石墨烯增强镁合金钨极氩弧焊接接头性能
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摘要
通过活性钨极氩弧焊接将石墨烯纳米片溶入AZ31镁合金中,制得石墨烯/AZ31镁合金复合焊接接头。研究石墨烯加入量对复合焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明:石墨烯纳米片在Marangoni逆流的运载和电磁力的搅拌作用下,均匀分布在AZ31镁合金基体中。均匀分散的石墨烯纳米片有效地细化镁合金的晶粒组织,并显著提高其接头的力学性能。所有试样中,4~#石墨烯/AZ31镁合金复合接头的晶粒尺寸最小(约19.8μm),力学性能最优,其极限拉伸强度和显微硬度为198 MPa和68.9 HV,约为未添加石墨烯纳米片AZ31镁合金接头的190.4%和130%,同时,接头的韧性也达到最佳。因此,石墨烯纳米片的添加量在1.41%左右时,能获得性能最好的石墨烯/AZ31镁合金复合接头。
The graphene nanosheets/AZ31 magnesium alloy composite joints were fabricated by introducing graphene nanosheets into magnesium alloy through activating flux tungsten inert gas welding. The effects of graphene addition amount on microstructure and properties of composite joints were studied. The results show that graphene nanosheets evenly disperse in magnesium alloy matrix due to the combined effect of Marangoni convection and electromagnetic forces. The uniformly dispersed graphene nanosheets refine matrix crystals and enhance mechanical property of the composite joints. The minimum grain size(about 19.8 μm) and optimum of mechanical properties of sample 4~# is obtained. The ultra-tensile strength and microhardness of the composite joints reach to 198 MPa and 68.9 HV, about190.4% and 130% of those of the joints without graphene nanosheets, respectively. Simultaneously, the toughness is also the best. Therefore, the grapheme nanosheets/AZ31 magnesium alloy composite joints with the best performance can be obtained when graphene addition amount is about 1.41%.
The graphene nanosheets/AZ31 magnesium alloy composite joints were fabricated by introducing graphene nanosheets into magnesium alloy through activating flux tungsten inert gas welding. The effects of graphene addition amount on microstructure and properties of composite joints were studied. The results show that graphene nanosheets evenly disperse in magnesium alloy matrix due to the combined effect of Marangoni convection and electromagnetic forces. The uniformly dispersed graphene nanosheets refine matrix crystals and enhance mechanical property of the composite joints. The minimum grain size(about 19.8 μm) and optimum of mechanical properties of sample 4~# is obtained. The ultra-tensile strength and microhardness of the composite joints reach to 198 MPa and 68.9 HV, about190.4% and 130% of those of the joints without graphene nanosheets, respectively. Simultaneously, the toughness is also the best. Therefore, the grapheme nanosheets/AZ31 magnesium alloy composite joints with the best performance can be obtained when graphene addition amount is about 1.41%.
引文
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[23]ZHOU Ying-hao,LIU Duo,SONG Xiao-guo,LIU Jing-he,SONG Yan-yu,WANG Zhi,FENG Ji-chi,Characterization of carbon/carbon composite/Ti6Al4V joints brazed with graphene nanosheets strengthened AgCuTi filler[J].Ceramics International2017,43(18):16600-16610.
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[2]王乃光,王日初,彭超群,冯艳,邓敏,张俊昌.镁阳极在海水激活电池中的应用[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(5):1034-1044.WANG Nai-guang,WANG Ri-chu,PENG Chao-qun,FENGYan,DENG Min,ZHANG Jun-chang.Application of magnesium anodes in seawater activated batteries[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(5):1034-1044.
[3]袁广银,章晓波,牛佳林,陶海荣,陈道运,何耀华,蒋垚,丁文江,新型可降解生物医用镁合金JDBM的研究进展[J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(10):2476-2488.YUAN Guang-yin,ZHANG Xiao-bo,NIU Jia-lin,TAOHai-rong,CHEN Dao-yun,HE Yao-hua,JIANG Yao,DINGWen-jiang.Research progress of new type of degradable biomedical magnesium alloys JDBM[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(10):2476-2488.
[4]ZHU Su-ming,EASTON M A,ABBOTT T B,NIE Jian-feng,DARGUSCH M S,HOTR N,GIBSON M A.Evaluation of magnesium die-casting alloys for elevated temperature applications:microstructure,tensile properties,and creep resistance[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2015,46(8):3543-3554.
[5]CHEN Lian-yi,XU Jia-quan,CHOI H,POZUELO M,MAXiao-long,BHOWMICK S,YANG Jenn-ming,MATHAUDHU S,LI Xiao-chun.Processing and properties of magnesium containing a dense uniform dispersion of nanoparticles[J].Nature,2015,528(7583):539-543.
[6]HABIBNEJAD-KORAYEM M,MAHMUDI R,POOLE WJ.Enhanced properties of Mg-based nano-composites reinforced with Al2O3 nano-particles[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2009,519(1/2):198-203.
[7]杨华,潘强,孙姣,王譞,黄周轩,王卓,CNTs/AZ91碳纳米管镁基复合材料的制备及性能研究[J].真空与低温,2018,24(2):100-106.YANG Hua,PAN Qiang,SUN Jiao,WANG Xuan,HUANGZhou-xuan,WANG Zhuo.Preparation and properties of CNTs/AZ91 carbon nanotubes magnesium matrix composites[J].Vacuum&Cryogenics,2018,24(2):100-106.
[8]ZHANG Tao,SHEN Jun,LüLu-qiang,WANG Chun-min,SANG Jia-xin,WU Dong.Effects of graphene nanoplates on microstructures and mechanical properties of NSA-TIGwelded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27(6):1285-1293.
[9]OVID'KO I A.Mechanical properties of graphene[J].Reviews on Advanced Materials Science,2013,34(1):1-11.
[10]GONG Shan-shan,NI Hong,JIANG Lei,CHENG Qun-feng.Learning from nature:Constructing high performance graphene-based nanocomposites[J].Materials Today,2016,20(4):210-219.
[11]PAVITHRA C L P,SARADA B V,RAJULAPATI K V,RAOT N,SUNDARARAJAN G.Process optimization for pulse reverse electrodeposition of graphene-reinforced copper nanocomposites[J].Materials and Manufacturing Processes,2016,31(11):1439-1446.
[12]Ferguson J B,FARIBA S J,KIM C S,ROHATGI P K,CHOK.On the strength and strain to failure in particle-reinforced magnesium metal-matrix nanocomposites(Mg MMNCs)[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2012,558:193-204.
[13]徐强,曾效舒,周国华.钟罩浸块铸造法制备的CNTs/AZ31镁基复合材料的力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(2):189-194.XU Qiang,ZENG Xiao-shu,ZHOU Guo-hua.Mechanical properties of CNTs/AZ31 composites prepared by adding CNTs block with plunger[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(2):189-194.
[14]XIE Xiong,SHEN Jun,GONG Fu-bao,LI Yang.Effects of current on nanoparticle reinforced magnesium alloy welding joints[J].Science&Technology of Welding&Joining,2015,20(8):686-692.
[15]XIE Xiong,SHEN Jun,CHENG Liang,LI Yang,PU Ya-yun.Effects of nano-particles strengthening activating flux on the microstructures and mechanical properties of TIG welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints[J].Materials&Design,2015,81:31-38.
[16]LIU Li-min,DONG Chang-fu.Gas tungsten-arc filler welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy[J].Materials Letters,2006,60(17/18):2194-2197.
[17]ZHANG Shu-yan,JIANG Fu-song,DING Wen-bin.Microstructure and mechanical performance of pulsed current gas tungsten arc surface engineered composite coatings on Mg alloy reinforced by Si Cp[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2008,490(1/2):208-220.
[18]陈振华,夏伟军,程永奇,傅定发.镁合金织构与各向异性[J].中国有色金属学报,2005,15(1):1-11.CHEN Zhen-hua,XIA Wei-jun,CHEN Yong-qi,FU Ding-fa.Texture and anisotropy in magnesium alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2005,15(1):1-11.
[19]梁书锦,王欣,刘祖岩,王尔德.AZ31镁合金不同温度挤压后组织性能研究[J].稀有金属材料工程,2009,38(7):1276-1279.LIANG Shu-jin,WANG Xin,LIU Zu-yan,WANG Er-de.Mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy extruded at different die temperatures[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2009,38(7):1276-1279.
[20]BOHLEN J,DOBRON P,SWIOSTEK J,LETZIG D,CHMELIK F,LUKAC P,KAINER K U.On the influence of the grain size and solute content on the AE response of magnesium alloys tested in tension and compression[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2007,462(1/2):302-306.
[21]XU Yu-lei,ZHANG Kui,LI Xing-gang,LEI Jian,YUANHai-bo,LIU Zheng.Effects of on-line solution and off-line heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(11):2652-2658.
[22]HUO Shi-yan,XIE Li-jing,XIANG Jun-feng,PANG Si-qin,HU Fang,UMER Usama.Atomic-level study on mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of Al/Si Cnano-composites[J],Applied Physics A-Materials Science&Processing,2018,124:209.
[23]ZHOU Ying-hao,LIU Duo,SONG Xiao-guo,LIU Jing-he,SONG Yan-yu,WANG Zhi,FENG Ji-chi,Characterization of carbon/carbon composite/Ti6Al4V joints brazed with graphene nanosheets strengthened AgCuTi filler[J].Ceramics International2017,43(18):16600-16610.
[24]WU Zheng-gang,GAO Yan-fei,BEI Hong-bin.Thermal activation mechanisms and Labusch-type strengthening analysis for a family of high-entropy and equiatomic solid-solution alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2016,120:108-119.