距离门宽度对单光子激光测高卫星探测概率及测距精度的影响
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摘要
针对距离门对单光子激光测高卫星探测概率以及测距精度的影响,结合激光雷达方程、单光子探测方程进行理论推导,采用不同宽度的距离门分析讨论,并利用蒙特卡洛方法进行模拟仿真试验。通过理论分析和仿真试验证明,距离门宽度对于探测概率影响不大,对于虚警概率具有较大影响,距离门为100ns时,测距误差可以满足激光测高卫星的测距要求,当距离门宽度超过400ns时,噪声占比会较大,测距精度会急剧下降,需要在数据后处理阶段采用精细化的滤波算法提取有效探测光子,保证测量精度。为保证对同一点重复观测25次,根据ICESat-2卫星的激光载荷参数,推导出光斑大小、光斑间距、激光重频三者之间的定量化关系。相关结论对于后续国产单光子激光测高卫星的设计与指标论证可提供一定参考。
The influence of the single photon laser altimeter range-gate width on the detection probability and ranging accuracy is discussed and analyzed,according to the LiDAR equation,single photon detection equation and the Monte Carlo method to simulate the experiment.The simulated results show that the probability of detection is not affected by the range gate,while the probability of false alarm is relative to the gate width.When the gate width is 100 ns,the ranging accuracy can accord with the requirements of satellite laser altimeter.But when the range gate width exceeds 400 ns,ranging accuracy will decline sharply.The noise ratio will be more as long as the range gate to get larger,so the refined filtering algorithm during the data processing is important to extract the useful photons effectively.In order to ensure repeated observation of the same point for 25 times,according to the parameters of ICESat-2,we deduce the quantitative relation between the footprint size,footprint,and the frequency repetition.The related conclusions can provide some reference for the design and the development of the domestic single photon laser altimetry satellite.
The influence of the single photon laser altimeter range-gate width on the detection probability and ranging accuracy is discussed and analyzed,according to the LiDAR equation,single photon detection equation and the Monte Carlo method to simulate the experiment.The simulated results show that the probability of detection is not affected by the range gate,while the probability of false alarm is relative to the gate width.When the gate width is 100 ns,the ranging accuracy can accord with the requirements of satellite laser altimeter.But when the range gate width exceeds 400 ns,ranging accuracy will decline sharply.The noise ratio will be more as long as the range gate to get larger,so the refined filtering algorithm during the data processing is important to extract the useful photons effectively.In order to ensure repeated observation of the same point for 25 times,according to the parameters of ICESat-2,we deduce the quantitative relation between the footprint size,footprint,and the frequency repetition.The related conclusions can provide some reference for the design and the development of the domestic single photon laser altimetry satellite.
引文
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[21] MARKUS T,NEUMANN T,MARTINO A,et al.The Ice,Cloud,and Land Elevation Satellite-2(ICESat-2):Science Requirements,Concept,and Implementation[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,190:260-273.
[2]唐新明,李国元.激光测高卫星的发展与展望[J].国际太空,2017(11):13-18.TANG Xinming,LI Guoyuan.Development and Prospect of Laser Altimetry Satellite[J].Space International,2017(11):13-18.
[3]李国元,唐新明,张重阳,等.多准则约束的ICESat/GLAS高程控制点筛选[J].遥感学报,2017,21(1):96-104.LI Guoyuan,TANG Xinming,ZHANG Chongyang,et al.Multi-criteria Constraint Algorithm for Selecting ICESat/GLAS Data as Elevation Control Points[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2017,21(1):96-104.
[4] MARKUS T,NEUMANN T,MARTINO A,et al.The Ice,Cloud,and Land Elevation Satellite-2(ICESat-2):Science Requirements,Concept,and Implementation[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,190:260-273.
[5]李鑫,廖鹤,赵美玲,等.激光测绘卫星对不同地表形貌探测能力分析[J].测绘学报,2014,43(12):1238-1244.DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0188.LI Xin,LIAO He,ZHAO Meiling,et al.Research on LiDAR Surveying Satellite Detection Capacity for Different Terrains[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(12):1238-1244.DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0188.
[6] KWOK R,MARKUS T,MORISON J,et al.Profiling Sea Ice with a Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar(MABEL)[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2014,31(5):1151-1168.
[7] VACEK M,PECA M,MICHALEK V,et al.Single Photon Laser Altimeter Data Processing,Analysis and Experimental Validation[J].Advances in Space Research,2015,56(7):1307-1318.
[8]吴凡,张勇,何姜,等.改进的距离选通3D成像激光雷达系统[J].红外与激光工程,2011,40(12):2388-2392.WU Fan,ZHANG Yong,HE Jiang,et al.Improved Range-gating 3DImaging Laser Radar[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2011,40(12):2388-2392.
[9] YANG Jie,KEREKES J.A Combined Approach for Ice Sheet Elevation Extraction from LiDAR Point Clouds[C]∥2014IEEE Western New York Image and Signal Processing Workshop.Rochester,NY,USA:IEEE,2014:15-18.
[10] LEIGH H W,MAGRUDER L A,CARABAJAL C C,et al.Development of Onboard Digital Elevation and Relief Databases for ICESat-2[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2015,53(4):2011-2020.
[11]王飞,赵远,张宇,等.激光脉冲强度对于盖革模式单光子探测测距精度影响的理论研究[J].光学学报,2010,30(10):2771-2775.WANG Fei,ZHAO Yuan,ZHANG Yu,et al.Theoretical Analysis of Influence of Laser Signal Strength on Range Precision in Single Photon Ranging[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2010,30(10):2771-2775.
[12]罗韩君.单光子成像探测关键技术研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.LUO Hanjun.Research on Key Technique of the Single Photon Imaging and Detection[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2013.
[13]黄科,李松,马跃,等.单光子模式激光测高探测概率模型与精度分析[J].中国激光,2016,43(11):1110001.HUANG Ke,LI Song,MA Yue,et al.Detection Probability Model of Single-photon Laser Altimetry and Its Range Accuracy[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(11):1110001.
[14]韩小纯,王元庆.盖革模式APD阵列在激光雷达技术中应用[J].激光与红外,2013,43(9):982-985.HAN Xiaochun,WANG Yuanqing.Application of Geigermode APD Array in Laser Radar[J].Laser and Infrared,2013,43(9):982-985.
[15]任熙明,李丽,鄢冬斌.基于APD阵列三维成像激光雷达信噪比分析[J].激光与红外,2010,40(2):132-135.REN Ximing,LI Li,YAN Dongbin.SNR Analysis of 3D Imaging Ladar Based on APD Arrays[J].Laser and Infrared,2010,40(2):132-135.
[16]薛莉,翟东升,李祝莲,等.激光测距中APD阵列探测信噪比分析[J].红外与激光工程,2017,46(3):0306001.XUE Li,ZHAI Dongsheng,LI Zhulian,et al.Signal-tonoise Ratio Analysis on APD Arrays in Laser Ranging[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2017,46(3):0306001.
[17]赵洪利,范有臣,孙华燕,等.基于盖革模式APD阵列的非扫描激光三维成像雷达研究综述[J].激光与红外,2013,43(10):1083-1088.ZHAO Hongli,FAN Youchen,SUN Huayan,et al.Review about 3DLaser Radar System Based on Geiger-mode APD array[J].Laser and Infrared,2013,43(10):1083-1088.
[18]罗韩君,元秀华.光子脉冲外差探测系统的测距精度[J].中国激光,2013,40(12):1208004.LUO Hanjun,YUAN Xiuhua.Accuracy of Photon Pulsed Heterodyne Detection System[J].Chinese Journal of Laser,2013,40(12):1208004.
[19]王飞.基于Geiger探测器的激光成像性能及测距精度研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.WANG Fei.Researches on Performance and Range Accuracy of Laser Imaging System Based on Geiger Mode Detectors[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[20]朱陆陆.蒙特卡洛方法及应用[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2014.ZHU Lulu.The Monte Carlo Method and Application[D].Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2014.
[21] MARKUS T,NEUMANN T,MARTINO A,et al.The Ice,Cloud,and Land Elevation Satellite-2(ICESat-2):Science Requirements,Concept,and Implementation[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,190:260-273.