大石峡砂砾石坝料渗透特性及其影响因素研究
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摘要
利用试样截面尺寸为1000 mm×1000 mm的超大型渗透仪和Φ300 mm的常规大型渗透仪,针对大石峡面板坝筑坝砂砾石料的渗透特性开展了较为系统的试验研究。结果表明:砂砾石料小于5 mm细粒含量对其渗透系数、抗渗透破坏能力及其破坏模式均具有重要影响;经过缩尺的砂砾石料渗透特性试验结果将高估原型料的排水性能和抗渗透破坏能力;试样尺寸越大,在振动压实制样过程中,砂砾石料中细颗粒离析至试样表面的现象越严重,为提高试验结果的可靠性,利用超大尺寸渗透仪开展试验时,应模拟现场砂砾石料实际振动碾压过程进行制样;大石峡高面板坝筑坝砂砾石料小于5 mm细颗粒含量较高,渗透系数偏小,有必要在垫层区和主堆砂砾料区之间设置过渡反滤区,以提高垫层区料的抗渗透破坏能力。
A super-large cubic permeability meter(1000 mm×1000 mm) and a traditional cylindrical large-scale permeability meter(Φ300 mm) are used to conduct systematic experiments on the permeability characteristics of gravel materials to be used in Dashixia concrete face gravel dam(CFGD). It is found that the content of fine particles smaller than 5 mm has important effects on the permeability coefficient, the seepage failure resistance and the relevant failure modes. Scaling of specimens tends to result in an overestimation of the drainage behavior and seepage failure resistance of the test gravel. Evident particle segregation phenomenon is observed in compacted and prepared specimens, particularly in those prepared in the super-large cubic permeability meter. Therefore, to improve the reliability of the test results, the in-situ compaction condition should be taken into account carefully. The test results also show that the content of particles smaller than 5 mm is high in the gravel materials to be used in Dashixia CFGD, which is responsible for the low permeability measured in the tests. It is necessary to set a transition and filter zone between the main gravel zone and the cushion so as to enhance the seepage failure resistance of the cushion materials.
A super-large cubic permeability meter(1000 mm×1000 mm) and a traditional cylindrical large-scale permeability meter(Φ300 mm) are used to conduct systematic experiments on the permeability characteristics of gravel materials to be used in Dashixia concrete face gravel dam(CFGD). It is found that the content of fine particles smaller than 5 mm has important effects on the permeability coefficient, the seepage failure resistance and the relevant failure modes. Scaling of specimens tends to result in an overestimation of the drainage behavior and seepage failure resistance of the test gravel. Evident particle segregation phenomenon is observed in compacted and prepared specimens, particularly in those prepared in the super-large cubic permeability meter. Therefore, to improve the reliability of the test results, the in-situ compaction condition should be taken into account carefully. The test results also show that the content of particles smaller than 5 mm is high in the gravel materials to be used in Dashixia CFGD, which is responsible for the low permeability measured in the tests. It is necessary to set a transition and filter zone between the main gravel zone and the cushion so as to enhance the seepage failure resistance of the cushion materials.
引文
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[2]邓铭江.严寒、高震、深覆盖层混凝土面板坝关键技术研究综述[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(6):986-996.(DENG Ming-jiang.Advances in key technology for concrete face dams with deep overburden layers under cold and seismic conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(6):986-996.(in Chinese))
[3]傅华,凌华,蔡正银.砂砾石料渗透特性试验研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(4):69-71.(FU Hua,LINGHua,CAI Zheng-Yin.Experimental study on seepage properties of sandy gravel[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2010,8(4):69-71.(in Chinese))
[4]郭诚谦.沟后水库溃坝原因分析[J].水力发电,1998(11):40-45.(GUO Cheng-qian.Analysis on the causes of dam breach of Gouhou Reservoir[J].Water Power,1998(11):40-45.(in Chinese))
[5]汪洋,曲苓.乌鲁瓦提砂砾石面板高坝渗流控制的设计[J].水利水电技术,2000,31(1):66-70.(WANG Yang,QU Ling.Seepage control design for Wuluwati dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2000,31(1):66-70.(in Chinese))
[6]郭爱国,凤家骥,汪洋,等.砂砾石坝料渗透特性试验研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1999,32(3):93-97.(GUOAi-guo,FENG Jia-ji,WANG Yang,et al.Experimental research on permeability of sandy gravel for dam mass[J].JWuhan Univ of Hydr&Elec Eng,1999,32(3):93-97.(in Chinese))
[7]SATO M,KUWANO R.Suffusion and clogging by one-dimensional seepage tests on cohesive soil[J].Soils and Foundations,2015,55(6):1427-1440.
[8]SEGHIR A,BENAMAR A,WANG H.Effects of fine particles on the suffusion of cohesionless soils.experiments and modeling[J].Transport in Porous Media,2014,103(2):233-247.
[9]屈智炯,吴剑明.压实石渣料渗透变形的试验研究[J].成都科技大学学报,1984(2):67-76.(QU zhi-jiong,WU Jian-ming.An experimental study of seepge deformation of the compacted rock debris sample[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Science and Technology,1984(2):67-76.(in Chinese))
[10]樊贵盛,邢日县,张明斌.不同级配砂砾石介质渗透系数的试验研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2012,43(3):373-378.(FAN Gui-sheng,XING Ri-xian,ZHANG Ming-bin.Experimental study on permeability of the sandy gravel media with different gradtion[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2012,43(3):373-378.(in Chinese))
[11]王俊杰,卢孝志,邱珍锋,等.粗粒土渗透系数影响因素试验研究[J].水利水运工程学报,2013(6):16-20.(WANG Jun-jie,LU Xiao-zhi,QIU Zhen-feng,et al.Experimental studies on influence factors of permeability coefficients of coarse-grained soil[J].Hydro-science and Engineering,2013(6):16-20.(in Chinese))
[12]杨得勇,雍莉.混凝土面板砂砾石坝垫层料过渡料渗流及渗透稳定性试验研究[J].西北水电,2001(2):47-50.(YANG De-yong,YONG Li.Study on bedding and transition aterials’seepage and permeation stability tests for Heiquan concrete face sand/gravel dam[J].Northwest Hydropower,2001(2):47-50.(in Chinese))