice fresh fish to feeding the artificial formula feed. This paper summarized current aquaculture status and specific evaluation indexes of nutritive value for these major freshwater aquatic products, and reviewed the possible changes of nutritional value in the conversion course of the aquaculture mode. It is found that the nutritive value, especially protein quality of economic fish such as perch and mandarin fish fed with formula feed is lower than those fed with ice fresh fish, and the effect of pond circulating water culture on the nutritive value of the carnivorous fishes is unclear. However, research show that the pond circulating water culture can effectively improve water quality and limit the accumulation of harmful substances to a certain extent, and has a positive effect on the edible quality of the economic fish. By summarizing the mechanism of nutritive value formation during the transformation of aquaculture mode of the main freshwater aquatic products, it provides an application basis for the new, green and sustainable aquaculture mode.
With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to dietary quality.And several carnivorous fishes, such as perch, Channa argus and Siniperca chuatsi have attracted more attention because of their high nutritive value. At present, aquaculture modes of these of economic fish are in the transformation process from traditional pond culture to pond engineering culture and from feeding the ice fresh fish to feeding the artificial formula feed. This paper summarized current aquaculture status and specific evaluation indexes of nutritive value for these major freshwater aquatic products, and reviewed the possible changes of nutritional value in the conversion course of the aquaculture mode. It is found that the nutritive value, especially protein quality of economic fish such as perch and mandarin fish fed with formula feed is lower than those fed with ice fresh fish, and the effect of pond circulating water culture on the nutritive value of the carnivorous fishes is unclear. However, research show that the pond circulating water culture can effectively improve water quality and limit the accumulation of harmful substances to a certain extent, and has a positive effect on the edible quality of the economic fish. By summarizing the mechanism of nutritive value formation during the transformation of aquaculture mode of the main freshwater aquatic products, it provides an application basis for the new, green and sustainable aquaculture mode.
引文
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[29]时皎皎,糜漫天,韦娜,等.不同脂肪酸构成比对大鼠血脂影响的研究[J].第三军医大学学报,2007,29(9):824-827.
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[34] Wu X, Chang G, Cheng Y, et al. Effects of dietary phospholipid and highly unsaturated fatty acid on the gonadal development, tissue proximate composition,lipid class and fatty acid composition of precocious Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2010,16(1):25-36.
[35]刘汉元,吴宗文,高启平,等.投喂浮性膨化饲料与冰鲜鱼养殖南方大口鲇的效果对比[J].中国水产,2009(11):58-60.
[36]王煜恒,丁威,陈军,等.投喂配合饲料和冰鲜杂鱼对大菱鲆生长速度和饲料成本的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(7):282-285.
[37]顾宏兵,房俊,王玉梅,等.大规格池塘采用膨化颗粒饲料养殖乌鳢的效果[J].养殖与饲料,2012(4):8-15.
[38] Zhuang K, Wu N, Wang X, et al. Effects of 3 Feeding Modes on the Volatile and Nonvolatile Compounds in the Edible Tissues of Female Chinese Mitten Crab(Eriocheir sinensis)[J].Journal of food science,2016,81(4):968-981.
[39] Yang L L, Yang X Z, Zhao L L, et al. Effects of two Different Diets on the Growth,Digestive Enzyme Activity and Haemocytes in Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab(Eriocheir sinensis)[J].Journal of Fudan University,2011,50(5):619-624.
[40] Wu X, Wang Z, Cheng Y X, et al. Effects of dietary phospholipids and highly unsaturated fatty acids on the precocity, survival, growth and hepatic lipid composition of juvenile Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis(H. Milne-Edwards)[J].Aquaculture Research,2011,42(3):457-468.
[41]王广军,关胜军,吴锐全,等.大口黑鲈肌肉营养成分分析及营养评价[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(3):239-244.
[42]李志斐,龚望宝,王金林,等.冰鲜杂鱼和人工配合饲料对大口黑鲈肌肉品质及健康状况影响的评价[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(11):4180-4188.
[43]王国清,王兆礼,沈国雄,等.循环水养殖草鱼的营养和品质研究[J].科学养鱼,2017(4):54-55.
[44] Strandberg U, Palviainen M, Eronen A, et al. Spatial variability of mercury and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the European perch(Perca fluviatilis)-Implications for risk-benefit analyses of fish consumption[J].Environmental pollution,2016,219:305-14.
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[2]王广军,吴锐全,谢骏,等.投喂冰鲜下杂鱼和配合饲料对大口黑鲈养殖水质的影响[J].黑龙江水产,2009(2):5-9.
[3]胡庚东,宋超,陈家长,等.池塘循环水养殖模式的构建及其对氮磷的去除效果[J].生态与农村环境学报,2011,27(3):82-86.
[4]牛化欣,雷霁霖,常杰,等.大菱鲆浮性膨化饲料驯化技术与应用初探[J].科学养鱼,2014,30(10):67-68.
[5]彭刚,刘伟杰,童军,等.池塘循环水生态养殖效果分析[J].水产科学,2010,29(11):643-647.
[6]余红喜,凌武海,任信林,等.池塘高效循环流水养殖鳜鱼试验[J].水产养殖,2017,38(9):7-8.
[7]张林兵,徐跑,徐钢春,等.多品种主养池塘循环流水槽生态养殖试验[J].科学养鱼,2016(9):20-21.
[8]任爱景,杨正勇,戴亚娟,等.我国水产品需求预测研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(1):145-150.
[9]万慧珊,程波,宋晓红,等.循环水养殖欧洲鲈鱼(Dicentrarchus labrax)重金属污染状况与富集分布特征[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(5):83-91.
[10]郭水荣,王力,陈凌云,等.池塘内循环“水槽式”养殖青鱼试验[J].科学养鱼,2017(6):18-19.
[11]钱克林,凌武海,段国庆,等.鳜鱼池塘循环流水养殖试验[J].科学养鱼,2017(10):40-41.
[12]梁炽强,张进,梁文海,等.鳜鲮循环水养殖系统的构建与效果初探[J].海洋与渔业,2016(11):54-55.
[13]李云梦,郑侠飞,王岩,等.浙江省池塘养殖大口黑鲈和乌鳢的生长性能和养殖环境分析[J].水产科技情报,2018(1):11-17.
[14]李燕,李永强,李建忠,等.配合饲料完全替代鲜活饵料对翘嘴鳜生长、体成分及消化能力的影响[J].水产科技情报,2016,43(3):164-168.
[15]何杰,吴旭干,赵恒亮,等.全程投喂配合饲料条件下池养中华绒螯蟹的生长性能及其性腺发育[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(3):606-618.
[16]王竹,杨月欣,周瑞华,等.牛皮水解蛋白质氨基酸评分及其危害分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2006,18(2):108-111.
[17] Cabral E M, Campos S D, Castro-Cunha M, et al. Replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources up to 75%induces good growth performance without affecting flesh quality in ongrowing Senegalese sole[J].Aquaculture,2013,380-383(5):130-138.
[18] Wu X, Cheng Y, Sui L, et al. Biochemical composition of pondreared and lake-stocked Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis(H.Milne-Edwards)broodstock[J].Aquaculture Research,2007,38(14):1459-1467.
[19]陈志强,郑月,蔡洁琼,等.固城湖中华绒螯蟹可食部位氨基酸和脂肪酸组成[J].食品科学,2016,37(10):122-127.
[20] Organization W H, University U N. Energy and protein requirements[M].Energy and protein requirements:World Health Organization,1973:481-486.
[21]赵建章.蛋白质营养评价新方法的研究—必需氨基酸相对比值法[J].食品工业,1991(5):38-40.
[22]刘旭.鱼类肌肉品质综合研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2007:10-13.
[23]孙远明.食品营养学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002:46-51.
[24]王峰,雷霁霖.工厂化循环水养殖模式放养密度对半滑舌鳎成鱼生长和肌肉营养成分的影响[J].中国工程科学,2015,17(1):19-26.
[25]王炜,张伟敏.单不饱和脂肪酸的功能特性[J].中国食物与营养,2005(4):44-46.
[26]苏宜香,郭艳.膳食脂肪酸构成及适宜推荐比值的研究概况[J].中国油脂,2003,28(1):31-34.
[27]刘庆生,王加启,卜登攀,等.多不饱和脂肪酸对动物血脂代谢与抗氧化性能影响研究进展[J].中国饲料,2009(8):7-10.
[28]刘志国,王华林,王丽梅,等.多不饱和脂肪酸对神经细胞保护作用的研究进展[J].食品科学,2016,37(7):239-348.
[29]时皎皎,糜漫天,韦娜,等.不同脂肪酸构成比对大鼠血脂影响的研究[J].第三军医大学学报,2007,29(9):824-827.
[30]张亚光,王秋荣,王志勇.养殖鱼类肉质改良与评价的研究进展[J].渔业研究,2015,37(2):172-178.
[31]李志琼,杜宗君,范林君.饲料营养对水产品肉质风味的影响[J].水产科学,2002,21(2):38-41.
[32]张继剀,毛淑贤.人体必需微量元素与人类健康[J].甘肃科技,2005,21(3):183-184.
[33]侯振江,周秀艳.微量元素与疾病[J].微量元素与健康研究,2004,21(6):16-17.
[34] Wu X, Chang G, Cheng Y, et al. Effects of dietary phospholipid and highly unsaturated fatty acid on the gonadal development, tissue proximate composition,lipid class and fatty acid composition of precocious Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2010,16(1):25-36.
[35]刘汉元,吴宗文,高启平,等.投喂浮性膨化饲料与冰鲜鱼养殖南方大口鲇的效果对比[J].中国水产,2009(11):58-60.
[36]王煜恒,丁威,陈军,等.投喂配合饲料和冰鲜杂鱼对大菱鲆生长速度和饲料成本的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(7):282-285.
[37]顾宏兵,房俊,王玉梅,等.大规格池塘采用膨化颗粒饲料养殖乌鳢的效果[J].养殖与饲料,2012(4):8-15.
[38] Zhuang K, Wu N, Wang X, et al. Effects of 3 Feeding Modes on the Volatile and Nonvolatile Compounds in the Edible Tissues of Female Chinese Mitten Crab(Eriocheir sinensis)[J].Journal of food science,2016,81(4):968-981.
[39] Yang L L, Yang X Z, Zhao L L, et al. Effects of two Different Diets on the Growth,Digestive Enzyme Activity and Haemocytes in Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab(Eriocheir sinensis)[J].Journal of Fudan University,2011,50(5):619-624.
[40] Wu X, Wang Z, Cheng Y X, et al. Effects of dietary phospholipids and highly unsaturated fatty acids on the precocity, survival, growth and hepatic lipid composition of juvenile Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis(H. Milne-Edwards)[J].Aquaculture Research,2011,42(3):457-468.
[41]王广军,关胜军,吴锐全,等.大口黑鲈肌肉营养成分分析及营养评价[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(3):239-244.
[42]李志斐,龚望宝,王金林,等.冰鲜杂鱼和人工配合饲料对大口黑鲈肌肉品质及健康状况影响的评价[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(11):4180-4188.
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