生产性服务业视角下城市网络的演化模式与机制研究——以长江三角洲为例
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摘要
从行业属性、企业内部因素和城市所处的环境3个层面的耦合关系视角,对生产性服务业视角下城市网络的形成演化模式和演化机制进行了理论探索。在基于地理空间的行政等级体系基础上,考虑到生产性服务业发展对于城市网络的综合影响,归纳了由初始集聚阶段-非均衡扩散阶段-等级网络形成阶段-网络成熟阶段的生产性服务业视角下城市网络的一般演化模式。实证研究表明,长三角城市网络正处于非均衡扩散向等级网络阶段演化的过渡时期,表现出网络的层级特征愈发明显、水平联系不断增强、联系方向更加多样化、服务功能联系差距缩小等特征。联系便捷程度、创新要素支撑、制造业发展基础,以及城市能级推动等要素对于长三角城市网络的影响较大。
This article makes a theoretical exploration on the formation and evolution mechanism of urban network based on producer services from the perspective of the recognition mechanism of urban network and the behavior mechanism of enterprise layout, specifically, including industry attributes, the internal factors of the enterprise and the urban environment. On the basis of the theory of regional development and industrial evolution, considering the process of enterprise spatial expansion, taking into account the geography-based administrative hierarchical system and the impact of producer services on urban network, the paper summarizes the general evolution model of the general evolution model of the initial agglomeration-unbalanced diffusion-hierarchical network-mature network of urban network based on producer service. At different stages, industrial space combinations, urban functional organization and urban hierarchy characteristics are constantly changing.The empirical study shows that the Yangtze River Delta urban network is in the transition period of unbalanced diffusion to the hierarchical network stage, showing that the obvious hierarchical characteristics, increasing horizontal linkages, contact direction showing the multiple trend, and the reduced service function contact gap.Its dynamic mechanism includes the convenience of contact, the foundation of manufacturing development,the support of innovation elements, and the promotion of city level. Under the combined action of these factors, the urban network structure of the Yangtze River Delta is becoming more and more perfect, and the horizontal link between the cities is increasing. The driving force of the formation and evolution of the urban network based on the productive service industry is not only derived from the location choice, the power distribution, the organizational structure of the enterprise, but also influenced by the government regulation. The future trend of the development of the network, whether there is a reasonable trend, and how does the government play a "positive intervention" role need to be further studied.
This article makes a theoretical exploration on the formation and evolution mechanism of urban network based on producer services from the perspective of the recognition mechanism of urban network and the behavior mechanism of enterprise layout, specifically, including industry attributes, the internal factors of the enterprise and the urban environment. On the basis of the theory of regional development and industrial evolution, considering the process of enterprise spatial expansion, taking into account the geography-based administrative hierarchical system and the impact of producer services on urban network, the paper summarizes the general evolution model of the general evolution model of the initial agglomeration-unbalanced diffusion-hierarchical network-mature network of urban network based on producer service. At different stages, industrial space combinations, urban functional organization and urban hierarchy characteristics are constantly changing.The empirical study shows that the Yangtze River Delta urban network is in the transition period of unbalanced diffusion to the hierarchical network stage, showing that the obvious hierarchical characteristics, increasing horizontal linkages, contact direction showing the multiple trend, and the reduced service function contact gap.Its dynamic mechanism includes the convenience of contact, the foundation of manufacturing development,the support of innovation elements, and the promotion of city level. Under the combined action of these factors, the urban network structure of the Yangtze River Delta is becoming more and more perfect, and the horizontal link between the cities is increasing. The driving force of the formation and evolution of the urban network based on the productive service industry is not only derived from the location choice, the power distribution, the organizational structure of the enterprise, but also influenced by the government regulation. The future trend of the development of the network, whether there is a reasonable trend, and how does the government play a "positive intervention" role need to be further studied.
引文
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[19]Taylor P J.External urban relational process:Introducing central flow theory to complement central place theory[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(13):2803-2818.
[20]王聪,曹有挥,陈国伟.基于生产性服务业的长江三角洲城市网络[J].地理研究,2014,33(2):323-335.[Wang Cong,Cao Youhui,Chen Guowei.Study on urban network of Yangtze River Delta region based on producer services.Geographical Research,2014,33(2):323-335.]
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[23]Taylor P J.West Asian/North African cities in the city network:A global analysis of dependence,integration and autonomy[J].Arab World Geographer,2001,4(3):146-159.
[24]Van Oort F,Burger M,Raspe O.On the economic foundation of the urban network paradigm:Spatial integration,functional integration and economic complementarities within the Dutch Randstad[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(4):725-748.
[25]赵渺希,刘铮.基于生产性服务业的中国城市网络研究[J].城市规划,2012,36(9):23-28.[Zhao Miaoxi,Liu Zheng.Research on China's city network based on production service industry.City Planning Review,2012,36(9):23-28.]
[26]Derudder B.Pathways of change:Shifting connectivities in the world city network,2000-08[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(9):1861-1877.
[27]Renato A,Pereira O,Derudder B.Determinants of dynamics in the world city network,2000-2004[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(9):1949-1967.
[28]Taylor P J,Evans D M,Pain K.The UK space economy as practised by advanced producer service firms:Identifying two distinctive polycentric city-regional processes in contemporary Britain[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2009,33(3):700-718.
[29]Taylor P J,D R F Walker.World cities:A first multivariate analysis of their service complexes[J].Urban Studies,2001,38(1):23-47.
[30]迪肯.全球性转变:重塑21世纪的全球经济地图[M].刘卫东,等译.北京:商务印书馆.2007.[Dicken P.Global shift:Reshaping the global economic map in the 21st century.Translated by Liu Weidong et al.Beijing:The Commercial Press,2007.]
[31]刘曙华.生产性服务业集聚对区域空间重构的作用途径和机理研究:以长江三角洲地区为例[D].上海:华东师范大学,2012.[Liu Shuhua.Ways and influence mechanism of agglomeration of producer services on reconstruction of regional space:Case study of the Yangtze Delta Area.Shanghai:East China Normal University,2012.]
[2]王聪,曹有挥.生产性服务业视角下的城市网络构建研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(7):1051-1059.[Wang Cong,Cao Youhui.Research progress in urban network construction from the perspective of producer services industry.Progress in Geography,2013,32(7):1051-1059.]
[3]Goetz A R.Air passenger transportation and growth inthe US urban system 1950-1987[J].Growth and Change,1992,23(2):217-238.
[4]Matsumoto H.International urban systems and air passenger and cargo flows:Some calculations[J].Journal of Air Transport Management,2004,10(4):239-247.
[5]Kaluza P,Kolzsch A,Gastner M T et al.The complex network of global cargo ship movements[J].Journal of the Royal Society Interface,2010,7(48):1093-1103.
[6]Berry B J L.Essays on commodity flows and the spatial structure of the Indian economy[D].Chicago:University of Chicago,1966.
[7]Gutierrez J,Gonzalez R,Gomez G.The Europeanhigh-speed train network:Predicted effects in accessibility patterns[J].Journal of Transport Geography,1996,4(4):227-238.
[8]Townsend A M.Networked cities and the global structure of the internet[J].American Behavioral Scientist,2001,44(10):1698-1717.
[9]Malecki E J.The economic geography of the Internet's infrastructure[J].Economic Geography,2002,78(4):399-424.
[10]甄峰,王波,陈映雪.基于网络社会空间的中国城市网络特征--以新浪微博为例[J].地理学报,2012,67(8):1031-1043.[Zhen Feng,Wang Bo,Chen Yingxue.China’s city network characteristics based on social network space:An empirical analysis of Sina Micro-blog.Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(8):1031-1043.]
[11]Matthiessen C W.World cities of scientific knowledge:Systems,networks and potential dynamics.An analysis based on bibliometricindicators[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(9):1879-1897.
[12]吕拉昌,李勇.基于城市创新职能的中国创新城市空间体系[J].地理学报,2010,65(2):177-190.[Lyu Lachang,Li Yong.A research on Chinese renovation urban system based on urban renovation function.Acta Geographica Sinica,2010,65(2):177-190.]
[13]Taylor P J,Derudder B,Saey P et al.Cities in globalization:Practices,policies and theories[M].Abingdon,UK:Routledge.2007.
[14]Sassen S.The global city:New York,London,Tokyo[M].NJ:Princeton University Press.2001.
[15]Taylor P J,Catalano G,Walker D R F.Measurement of the world city network[J].Urban Studies,2002,39(13):2367-2376.
[16]Liu X,Derudder B.Analyzing urban networks through the lens of corporate networks:A critical review[J].Cities,2013,31(2):430-437.
[17]Cheng D Z,Daniels P W.What’s so special about China’s producer services?An input-output analysis[J].China&World Economy,2014,22(1):103-120.
[18]Hoyler M.External relations of German cities through intrafirm networks:A global perspective[J].Raumforsch Raumordn,2011,69(3):147-159.
[19]Taylor P J.External urban relational process:Introducing central flow theory to complement central place theory[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(13):2803-2818.
[20]王聪,曹有挥,陈国伟.基于生产性服务业的长江三角洲城市网络[J].地理研究,2014,33(2):323-335.[Wang Cong,Cao Youhui,Chen Guowei.Study on urban network of Yangtze River Delta region based on producer services.Geographical Research,2014,33(2):323-335.]
[21]Rossi E C,Taylor P J.Banking networks across Brazilian cities:Interlocking cities within and beyond Brazil[J].Cities,2005,22(5):381-393.
[22]马学广,李鲁奇.中国城市网络化空间联系结构--基于银行网点数据的研究[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(4):393-403.[Ma Xueguang,Li Luqi.Network spatial connection structure of Chinese cities based on bank branches data.Progress in Geography,2017,36(4):393-403.]
[23]Taylor P J.West Asian/North African cities in the city network:A global analysis of dependence,integration and autonomy[J].Arab World Geographer,2001,4(3):146-159.
[24]Van Oort F,Burger M,Raspe O.On the economic foundation of the urban network paradigm:Spatial integration,functional integration and economic complementarities within the Dutch Randstad[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(4):725-748.
[25]赵渺希,刘铮.基于生产性服务业的中国城市网络研究[J].城市规划,2012,36(9):23-28.[Zhao Miaoxi,Liu Zheng.Research on China's city network based on production service industry.City Planning Review,2012,36(9):23-28.]
[26]Derudder B.Pathways of change:Shifting connectivities in the world city network,2000-08[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(9):1861-1877.
[27]Renato A,Pereira O,Derudder B.Determinants of dynamics in the world city network,2000-2004[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(9):1949-1967.
[28]Taylor P J,Evans D M,Pain K.The UK space economy as practised by advanced producer service firms:Identifying two distinctive polycentric city-regional processes in contemporary Britain[J].International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2009,33(3):700-718.
[29]Taylor P J,D R F Walker.World cities:A first multivariate analysis of their service complexes[J].Urban Studies,2001,38(1):23-47.
[30]迪肯.全球性转变:重塑21世纪的全球经济地图[M].刘卫东,等译.北京:商务印书馆.2007.[Dicken P.Global shift:Reshaping the global economic map in the 21st century.Translated by Liu Weidong et al.Beijing:The Commercial Press,2007.]
[31]刘曙华.生产性服务业集聚对区域空间重构的作用途径和机理研究:以长江三角洲地区为例[D].上海:华东师范大学,2012.[Liu Shuhua.Ways and influence mechanism of agglomeration of producer services on reconstruction of regional space:Case study of the Yangtze Delta Area.Shanghai:East China Normal University,2012.]