河南省小麦品种春化特性和光周期特性的研究
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摘要
以河南省20世纪40年代至今的30个小麦大面积栽培品种为材料,采用春化特性和光周期特性离析试验、田间幼穗分化进程观察的方法,对河南省小麦品种春化特性和光周期特性进行了分类和演化分析,并利用STS标记对供试品种的春化和光周期基因进行了检测。结果表明,在河南省70年来的小麦大面积品种演化中,存在着多种春化与光周期反应类型,但春化特性的演化表现为冬性程度由强减弱再增强的变化趋势;光周期特性敏感程度表现出逐渐降低的趋势。经分子标记检测,河南省70年来大面积推广品种的春化基因主要为 vrn-A1、 vrn-B1、 vrn-D1、 Vrn-D1b和 vrn-B3,光周期基因主要为 Ppd-A1a、 Ppd-D1a,但这些基因对春化特性和光周期特性的作用效果总体上尚不能准确反映品种的冬春性和光周期特性的实际情况,在育种工作中春化特性和光周期特性的选择与鉴定仍应以表型鉴定为主。
In this study, analysis and evolutionary analysis were carried out concerning the vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics of 30 commercial wheat cultivars cultivated in Henan province from the 1940 s to the present by segregation experiment of vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics as well as observation on the process of young spike differentiation in field. Simultaneously,vernalization gene and photoperiod gene in the tested varieties were detected by STS markers. The results showed that there were many types of vernalization and photoperiod response in the evolution of commercial wheat cultivars in Henan province in the past 70 years. However, evolution of vernalization characteristics showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing regarding its winterness degree; while the sensitivity of photoperiod response characteristic showed a gradual decreasing trend. At the same time, further discussion was performed on the breeding strategy of vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics in the area. The results of molecular marker analysis revealed that the vernalization gene and the photoperiod gene were vrn-A1, vrn-B1, vrn-D1, vrn-D1 b and Ppd-A1 a, Ppd-D1 a in Henan Province, respectively. Nevertheless, the identification effect of these genes on vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics could not contribute to accurate reflection of the actual situation of winter-spring and photoperiod response characteristics of cultivars on the whole. Phenotype identification should be the predominant method for selection and identification of vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics in breeding.
In this study, analysis and evolutionary analysis were carried out concerning the vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics of 30 commercial wheat cultivars cultivated in Henan province from the 1940 s to the present by segregation experiment of vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics as well as observation on the process of young spike differentiation in field. Simultaneously,vernalization gene and photoperiod gene in the tested varieties were detected by STS markers. The results showed that there were many types of vernalization and photoperiod response in the evolution of commercial wheat cultivars in Henan province in the past 70 years. However, evolution of vernalization characteristics showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing regarding its winterness degree; while the sensitivity of photoperiod response characteristic showed a gradual decreasing trend. At the same time, further discussion was performed on the breeding strategy of vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics in the area. The results of molecular marker analysis revealed that the vernalization gene and the photoperiod gene were vrn-A1, vrn-B1, vrn-D1, vrn-D1 b and Ppd-A1 a, Ppd-D1 a in Henan Province, respectively. Nevertheless, the identification effect of these genes on vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics could not contribute to accurate reflection of the actual situation of winter-spring and photoperiod response characteristics of cultivars on the whole. Phenotype identification should be the predominant method for selection and identification of vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics in breeding.
引文
[1]尹钧.小麦温光发育研究进展Ⅰ.春化和光周期发育规律[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(6):681. YIN J.Review of thermo-photoperiod development of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)Ⅰ.The vernalization and photoperiod response of wheat varieties [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(6):681.
[2]崔继林.小麦阶段发育的研究[J].华东农业科学通报,1955(10):5. CUI J L.Study of wheat phasic development [J].East China Agricultural Science Bulletin,1955(10):5.
[3]黄季芳,以凡.关于中国秋播小麦的阶段发育和胜利百号甘薯品种变异的研究[J].科学通报,1957(S1):31. HUANG J F,YI F.Study on phase development and variation of sweet potato varieties in chinese autumn sowing wheat [J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1957(S1):31.
[4]苗果园,张云亭,侯跃生,等.小麦温光发育类型的研究(第一报)[J].北京农学院学报,1988(2):8. MIAO G Y,ZHANG Y T,HOU Y S,et al.A Study on types of the development of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) under the different conditions of temperature and daylength(first report) [J].Jouranl of BeiJing Agricultural College,1988(2):8.
[5]白瑞英,王翔,王静轩,等.光周期基因在我国小麦品种中的多态性分布[J].华北农学报,2015,30(3):173. BAI R Y,WANG X,WANG J X,et al.The polymorphism distribution of the photoperiod genes in wheat varieties in China [J].Acta Agriculture Boreali-Sinice,2015,30(3):173.
[6]夏镇澳.春小麦2419及冬小麦小红芒的茎生长锥分化和发育阶段的关系[J].植物生理学报,1956(5):66. XIAN Z H.Relationship between stem growth cone differentiation and developmental stage of spring wheat 2419 and winter wheat Xiaohongmang [J].Plant Physiology Communications,1956(5):66.
[7]GUO Z A,SONG Y X,ZHOU R H,et al.Discovery,evaluation and distribution of haplotypes of the wheat Ppd-D1 gene [J].New Phytologist,2010(3):841.
[8]WILHELM E P,TURNER A S,LAURIE D A.Photoperiod insensitive Ppd-A1a mutations in tetraploid wheat(Triticum durum Desf.) [J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2009(2):285.
[9]BEALES J,TURNER A,GRIFFITHS S,et al.A pseudo-response regulator is misexpressed in the photoperiod insensitive Ppd-D1a mutant of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) [J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2007(5):721.
[10]DUBCOVSKY J,LOUKOIANOV A,FU D,et al.Effect of photoperiod on the regulation of wheat vernalization genes VRN1 and VRN2 [J].Plant Molecular Biology,2006(4):469.
[11]许为钢,胡琳,盖钧镒.陕西关中地区小麦品种的发育特性[J].西北农业学报,2000,9(1):62. XU W G,HU L,GAI J Y.Development characteristics of wheat cultivars in Mid-Shaanxi Area [J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2000,9(1):62.
[12]苗果园,张云亭,侯跃生,等.小麦发育温光效应的模拟研究[J].华北农学报,1990(4):15. MIAO G Y,ZHANG Y T,HOU Y S,et al A Simulated study of temperature and light-length effect on wheat development [J].Acta Agriculture Boreali-Sinice,1990(4):15.
[13]崔金梅,郭天财.小麦的穗[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008. CUI J L,GUO T C.Panicle of wheat [M].Beijing:China agriculture Publishing House,2008.
[14]YAN L,FU D,LI C,et al.The wheat and barley vernalization gene VRN3 is an orthologue of FT [J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,51:19581.
[15]FU D,SZCS P,YAN L,et al.Large deletions within the first intron in VRN-1 are associated with spring growth habit in barley and wheat [J].Molecular Genetics and Genomics,2005,4:442.
[16]黄敬芳,周立伟,陶维海,等.小麦的春化阶段与穗的发育[J].北京农学院学报,1988(2):25. HUANG J F,ZHOU L W,TAO W H,et al.The veranlization phase and spike development in wheat [J].Jouranl of Beijing Agricultural College,1988(2):25.
[17]张锦熙,刘锡山,阎润涛.小麦冬春品种类型及各生育阶段主茎叶数与穗分化进程变异规律的研究[J].中国农业科学,1986(2):27. ZHANG J X,LIU X S,YAN R T.Studies on different types of varieties and divison of phases of growth an development in wheat [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1986(2):27.
[2]崔继林.小麦阶段发育的研究[J].华东农业科学通报,1955(10):5. CUI J L.Study of wheat phasic development [J].East China Agricultural Science Bulletin,1955(10):5.
[3]黄季芳,以凡.关于中国秋播小麦的阶段发育和胜利百号甘薯品种变异的研究[J].科学通报,1957(S1):31. HUANG J F,YI F.Study on phase development and variation of sweet potato varieties in chinese autumn sowing wheat [J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1957(S1):31.
[4]苗果园,张云亭,侯跃生,等.小麦温光发育类型的研究(第一报)[J].北京农学院学报,1988(2):8. MIAO G Y,ZHANG Y T,HOU Y S,et al.A Study on types of the development of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) under the different conditions of temperature and daylength(first report) [J].Jouranl of BeiJing Agricultural College,1988(2):8.
[5]白瑞英,王翔,王静轩,等.光周期基因在我国小麦品种中的多态性分布[J].华北农学报,2015,30(3):173. BAI R Y,WANG X,WANG J X,et al.The polymorphism distribution of the photoperiod genes in wheat varieties in China [J].Acta Agriculture Boreali-Sinice,2015,30(3):173.
[6]夏镇澳.春小麦2419及冬小麦小红芒的茎生长锥分化和发育阶段的关系[J].植物生理学报,1956(5):66. XIAN Z H.Relationship between stem growth cone differentiation and developmental stage of spring wheat 2419 and winter wheat Xiaohongmang [J].Plant Physiology Communications,1956(5):66.
[7]GUO Z A,SONG Y X,ZHOU R H,et al.Discovery,evaluation and distribution of haplotypes of the wheat Ppd-D1 gene [J].New Phytologist,2010(3):841.
[8]WILHELM E P,TURNER A S,LAURIE D A.Photoperiod insensitive Ppd-A1a mutations in tetraploid wheat(Triticum durum Desf.) [J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2009(2):285.
[9]BEALES J,TURNER A,GRIFFITHS S,et al.A pseudo-response regulator is misexpressed in the photoperiod insensitive Ppd-D1a mutant of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) [J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2007(5):721.
[10]DUBCOVSKY J,LOUKOIANOV A,FU D,et al.Effect of photoperiod on the regulation of wheat vernalization genes VRN1 and VRN2 [J].Plant Molecular Biology,2006(4):469.
[11]许为钢,胡琳,盖钧镒.陕西关中地区小麦品种的发育特性[J].西北农业学报,2000,9(1):62. XU W G,HU L,GAI J Y.Development characteristics of wheat cultivars in Mid-Shaanxi Area [J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2000,9(1):62.
[12]苗果园,张云亭,侯跃生,等.小麦发育温光效应的模拟研究[J].华北农学报,1990(4):15. MIAO G Y,ZHANG Y T,HOU Y S,et al A Simulated study of temperature and light-length effect on wheat development [J].Acta Agriculture Boreali-Sinice,1990(4):15.
[13]崔金梅,郭天财.小麦的穗[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008. CUI J L,GUO T C.Panicle of wheat [M].Beijing:China agriculture Publishing House,2008.
[14]YAN L,FU D,LI C,et al.The wheat and barley vernalization gene VRN3 is an orthologue of FT [J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,51:19581.
[15]FU D,SZCS P,YAN L,et al.Large deletions within the first intron in VRN-1 are associated with spring growth habit in barley and wheat [J].Molecular Genetics and Genomics,2005,4:442.
[16]黄敬芳,周立伟,陶维海,等.小麦的春化阶段与穗的发育[J].北京农学院学报,1988(2):25. HUANG J F,ZHOU L W,TAO W H,et al.The veranlization phase and spike development in wheat [J].Jouranl of Beijing Agricultural College,1988(2):25.
[17]张锦熙,刘锡山,阎润涛.小麦冬春品种类型及各生育阶段主茎叶数与穗分化进程变异规律的研究[J].中国农业科学,1986(2):27. ZHANG J X,LIU X S,YAN R T.Studies on different types of varieties and divison of phases of growth an development in wheat [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1986(2):27.