不同微生物菌剂对棉秆高温好氧堆肥的影响
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摘要
【目的】探讨不同微生物菌剂对棉杆高温好氧堆肥的影响.【方法】试验以棉杆为单一原料,添加3种不同类型的微生物菌剂,对棉杆采用高温好氧堆肥发酵,对发酵过程中的温度、含水率、pH、EC、全氮含量、堆体体积变化进行了研究.【结果】添加微生物菌剂堆肥的发酵时间、温度变化、全氮含量、体积变化、含水率等均优于对照(未加任何菌剂).其中以南京农业大学资源与环境学院提供的生物菌剂(菌剂Ⅱ)效果最佳;堆体升温快,堆肥1 d进入高温期,第7天温度升到60℃,高温期达43 d;堆肥结束时,堆料pH 6.72,EC值变化平稳;全氮含量上升幅度最大,达到堆肥质量安全指标;体积折损量最小;棉秆高温发酵中由于水分蒸发量大,需要定时补水,在整个堆体发酵过程中,水分均呈下降趋势,并最终稳定在20%左右.【结论】菌剂Ⅱ能更好的适用于棉杆高温好氧堆肥.
【Objective】 To explore the effect of different microbial agents on cotton stalk composting at high temperature.【Method】 The cotton stalk was used as experimental material to measure the temperature,pH value,EC value,total nitrogen content and composting pile volume during the fermentation process of high-temperature aerobic composting with three different microbial agents.【Result】 The indices such as fermentation time,temperature variation,total nitrogen content,compost volume variation and the rate of water content of the treatments with microbial agents were all better than control.Among the treatments,the optimum effect occurred in the treatment with one kind of microbial agent offered by Resources and Environment College of Nanjing Agricultural University.And it performed faster temperature rising(entered the megathermal period after 1 day fermentation,the temperature reached 60℃ at 7~(th) day,the megathermal period lasted for 43 days),the stable pH value(pH 6.72) and EC value of stacking,the greatest increase of total nitrogen content which could reach the quality safety index of compost and the minimal reduction of composting pile volume.In this treatment,meanwhile,the composting pile needed water replenishing at regular time because of the high evaporation rate.The rate of water content steadily reduced during the whole fermentation process,and eventually stabilized at around 20%.【Conclusion】 Microbial agent Ⅱ was more suitable for high temperature aerobic composting of cotton stalk.
【Objective】 To explore the effect of different microbial agents on cotton stalk composting at high temperature.【Method】 The cotton stalk was used as experimental material to measure the temperature,pH value,EC value,total nitrogen content and composting pile volume during the fermentation process of high-temperature aerobic composting with three different microbial agents.【Result】 The indices such as fermentation time,temperature variation,total nitrogen content,compost volume variation and the rate of water content of the treatments with microbial agents were all better than control.Among the treatments,the optimum effect occurred in the treatment with one kind of microbial agent offered by Resources and Environment College of Nanjing Agricultural University.And it performed faster temperature rising(entered the megathermal period after 1 day fermentation,the temperature reached 60℃ at 7~(th) day,the megathermal period lasted for 43 days),the stable pH value(pH 6.72) and EC value of stacking,the greatest increase of total nitrogen content which could reach the quality safety index of compost and the minimal reduction of composting pile volume.In this treatment,meanwhile,the composting pile needed water replenishing at regular time because of the high evaporation rate.The rate of water content steadily reduced during the whole fermentation process,and eventually stabilized at around 20%.【Conclusion】 Microbial agent Ⅱ was more suitable for high temperature aerobic composting of cotton stalk.
引文
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[24] 中华人民共和国卫生部.粪便无害化卫生标准 GB7959-87[S].1987.
[25] 李国学,张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[26] 曾光明,黄国和,袁兴中,等.堆肥环境生物与控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:360-375.
[27] 殷培杰,孙军德,石星群,等.微生物菌剂在鸡粪有机肥料堆制发酵中的应用[J].微生物学杂志,2004,24(6):43-46.
[2] 黄懿梅,安韶山,白红英,等.鸡粪与不同秸秆高温堆肥中氮素的变化特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(11):53-58.
[3] 竹江良,刘晓琳,李少明,等.两种微生物菌剂对烟草废弃物高温堆肥腐熟进程的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010 (1):194-199.
[4] 于光辉,张志卿,梁娟,等.两种微生物菌种对园林废弃物高温堆肥影响的研究[J].四川化工,2014,17(5):51-53.
[5] 中华人民共和国国家林业局.森林土壤pH值的测定 LY/T 1239-1999[S].1999.
[6] 李谦盛,郭世荣,李式军.基质EC值与作物生长的关系及其测定方法比较[J].中国蔬菜,2004(1):70-71.
[7] 陈蕾,张益民,袁静,等.土壤全氮量测定的方法改进研究[J].四川环境,2010(29):43-45.
[8] 蔡璐,陈同斌,刘洪涛,等.污泥堆肥含水率监测方法的选择与探讨[J].环境科学学报, 2012,32(6):1281-1288
[9] Rynk R.Monitoring moisture in composting systems[J]. Bio Cycle Magazine, 2000(10):53-57
[10] 勾长龙,高云航,娄玉杰,等.微生物菌剂对堆肥发酵影响的研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(6):1244-1248.
[11] 王岩,李玉红.添加微生物菌剂对牛粪高温堆肥腐熟的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(10):220-223.
[12] 洪念,陈俊,高定,等.翻抛对城市污泥好氧发酵过程中堆体温度的影响[J].中国给水排水,2013,29.
[13] Wei shi,Jeanette M N,Bruce E M,et al.Effects of aeration and moisture during windrow composting on the nitrogen fertilizer values of dairy waste composts[J].Applied Soil Ecology,1999(11):17-21.
[14] 李书田,刘荣乐,陕红.我国主要畜禽粪便养分含量及变化分析[J].2009,28(1):179-184.
[15] 张鸣,高天鹏,刘玲玲,等.麦秆和羊粪混合高温堆肥腐熟进程研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):566-569.
[16] 李天林,沈冰.无土栽培中基质培选料的参考因素与发展趋势[J].石河子大学学报,1999,3(3):251-258.
[17] 解开治.不同添加剂对鲜牛粪的堆肥化效应及肥效研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007.
[18] 黄懿梅,安韶山,白红英,等.鸡粪与不同秸秆高温堆肥中氮素的变化特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32:53-58.
[19] Benitez C;Tejada,M.;Gonzalez,J.L.Kinetics of the mineralization of nitrogen in a pig slurry compost applied to soils[J].Compost Science & Utilization,Winter,2003,11(1):72-80.
[20] Fukumoto Yasuyuki,Osada Takashi,Hanajima Dai,et al.Patterns and quantities of NH3,N2O and CH4 emissions during swine manure composting without forced aeration effect of compost pile scale[J].Bioresource Technology,2003,89(2):109-114.
[21] Chefetz B,Hatcher P G,Hardar Y,et al.Chemical and biological characterization of organic matter during composting of municipal solid waste[J].J Environ Qual,1996,25(4):776-785.
[22] 聂永丰.三废处理工程技术手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[23] 李艳霞,王敏健,王菊思.有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度参数及指标[J].环境科学,1999,3:98-103.
[24] 中华人民共和国卫生部.粪便无害化卫生标准 GB7959-87[S].1987.
[25] 李国学,张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[26] 曾光明,黄国和,袁兴中,等.堆肥环境生物与控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:360-375.
[27] 殷培杰,孙军德,石星群,等.微生物菌剂在鸡粪有机肥料堆制发酵中的应用[J].微生物学杂志,2004,24(6):43-46.