俄导弹列车技术发展变迁及启示
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摘要
梳理了前苏联、俄罗斯导弹列车的研发历程,描述了导弹列车问世以来产生的影响、作用及退役的情况,探析了俄近年来重启导弹列车研制项目又于2017年底暂停研制的原因;通过比较导弹列车技术与潜射、空射、地面固定发射技术,从机动运输、作战特点和打击效果等方面归纳了导弹列车的战技术性能优势。总结俄导弹列车技术发展的启示,分析了研制导弹列车技术的战略意义和价值。
By combing the course of research and development of missile trains in the former Soviet Union and Russia,the influence,function and decommissioning of missile train since its inception are described and the reasons why Russia restarted the missile train development project in recent years and suspended its development at the end of 2017 are explored. By comparing missile train technology with submarine launching technology,air launching technology and ground fixed launching technology,from the aspects of mobile transportation,operational characteristics and strike effect,the combat technical performance advantages of missile train are summarized. Through summing up the inspiration of the development of Russian missile train technology,the strategic significance and value of developing missile train technology are analyzed.
By combing the course of research and development of missile trains in the former Soviet Union and Russia,the influence,function and decommissioning of missile train since its inception are described and the reasons why Russia restarted the missile train development project in recent years and suspended its development at the end of 2017 are explored. By comparing missile train technology with submarine launching technology,air launching technology and ground fixed launching technology,from the aspects of mobile transportation,operational characteristics and strike effect,the combat technical performance advantages of missile train are summarized. Through summing up the inspiration of the development of Russian missile train technology,the strategic significance and value of developing missile train technology are analyzed.
引文
[1] Russia Prepares Replacement for Soviet-era RailwayBased Missiles[DB/OL][2013-4-23](2018-6-26). https:∥www. rt. com/politics/redesigns-missilesrailway-based-soviet-era-243/.
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[3] Russia Stops Use of Rail-Based Missiles[DB/OL](2018-6-26). http:∥www. nti. org/gsn/article/russia-stops-use-of-rail-based-missiles/.
[4]夏薇.俄罗斯弹道导弹发展现状及未来预测[J].航天制造技术,2016(6):12-14.XIA Wei. Current Situation and Future Forecast of Ballistic Missile Development in Russia[J],Aerospace Manufacturing Technology Journal,2016(6):12-14.
[5] Tom Batchelor. Preparing for WAR? Russia Revives Soviet-Era Train that Can Fire SIX Nuclear Missiles[DB/OL][2016-11-24](2018-6-26). https:∥www. express. co. uk/news/world/735994/Russia-revives-mothballed-Soviet-train-fire-six-nuclear-ballistic-missiles.
[6]汪民乐,杨先德.机动导弹系统生存威胁环境分析[J].现代防御技术,2014,42(2):1-13.WANG Min-le,YANG Xian-de,Overview of Threats to Mobile Missile Systems[J]. Modern Defence Technology,2014,42(2):1-13.
[7]刘琳,马保海.国外空射运载火箭的发展及启示[J].航天系统与技术,2016(9):45-50.LIU Lin,MA Bao-hai. Development and Enlightenment of Foreign Air-Launched Launch Vehicle[J]. Space System And Technology,2016(9):45-50.
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[9]张滨,郝磊.导弹无依托作战及其能力需求综述[J].飞航导弹,2017(4):43-46.ZHANG Bin,HAO Lei. The Summary of Missile Combat Without Support and Its Capability Requirement[J].Winged Missiles Journal,2017(4):43-46.
[10]江山.美俄核导弹列车揭秘[J].环球军事,2005(3):26-27.JIANG Shan. Uncovering the Secret of the U. S.-Russia Nuclear Missile Trains[J]. Global Military,2005(3):26-27.
[11]郭维,杨清轩,苏强.国外弹道导弹核潜艇发展趋势研究[J].舰船科学技术,2015,37(7):233-237.GUO Wei,YANG Qing-xuan,SU Qiang. Research on Development Trend of Foreign SSBN[J]. Ship Science and Technology,2015,37(7):233-237.
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[13]张海军.导弹垂直发射动载荷分析及计算软件开发[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2010.ZHANG Hai-jun. Dynamic Loads Analysis and Calculation Software Development of Vertical Launching Missile[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2010.
[14]吴勤,张梦湉.影响导弹武器发展的颠覆性技术发展分析[J].战术导弹技术,2016(6):8-13.WU Qin,ZHANG Meng-tian. Analysis of Subversive Technology Development Affecting Missile Weapon Development[J]. Tactical Missile Technology,2016(6):8-13.
[15]朱华桥. 2020年前战略弹道导弹国际发展态势[J].中国航天,2012(9):60-63.ZHU Hua-qiao. International Development Trend of Strategic Ballistic Missile Before 2020[J]. Aerospace China,2012(9):60-63.
[16]景亮.美俄战略弹道导弹发展历程及启示[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017.JING Liang. The Development Course and Enlightenment of U. S.-Russia Strategic Ballistic Missile[D]. Harbin:Harbin University of Technology,2017.
[17]尼莫.努力赶超世界先进水平[J].兵器,2017(8):74-74.NI Mo. Striving to Catch up with the World Advanced Level:the Sevelopment of Hypersonic Technology in China[J]. Weaponry,2017(8):74-74.
[18]孙力舟.铁路的军事价值不可忽视[J].社会科学文摘,2014(2):37-39.SUN Li-zhou. The Military Value of Railway should not be Ignored[J]. Social Science Abstract,2014(2):37-39.
[19]许雪松.中国陆基地地战略导弹发展的历史回顾与经验启示[J].军事历史,2007(2):21-27.XU Xue-song. A Historical Review of the Development of Chinaundefineds Land-based Strategic Missile and Its Experience and Enlightenment[J]. Military History,2007(2):21-27.
[20]杨民青.中国战略导弹的威慑性[J].齐鲁周刊,2015(z1):28-29.YANG Min-qing. The Deterrent Capability of Chinaundefineds Strategic Missile[J]. Qilu Weekly,2015(z1):28-29.
[2]张乃千,高桂清.俄“导弹列车”鸣笛重启[J].发明与创新(大科技),2017(2):56-57.ZHANG Nai-qian,GAO Gui-qing. Russia Restarts Development of“Missile Train”[J]. Invention and Innovation,2017(2):56-57.
[3] Russia Stops Use of Rail-Based Missiles[DB/OL](2018-6-26). http:∥www. nti. org/gsn/article/russia-stops-use-of-rail-based-missiles/.
[4]夏薇.俄罗斯弹道导弹发展现状及未来预测[J].航天制造技术,2016(6):12-14.XIA Wei. Current Situation and Future Forecast of Ballistic Missile Development in Russia[J],Aerospace Manufacturing Technology Journal,2016(6):12-14.
[5] Tom Batchelor. Preparing for WAR? Russia Revives Soviet-Era Train that Can Fire SIX Nuclear Missiles[DB/OL][2016-11-24](2018-6-26). https:∥www. express. co. uk/news/world/735994/Russia-revives-mothballed-Soviet-train-fire-six-nuclear-ballistic-missiles.
[6]汪民乐,杨先德.机动导弹系统生存威胁环境分析[J].现代防御技术,2014,42(2):1-13.WANG Min-le,YANG Xian-de,Overview of Threats to Mobile Missile Systems[J]. Modern Defence Technology,2014,42(2):1-13.
[7]刘琳,马保海.国外空射运载火箭的发展及启示[J].航天系统与技术,2016(9):45-50.LIU Lin,MA Bao-hai. Development and Enlightenment of Foreign Air-Launched Launch Vehicle[J]. Space System And Technology,2016(9):45-50.
[8]王军延,刘维国,汪非.国外潜射导弹总体性能比较分析[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2012(2):17-39.WANG Jun-yan,LIU Wei-guo,WANG Fei. Comparison and Analysis of the Overall Performance of SubmarineLaunched Missiles Abroad[J]. Missile and Space Delivery Technology,2012(2):17-39.
[9]张滨,郝磊.导弹无依托作战及其能力需求综述[J].飞航导弹,2017(4):43-46.ZHANG Bin,HAO Lei. The Summary of Missile Combat Without Support and Its Capability Requirement[J].Winged Missiles Journal,2017(4):43-46.
[10]江山.美俄核导弹列车揭秘[J].环球军事,2005(3):26-27.JIANG Shan. Uncovering the Secret of the U. S.-Russia Nuclear Missile Trains[J]. Global Military,2005(3):26-27.
[11]郭维,杨清轩,苏强.国外弹道导弹核潜艇发展趋势研究[J].舰船科学技术,2015,37(7):233-237.GUO Wei,YANG Qing-xuan,SU Qiang. Research on Development Trend of Foreign SSBN[J]. Ship Science and Technology,2015,37(7):233-237.
[12] Charles P Vick. RS-24/SS-29/Yars-M[DB/OL][2016-4-16](2018-6-26). https:∥www. globalsecurity. org/wmd/world/russia/rs-24. htm. Retrieved 26June 2018.
[13]张海军.导弹垂直发射动载荷分析及计算软件开发[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2010.ZHANG Hai-jun. Dynamic Loads Analysis and Calculation Software Development of Vertical Launching Missile[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2010.
[14]吴勤,张梦湉.影响导弹武器发展的颠覆性技术发展分析[J].战术导弹技术,2016(6):8-13.WU Qin,ZHANG Meng-tian. Analysis of Subversive Technology Development Affecting Missile Weapon Development[J]. Tactical Missile Technology,2016(6):8-13.
[15]朱华桥. 2020年前战略弹道导弹国际发展态势[J].中国航天,2012(9):60-63.ZHU Hua-qiao. International Development Trend of Strategic Ballistic Missile Before 2020[J]. Aerospace China,2012(9):60-63.
[16]景亮.美俄战略弹道导弹发展历程及启示[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017.JING Liang. The Development Course and Enlightenment of U. S.-Russia Strategic Ballistic Missile[D]. Harbin:Harbin University of Technology,2017.
[17]尼莫.努力赶超世界先进水平[J].兵器,2017(8):74-74.NI Mo. Striving to Catch up with the World Advanced Level:the Sevelopment of Hypersonic Technology in China[J]. Weaponry,2017(8):74-74.
[18]孙力舟.铁路的军事价值不可忽视[J].社会科学文摘,2014(2):37-39.SUN Li-zhou. The Military Value of Railway should not be Ignored[J]. Social Science Abstract,2014(2):37-39.
[19]许雪松.中国陆基地地战略导弹发展的历史回顾与经验启示[J].军事历史,2007(2):21-27.XU Xue-song. A Historical Review of the Development of Chinaundefineds Land-based Strategic Missile and Its Experience and Enlightenment[J]. Military History,2007(2):21-27.
[20]杨民青.中国战略导弹的威慑性[J].齐鲁周刊,2015(z1):28-29.YANG Min-qing. The Deterrent Capability of Chinaundefineds Strategic Missile[J]. Qilu Weekly,2015(z1):28-29.