砂土颗粒级配对格栅-土界面静、动力直剪特性的影响
|
摘要
为了研究不同颗粒级配砂土与格栅界面的剪切特性,采用3种不同颗粒级配的砂土与土工格栅进行了一系列大型室内单调直剪试验、循环直剪试验和循环后单调直剪试验,并且通过对比单调直剪以及循环后单调直剪下界面剪切特性的变化,研究了循环剪切应力历史对界面抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:单调直剪试验中,3种界面均发生峰值后剪切软化现象,且高应力下软化现象更明显;3种界面在循环直剪试验中均呈现剪切硬化特点,同一循环次数下颗粒级配良好砂土与格栅界面剪切强度最大;经历过循环剪切后,3种界面的峰值黏聚力与残余黏聚力均减小,而峰值摩擦角与残余摩擦角增大;遭受循环剪切后,3种颗粒级配砂土与格栅界面抗剪强度都得到了提高。
To investigate the influence of soil particle-size gradation on geogrid-sand interface, a series of large-scale direct shear tests, cyclic direct shear tests and post-cyclic direct shear tests is performed on geogrid and sand with three particle-size gradations. The interface shear stress, shear displacement and vertical displacement are analyzed in direct shear tests and cyclic direct shear tests. The influence of cyclic shear history on interface behavior is studied through the comparison and analysis of the results from direct shear tests and post-cyclic direct shear tests. Results show that, in direct shear tests, the shear softening phenomena occur on geogrid-sand interfaces under different soil particle-size gradation, which is more significant under higher vertical normal stresses. In cyclic direct shear tests, the shear hardening phenomena appear on geogrid-sand interfaces under different soil particle-size gradation, and the interface of geogrid-good graded sand has the highest shear strength under the same cyclic number. The apparent interfacial peak adhesion and apparent residual adhesion decrease with the cyclic shear tests, while friction angle increases with the cyclic shear tests. The post-cyclic shear strengths of three types of geogrid-sand interfaces in direct shear tests are higher than those of monotonic direct shear tests.
To investigate the influence of soil particle-size gradation on geogrid-sand interface, a series of large-scale direct shear tests, cyclic direct shear tests and post-cyclic direct shear tests is performed on geogrid and sand with three particle-size gradations. The interface shear stress, shear displacement and vertical displacement are analyzed in direct shear tests and cyclic direct shear tests. The influence of cyclic shear history on interface behavior is studied through the comparison and analysis of the results from direct shear tests and post-cyclic direct shear tests. Results show that, in direct shear tests, the shear softening phenomena occur on geogrid-sand interfaces under different soil particle-size gradation, which is more significant under higher vertical normal stresses. In cyclic direct shear tests, the shear hardening phenomena appear on geogrid-sand interfaces under different soil particle-size gradation, and the interface of geogrid-good graded sand has the highest shear strength under the same cyclic number. The apparent interfacial peak adhesion and apparent residual adhesion decrease with the cyclic shear tests, while friction angle increases with the cyclic shear tests. The post-cyclic shear strengths of three types of geogrid-sand interfaces in direct shear tests are higher than those of monotonic direct shear tests.
引文
[1]VIDAL H.The principal of reinforced earth.[R].Washington D.C.:Highway Research Board,National Research Council,1969:1-24.
[2]KEVIN L C,JONATHAN F.A comparison of two design methods for unpaved roads reinforced with geogrids[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2006,43(12):1389-1394.
[3]RICHARD J B,VLACHOPOULOS N,WALTERS D L,et al.The influence of facing stiffness on the performance of two geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2006,43(12):1225-1237.
[4]LIU C N,ZORNBERG J G,CHEN T C,et al.Behavior of geogrid-sand interface in direct shear mode[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2009,135(12):1863-1871.
[5]ABDI M R,ARJOMAND M A.Pullout tests conducted on clay reinforced with geogrid encapsulated in thin layers of sand[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2011,29(6):588-595.
[6]YEGIAN M K,LAHLAF A M.Closure of dynamic interface shear strength properties of geomembranes and geotextiles[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,118(5):465-475.
[7]PITANGA H N,GOURC J P,VILAR O M.Interface shear strength of geosynthetics:evaluation and analysis of inclined plane tests[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2009,27(6):435-446.
[8]BRIANCON L,GIRARD H,GOURC J P.A new procedure for measuring geosynthetic friction with an inclined plane[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2011,29(5):472-482.
[9]EID H T.Shear strength of geosynthetic composite systems for design of landfill liner and cover slopes[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2011,29(3):335-344.
[10]苗晨曦,郑俊杰,崔明娟,等.三向土工格栅筋土界面及摩擦特性的离散元模拟[J].岩土力学,2014,35(增刊1):423-430.MIAO Chen-xi,ZHENG Jun-jie,CUI Ming-juan,et al.Discrete element simulation of interface characteristic and frictional properties of triaxial geogrid[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(Supp.1):423-430.
[11]陈建峰,李辉利,柳军修,等.土工格栅与砂土的细观界面特性研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):66-71.CHEN Jian-feng,LI Hui-li,LIU Jun-xiu,et al.Mesoscopic study of interface properties of geogrid-reinforced soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.1):66-71.
[12]SAYEED M M A,RAMAIAH B J,RAWAL A.Interface shear characteristics of jute/polypropylene hybrid nonwoven geotextiles and sand using large size direct shear test[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2014,42(1):63-68.
[13]尹光志,张东明,魏作安,等.土工合成材料与细粒尾矿界面作用特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):426-429.YIN Guang-zhi,ZHANG Dong-ming,WEI Zuo-an,et al.Testing study on interaction characteristics between fine grained tailings and geosynthetics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(3):426-429.
[14]徐超,孟凡祥.剪切速率和材料特性对筋-土界面抗剪强度的影响[J].岩土力学,2010,31(10):3101-3106.XU Chao,MENG Fan-xiang.Effects of shear rate and material properties on shear strength of geosynthetic-soil interface[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(10):3101-3106.
[15]刘炜,汪益敏,陈页开,等.土工格室加筋土的大尺寸直剪试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(11):3133-3138.LIU Wei,WANG Yi-min,CHEN Ye-kai,et al.Research on larger scale direct shear test for geocell reinforced soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(11):3133-3138.
[16]WANG J P,LING H I,LESHCHINSKY D.Cyclic behaviour of soil-structure interfaces associated with modular-block reinforced soil-retaining walls[J].Geosynthetics International,2008,15(1):14-21.
[17]刘飞禹,王攀,王军,等.颗粒粒径对格栅-土界面静、动力直剪特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2017,38(1):150-156.LIU Fei-yu,WANG Pan,WANG Jun,et al.Influence of soil particle size on monotonic and cyclic direct shear behaviors of geogrid-soil interface[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(1):150-156.
[18]王军,王攀,刘飞禹,等.密实度不同时格栅-砂土界面循环剪切及其后直剪特性[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(2):342-349.WANG Jun,WANG Pan,LIU Fei-yu,et al.Cyclic and post-cyclic direct shear behaviors of geogrid-sand interface with different soil densities[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(2):342-349.
[19]MORTARA G,MANGIOLA A,GHIONNA V N.Cyclic shear stress degradation and post-cyclic behaviour from sand-steel interface direct shear tests[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2007,44(7):739-752.
[20]VIEIRA C S,LOPES M D L,CALDEIRA L.Sand-geotextile interface characterization through monotonic and cyclic shear tests[J].Geosynthetics International,2013,20(1):26-38.
[21]PALMEIRA E M.Soil-geosynthetics interaction:modelling and analysis[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2009,27(5):368-390.
[22]VANGLA P,GALI M L.Effect of particle size of sand and surface asperities of reinforcement on their interface shear behavior[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2015,44(3):254-268.
[23]CHOUDHARY A K,KRISHNA A M.Influence of different types of soil-geosynthetics interaction behavior[J].International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,Engineering and Technology,2013,3(4):60-68.
[24]刘飞禹,林旭,王军.砂土颗粒级配对筋土界面抗剪特性的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(12):2575-2582.LIU Fei-yu,LIN Xu,WANG Pan.Influence of particle-size gradation on shear behavior of geosynthetics and sand interface[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(12):2575-2582.
[25]中华人民共和国水利部.GB/T50123-1999土工试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.The Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China.GB/T50123-1999 Standard for soil test method[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1999.
[26]交通部公路科学研究院.JTG E50-2006公路工程土工合成材料试验规程[S].上海:上海文化出版社,2006.Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport.JTGE50-2006 Highway engineering test procedures of geosynthetics[S].Shanghai:Shanghai Culture Publishing House,2006.
[2]KEVIN L C,JONATHAN F.A comparison of two design methods for unpaved roads reinforced with geogrids[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2006,43(12):1389-1394.
[3]RICHARD J B,VLACHOPOULOS N,WALTERS D L,et al.The influence of facing stiffness on the performance of two geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2006,43(12):1225-1237.
[4]LIU C N,ZORNBERG J G,CHEN T C,et al.Behavior of geogrid-sand interface in direct shear mode[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2009,135(12):1863-1871.
[5]ABDI M R,ARJOMAND M A.Pullout tests conducted on clay reinforced with geogrid encapsulated in thin layers of sand[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2011,29(6):588-595.
[6]YEGIAN M K,LAHLAF A M.Closure of dynamic interface shear strength properties of geomembranes and geotextiles[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,118(5):465-475.
[7]PITANGA H N,GOURC J P,VILAR O M.Interface shear strength of geosynthetics:evaluation and analysis of inclined plane tests[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2009,27(6):435-446.
[8]BRIANCON L,GIRARD H,GOURC J P.A new procedure for measuring geosynthetic friction with an inclined plane[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2011,29(5):472-482.
[9]EID H T.Shear strength of geosynthetic composite systems for design of landfill liner and cover slopes[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2011,29(3):335-344.
[10]苗晨曦,郑俊杰,崔明娟,等.三向土工格栅筋土界面及摩擦特性的离散元模拟[J].岩土力学,2014,35(增刊1):423-430.MIAO Chen-xi,ZHENG Jun-jie,CUI Ming-juan,et al.Discrete element simulation of interface characteristic and frictional properties of triaxial geogrid[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(Supp.1):423-430.
[11]陈建峰,李辉利,柳军修,等.土工格栅与砂土的细观界面特性研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):66-71.CHEN Jian-feng,LI Hui-li,LIU Jun-xiu,et al.Mesoscopic study of interface properties of geogrid-reinforced soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.1):66-71.
[12]SAYEED M M A,RAMAIAH B J,RAWAL A.Interface shear characteristics of jute/polypropylene hybrid nonwoven geotextiles and sand using large size direct shear test[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2014,42(1):63-68.
[13]尹光志,张东明,魏作安,等.土工合成材料与细粒尾矿界面作用特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):426-429.YIN Guang-zhi,ZHANG Dong-ming,WEI Zuo-an,et al.Testing study on interaction characteristics between fine grained tailings and geosynthetics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(3):426-429.
[14]徐超,孟凡祥.剪切速率和材料特性对筋-土界面抗剪强度的影响[J].岩土力学,2010,31(10):3101-3106.XU Chao,MENG Fan-xiang.Effects of shear rate and material properties on shear strength of geosynthetic-soil interface[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(10):3101-3106.
[15]刘炜,汪益敏,陈页开,等.土工格室加筋土的大尺寸直剪试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(11):3133-3138.LIU Wei,WANG Yi-min,CHEN Ye-kai,et al.Research on larger scale direct shear test for geocell reinforced soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(11):3133-3138.
[16]WANG J P,LING H I,LESHCHINSKY D.Cyclic behaviour of soil-structure interfaces associated with modular-block reinforced soil-retaining walls[J].Geosynthetics International,2008,15(1):14-21.
[17]刘飞禹,王攀,王军,等.颗粒粒径对格栅-土界面静、动力直剪特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2017,38(1):150-156.LIU Fei-yu,WANG Pan,WANG Jun,et al.Influence of soil particle size on monotonic and cyclic direct shear behaviors of geogrid-soil interface[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(1):150-156.
[18]王军,王攀,刘飞禹,等.密实度不同时格栅-砂土界面循环剪切及其后直剪特性[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(2):342-349.WANG Jun,WANG Pan,LIU Fei-yu,et al.Cyclic and post-cyclic direct shear behaviors of geogrid-sand interface with different soil densities[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(2):342-349.
[19]MORTARA G,MANGIOLA A,GHIONNA V N.Cyclic shear stress degradation and post-cyclic behaviour from sand-steel interface direct shear tests[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2007,44(7):739-752.
[20]VIEIRA C S,LOPES M D L,CALDEIRA L.Sand-geotextile interface characterization through monotonic and cyclic shear tests[J].Geosynthetics International,2013,20(1):26-38.
[21]PALMEIRA E M.Soil-geosynthetics interaction:modelling and analysis[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2009,27(5):368-390.
[22]VANGLA P,GALI M L.Effect of particle size of sand and surface asperities of reinforcement on their interface shear behavior[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2015,44(3):254-268.
[23]CHOUDHARY A K,KRISHNA A M.Influence of different types of soil-geosynthetics interaction behavior[J].International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,Engineering and Technology,2013,3(4):60-68.
[24]刘飞禹,林旭,王军.砂土颗粒级配对筋土界面抗剪特性的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(12):2575-2582.LIU Fei-yu,LIN Xu,WANG Pan.Influence of particle-size gradation on shear behavior of geosynthetics and sand interface[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(12):2575-2582.
[25]中华人民共和国水利部.GB/T50123-1999土工试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.The Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China.GB/T50123-1999 Standard for soil test method[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1999.
[26]交通部公路科学研究院.JTG E50-2006公路工程土工合成材料试验规程[S].上海:上海文化出版社,2006.Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport.JTGE50-2006 Highway engineering test procedures of geosynthetics[S].Shanghai:Shanghai Culture Publishing House,2006.